ham

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ham"
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Translingual

Symbol

ham

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Hewa.

See also

English

A baked ham (cured thigh of hog).

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English hamme, from Old English hamm (“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), from Proto-West Germanic *hammu, from Proto-Germanic *hamō, *hammō, *hanmō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).

Cognate with Dutch ham (“ham”), dialectal German Hamme (“hind part of the knee, ham”), dialectal Swedish ham (“the hind part of the knee”), Icelandic höm (“the ham or haunch of a horse”), Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “shinbone”). Compare gammon and gam.

Pronunciation

Noun

ham (countable and uncountable, plural hams)

  2. (anatomy) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.
  4. (countable) A thigh and/or buttock of a hog slaughtered for meat; (occasionally) the corresponding cut from some other animal.
    Hypernyms: cut; meat < food
  6. (uncountable) Meat from the thigh and/or buttock of a hog cured for food.
    Hypernyms: meat < food
    a little piece of ham for the cat
    • 2012, Audra Lilly Griffeth, A King's Daughter, →ISBN:
      She put some ham in the beans and cut up some sweet potatoes to boil.
  8. The back of the thigh of humans or certain other animals.
  9. (Internet, informal, uncommon) Electronic mail that is wanted; email that is not spam or junk mail.
    Synonym: ham e-mail
    Antonyms: spam, junk mail
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle English ham, from Old English hām.

Noun

ham (uncountable)

  2. Obsolete form of home.
Usage notes
  • Persists in many old place names, such as Buckingham.

References

Etymology 3

    Uncertain, though it is generally agreed upon that it first appeared in print around the 1880s. At least four theories persist:

    • It came naturally from the word amateur. Deemed likely by Hendrickson (1997), but then the question would be why it took so long to pop up. He rejects the folk etymology of Cockney slang hamateur because it originated in American English.[1]
    • From the play Hamlet, where the title character was often played poorly and/or in an exaggerated manner. Also deemed likely by Hendrickson, though he raises the issue that the term would have likely been around earlier if this were the case.
    • From the minstrel's practice of using ham fat to remove heavy black makeup used during performances.[2]
    • Shortened from hamfatter (“inferior actor”), said to derive from the 1863 minstrel show song The Ham-fat Man.[3] William and Mary Morris (1988) argue that it's not known whether the song inspired the term or the term inspired the song, but that they believe the latter is the case.

    Noun

    ham (plural hams)

    2. (acting) An overacting or amateurish performer; an actor with an especially showy or exaggerated style.
      Synonyms: hambone, hamfatter, overactor, tear-cat
      • 2023 June 13, Dwight Garner, quoting James Wood, “Cormac McCarthy, Novelist of a Darker America, Is Dead at 89”, in The New York Times‎[1], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2 February 2026:
        Writing in The New Yorker in 2005, James Wood praised Mr. McCarthy as “a colossally gifted writer” and “one of the great hams of American prose, who delights in producing a histrionic rhetoric that brilliantly ventriloquizes the King James Bible, Shakespearean and Jacobean tragedy, Melville, Conrad, and Faulkner.”
    3. (radio) An amateur radio operator.
      Synonym: radio amateur
    Derived terms
    Translations

    Verb

    ham (third-person singular simple present hams, present participle hamming, simple past and past participle hammed)

    1. (acting) To overact; to act with exaggerated emotions.
      Synonyms: ham it up, chew the scenery, melodramatize, overact, tear a cat
      Near-synonym: camp it up
    Translations
    See also

    See also

    References

    1. ^ Hendrickson, Robert (1997), The Facts on File encyclopedia of word and phrase origins, New York: Facts on File, →ISBN
    2. ^ Morris, William (1988), Morris dictionary of word and phrase origins, New York: Harper & Row, →ISBN
    3. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “ham”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

    Anagrams

    Afrikaans

    Etymology

    Inherited from Dutch ham, from Middle Dutch hamme, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hammō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɦam/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: ham
    • Audio:(file)

    Noun

    ham (plural hamme, diminutive hammetjie)

    1. ham (cured pork from the thigh of a swine)

    Caribbean Hindustani

    Etymology

    Inherited from Bhojpuri हम (ham), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme). Cognate with Fiji Hindi ham.

    Pronoun

    ham

    1. I

    References

    • Beknopt Nederland-Sarnami Woordenboek met Sarnami Hindoestani-Nederlanse Woordenlijst‎[2] (in Dutch), Paramaribo: Instituut voor Taalwetenschap, 2002

    Catalan

    Etymology

    Derived from Latin hamus.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    ham m (plural hams)

    1. fishhook

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    Cebuano

    Etymology

    Derived from English ham, from Middle English hamme, from Old English hamm (“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), from Proto-Germanic *hamō, *hammō, *hanmō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).

    Noun

    ham

    1. ham (meat from the thigh of a hog cured for food)

    Chamorro

    Etymology

    From Pre-Chamorro *xami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami. Cognates include Indonesian kami and Tagalog kami.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /hæm/

    Pronoun

    ham

    1. we, us (exclusive)

    Usage notes

    See also

    Chamorro personal pronouns
    singular plural inclusive plural exclusive
    hu-type pronouns
    1st person hu ta in
    2nd person un en
    3rd person ha ma
    yoʼ-type pronouns
    1st person yo' hit ham
    2nd person hao hamyo
    3rd person gue' siha
    emphatic pronouns
    1st person guahu hita hami
    2nd person hagu hamyo
    3rd person guiya siha

    References

    • Donald M. Topping (1973), Chamorro Reference Grammar‎[3], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press

    Chinese

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    ham

    1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, euphemistic) to die

    Synonyms

    Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 死, 亡, 歿, 卒
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 死, 撂, 撂條, 不在 †, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui
    Taiwan 死, 過世 †
    Harbin 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟
    Singapore 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 §
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤
    Wanrong 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡
    Xi'an 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui
    Xining 歿
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui
    Lanzhou 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 †
    Ürümqi 死, 過世 †, 不在 †
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈
    Wuhan 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮
    Guiyang 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤
    Guilin 死
    Liuzhou 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤
    Yangzhou 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 §
    Hefei 死, 不在 †, 老 †
    Cantonese Guangzhou 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot, 唔食廣東米
    Hong Kong 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 移民 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 返天家 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 過身
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 過身
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 過身, 死
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 過身
    Macau 過身, 去
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 過身, 死
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 死
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 過身, 死
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 去歸, 過身
    Foshan 過身, 死
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 死, 過身
    Foshan (Shunde) 過身
    Foshan (Sanshui) 過身
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 死
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 過身
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 死
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 過身, 死
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 死, 過身
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 過身, 死
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 死, 過身
    Taishan 死, 善, 去, 賣鹹鴨蛋
    Kaiping (Chikan) 死, 登仙
    Enping (Niujiang) 過身, 死
    Heshan (Yayao) 死
    Dongguan 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 §
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 死, 過身
    Yangjiang 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 瓜老襯, 瓜柴, 賣鹹鴨蛋, 過身, 死
    Singapore (Guangfu) 死, 過身 †
    Gan Nanchang 死, 過世 †, 老 †
    Lichuan 死
    Pingxiang 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去
    Hakka Meixian 死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡
    Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 過身, 拉柴, 香 †, 據 §
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 過身, 死
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 死, 過身
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 死
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 死, 過身
    Yudu 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 消
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 死, 過身 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
    Hong Kong 過身, 老
    Huizhou Jixi 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤
    Jin Taiyuan 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡
    Xinzhou 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮
    Northern Min Jian'ou 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 §, 硬 §, 除 §, 除宿 §
    Southern Min Xiamen 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, ‡, 百年 †, ‡, 百歲年老 †, ‡, 行去 †, 無去 †, 吭跤翹, 死翹翹, 㾀 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 倒去 †, 行啦 †
    Quanzhou 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, ‡, 百年 †, ‡, 無去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
    Yongchun 死, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Zhangzhou 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, ‡, 百年 †, ‡, 百歲年老 †, ‡, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 §
    Taipei 死去, 老 †, ‡, 過身 †
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 往生 †, 過身 †
    Kaohsiung 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
    Yilan 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 †
    Changhua (Lukang) 死去, 老 †, ‡, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
    Taichung 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †
    Tainan 死去, 老去 †, ‡, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 去蘇州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去蘇州賣鴨卵 †
    Hsinchu 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Kinmen 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 †
    Penghu (Magong) 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Klang (Hokkien) 吭跤翹 †, 起車 †, 過身 †, 死, 死翹翹, 無了
    Singapore (Hokkien) 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, ‡, 百歲 †, ‡, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 †
    Manila (Hokkien) 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 †, 老去 †, ‡
    Chaozhou 死, 過身 †, 過世 †
    Jieyang 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹
    Singapore (Teochew) 死, 過身
    Leizhou 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 §
    Haikou 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 §
    Singapore (Hainanese) 死
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 死
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西
    Wu Shanghai 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 §
    Shanghai (Chongming) 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤
    Suzhou 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 §
    Danyang 死
    Hangzhou 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去
    Shaoxing 死
    Ningbo 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 †
    Wenzhou 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤
    Jinhua 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡
    Xiang Changsha 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎
    Loudi 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 †
    Shuangfeng 死, 過世 †, 故 †
    Hengyang 死
    Note † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

    Czech

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈɦam]
    • Hyphenation: ham

    Interjection

    ham

    1. nom (indicating the action of eating)

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    Danish

    Etymology 1

    From Old Norse hamr, from Proto-Germanic *hamaz, *hamô.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈhɑmˀ/, [ˈhɑ̈mˀ]

    Noun

    ham c (singular definite hammen, plural indefinite hamme)

    1. slough, skin
    Declension
    Declension of ham
    common
    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative ham hammen hamme hammene
    genitive hams hammens hammes hammenes
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    Older hannem, from Old Norse hǫnum, the dative of hann (“he”). Compare Swedish honom.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /hɑm/, [hɑ̈m]

    Pronoun

    ham

    1. (personal) him: objective of han

    See also

    Danish personal pronouns
    Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
    common neuter plural
    Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
    Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
    formal (uncommon) De Dem Deres
    Third masculine (person) han ham hans
    feminine (person) hun hende hendes
    common (noun) den dens
    neuter (noun) det dets
    indefinite man en ens
    reflexive – sig sin sit sine
    Plural First modern vi os vores
    archaic / formal vor vort vore
    Second – I jer jeres
    Third – de dem deres
    reflexive – sig

    References

    Dutch

    Etymology

    Inherited from Middle Dutch hamme, from Old Dutch *hama, from Proto-Germanic *hammō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɦɑm/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: ham
    • Rhymes: -ɑm
    • Homophone: Ham

    Noun

    ham f (plural hammen, diminutive hammetje n)

    1. ham (cured pork from the thigh of a swine)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • → Papiamentu: ham

    Fiji Hindi

    Etymology

    Inherited from Awadhi हम (ham), Bhojpuri हम (ham).

    Pronoun

    ham

    1. I (1st person singular personal pronoun)
      Ham khelegaa!
      I will play!

    Fyer

    Etymology

    Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”).

    Noun

    ham

    1. water

    References

    • Roger Blench, Ron Comparative Wordlist
    • Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
      […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
      (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Ron *ham [GT]: Fyer & Bks. & DB & Sha ham, Klr. ˀaàm […]
    • Václav Blažek, A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, in In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122

    Galician

    Verb

    ham

    1. (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural present indicative of haver

    German

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ham/

    Verb

    ham

    1. (colloquial) contraction of haben; pronunciation spelling of haben
      Wir ham grad gefrühstückt. ― We've just had breakfast.
      • 2017 April 25, Martin Thoma, “Zeitlos hässlich”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎[5], Berlin: taz, die tageszeitung Verlagsgenossenschaft eG, →ISSN, archived from the original on 18 October 2026:
        Außerdem ist es ein bisschen obszön und spekuliert auf Empörung: Die kleinen Leute ham kein Geld und die Mode-Fuzzis geben 2.000 Euro für einen Ikea-Beutel aus!
        It's also a bit obscene and hopes to rely on outrage: Little people got no money, and the fashion types spend 2000 euros on an Ikea bag!

    Usage notes

    Usually used in the present or to form the perfect, though it may be seen in the infinitive as well. See also the pronunciation section at haben.

    See also

    Irish

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [haːmˠ], [hamˠ]

    Noun

    ham m

    1. h-prothesized form of am

    Laz

    Pronoun

    ham

    1. Latin spelling of ჰამ (ham)

    Middle English

    Etymology 1

      Inherited from Old English ham, hamm (“enclosure”), from Proto-West Germanic *hamm, from Proto-Germanic *hammaz.

      Alternative forms

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ham/

      Noun

      ham (plural hammes)

      1. An enclosed pasture.

      References

      Etymology 2

      Noun

      ham

      1. alternative form of hamme (“back of the knee”)

      Etymology 3

      Pronoun

      ham

      1. alternative form of hem (“them”)

      Etymology 4

      Pronoun

      ham

      1. (Early Middle English) alternative form of hem (“them”)
        • c1225, Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene, ed. S. T. R. O. d'Ardenne, pp. 3-71.
          [Juliana] custe ham coss os peis [Roy: acos of pes] alle as ha stoden.

      Etymology 5

      Noun

      ham

      2. (Early Middle English, Northern) alternative form of hom (“home”)

      Middle French

      Noun

      ham m (plural hams)

      1. village

      Montol

      Etymology

      Cognate with Mwaghavul am (“water”).

      Noun

      hàm

      1. water

      References

      • Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
        […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
        (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Tal hàm [Jng./JI], Mnt. hàm "Wasser" [Jng. 1965, 171], […]

      North Frisian

      Pronoun

      ham

      1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Object case of hi: him, himself
      2. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Object case of hat: it, (in practice chiefly) itself
      3. (Föhr-Amrum) Object case of hat: her, herself

      Alternative forms

      See also

      Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
      personal possessive
      subject case object case masculine referent feminine / neuter referent plural referent
      full reduced full reduced attributive independent
      singular 1st ik 'k mi man min minen
      2nd dü – di dan din dinen
      3rd m hi 'r ham 'n san sin sinen
      f or n hat at, 't at, 't
      plural 1st wi 'f üs üüs üüsen
      üsens
      2nd jam 'm jam jau jauen
      jamens
      3rd jo 's jo 's hör hören
      hörens
      • The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
      • At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
      • Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör.
      • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
      • The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
      Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
      personal possessive
      subject case object case masculine
      referent       		feminine / neuter / plural
      referent
      full reduced full reduced
      singular 1st ik 'k me man min
      2nd dü – de dan din
      3rd m hi 'r ham 'n san sin
      f jü 's har 's harn har
      n hat et, 't ham et, 't san sin
      plural 1st we üs üüsen üüs
      2nd jam 'm jam jarnge
      3rd ja 's ja, jam 's jare

      The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
      Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
      Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

      Norwegian Bokmål

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ham/, [hamː]
      • Rhymes: -am
      • Hyphenation: ham

      Etymology 1

      Borrowed from Danish ham (“him”), from Old Danish hanum, the dative singular of han (“he”), subsequently generalized as an object form.[1] See han (“he”) for the pronoun's disputed earlier origin.

      Compare Old Norse hánum, honum, Swedish honom, Icelandic honum, Faroese honum and Norn honon (“him”).

      Pronoun

      ham (nominative han, possessive hans, plural dem)

      1. him; the object form of han (“he”), used as a direct or indirect object and after prepositions.
        Jeg så ham i går. ― I saw him yesterday.
        Hun ga ham en gave. ― She gave him a present.
        Vi ventet på ham. ― We waited for him.
        Synonym: han (“him”)
        • 1930, “Jobs bok”, in Bibelen‎[6], 9:13:
          Gud holder ikke sin vrede tilbake; under ham måtte Rahabs hjelpere bøie sig.
          God does not hold back his anger; beneath him the helpers of Rahab had to bow.
        • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie‎[7], page 25:
          hun blev ham og han blev hende tro
          She remained faithful to him, and he to her.
        • 1925, Herman Wildenvey, Fiken av Tistler‎[8], page 131:
          og gaar du paa gaten en dag med en herre, saa hviskes det ogsaa i klynger og klikker: Det er noget galt med ham der og han derre
          And if one day you walk down the street with a gentleman, people whisper in their little groups and cliques: There is something wrong with that fellow and that other one.
        • 1990, Jan Wiese, Kvinnen som kledte seg naken for sin elskede‎[9], page 10:
          bekreftelsen på Guds kjærlighet til oss og vår tro på Ham
          the confirmation of God’s love for us and our faith in Him
        • 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, “Synnøve Solbakken”, in Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons Fortællinger‎[10], page 98:
          Han far pryglte ham
          Father beat him.
        ham om det — that's his business; that's up to him.
        Hvis han vil nekte, så ham om det. ― If he wants to refuse, that's his business.
        • 2010, Lars Saabye Christensen, Bernhard Hvals forsnakkelser‎[11]:
          ja, hva ellers, enn ham om det
          yes, what else but “that is his business”
        1. (metonymic) him; referring to a man's works, especially those of a writer or artist.
          Jeg liker Ibsen og leser ham ofte. ― I like Ibsen and often read his works.
          • 2016, Selma Lønning Aarø, Hennes løgnaktige ytre‎[12], page 167:
            Goebbels [skal] visstnok ha hatt ham på veggen hjemme
            Goebbels [is said to] have had him [i.e. pictures by Munch] hanging on the wall at home.
      2. (colloquial) Used before a male personal name when the name phrase is an object or follows a preposition.
        Jeg var hos ham Per i går. ― I visited Per yesterday.
        • 1909, Jacob B. Bull, Jutulskaret‎[13], page 100:
          efter al sorg med ham Kristen Storaker, som var faren
          after all the sorrow involving Kristen Storaker, who was the father
        • 1913, Ove Arthur Ansteinsson, Svartskogen‎[14], page 128:
          Det var det hun skulde hos ham Jens Svingen idag.
          That was what she was going to Jens Svingen’s to do today.
        • 1917, Hans Aanrud, Fortællinger for barn‎[15], volume I, page 159:
          Det har været værst for ham Kraakaaper
          It has been hardest on Kraakaaper.
        • 1923, Hans Aanrud, Jo-karerne i Skarvangen‎[16], page 160:
          du skal ta med dig Kristin til ham Storjo i Skarvangen
          You are to take Kristin with you to Storjo at Skarvangen.
      3. (dialectal) it; referring to the weather or conditions at sea.
        Vinden var sterk, men de trosset ham og rodde ut. ― The wind was strong, but they braved it and rowed out.
        • 1949, Andreas Markusson, Gjennom brenningen‎[17], page 14:
          de hadde seilt ham mange ganger før
          they had sailed in such weather many times before
      Usage notes
      • Ham and han are both standard object forms in Bokmål. The use of ham is optional; it does not require han to be avoided as an object.[2]
      • Ham is not an ordinary subject form. Both det er han and det er ham (“it is him”) are accepted as predicative constructions. Both forms also occur after comparisons: eldre enn han/ham (“older than him”).
      • The ordinary reflexive object form is seg (“himself”): Han så seg i speilet (“He saw himself in the mirror”), whereas Han så ham i speilet means “He saw him in the mirror”, referring to another person.
      • The pronoun is normally written with a lowercase initial, including when referring to God. Capitalized Ham occurs in religious writing.[3]
      See also
      • han (“he; him”)
      • hans (“his”)
      • henne (“her”)
      • seg (“himself; herself; itself; themselves”)
      Norwegian Bokmål personal pronouns
      Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
      masculine feminine neuter plural
      Singular First – jeg meg min mi mitt mine
      Second general du deg din di ditt dine
      formal (rare) De Dem Deres
      Third masculine (person) han ham / han hans
      feminine (person) hun henne hennes
      masculine (noun) den dens
      feminine (noun)
      neuter (noun) det dets
      reflexive – seg sin si sitt sine
      Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
      Second general dere deres
      formal (very rare) De Dem Deres
      Third general de dem deres
      reflexive – seg sin si sitt sine

      Etymology 2

      A snake's shed skin (ham).

      Inherited from Old Norse hamr (“skin; covering; shape”), from Proto-Germanic *hamaz (“covering; skin”), related to *hamô (“covering; skin”), of uncertain further origin. The guardian-spirit sense may reflect an older sense “caul”, associated in folk belief with a child's soul and protective spirit.

      Cognate with Danish ham (“skin; slough”), Icelandic hamur (“skin; form”), Swedish hamn (“shape; apparition”), Old English hama (“covering; skin”) and obsolete English hame.

      Noun

      ham m (definite singular hammen, indefinite plural hammer, definite plural hammene)

      1. (zoology) An animal's outer covering, especially one that is shed or renewed; skin, slough, coat or plumage.
        Slangen hadde lagt igjen hammen sin mellom steinene. ― The snake had left its shed skin between the stones.
        skifte ham, skyte ham, kaste hammen — to shed one's skin or moult.
        Slangen gjemte seg mens den skiftet ham. ― The snake hid while it was shedding its skin.
        • 1916, Ejlert Bjerke, Den sunkne lotus‎[18], page 152:
          mellem nogen sivstranter har en leviatan av en sandorm nylig skubbet sin hamm av sig
          Among some reed stalks, a leviathan of a sandworm has recently shed its skin.
        • 1932, Margarete Bonnevie, Ekteskap og arbeide‎[19], page 125:
          Hannene er utstyrt med de praktfulleste fjær og de vakreste hammer.
          The males are endowed with the most magnificent feathers and the most beautiful plumage.
      2. (figurative) A guise; an outward appearance, form or character.
        Den gamle restauranten åpnet igjen i ny ham. ― The old restaurant reopened in a new guise.
        • 1945, Solvejg Eriksen, Hele Norges Lalla‎[20], page 45:
          Chat Noir […] har den fjerde hammen på
          Chat Noir […] is wearing its fourth guise.
        • 1918, Gabriel Scott, Kilden‎[21], page 1:
          et menneske kommer til verden, det vandrer rundt i en ham av støv
          A human being comes into the world and wanders about in a guise of dust.
        • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎[22], page 11:
          ja, en løgn kan endevendes, […] klædes i en nygjort ham
          Yes, a lie can be turned inside out […] and clothed in a newly made guise.
        skifte ham — to change one's appearance or character completely.
        Partiet har skiftet ham siden forrige valg. ― The party has transformed itself since the last election.
        • 1923, Bernhard Folkestad, Blaa hjul‎[23], page 45:
          markerne laa og skiftet ham
          The fields lay there changing their appearance.
        • 1918, Gabriel Scott, Kilden‎[24], page 107:
          da er de saa blide og snilde, […] at en kan tro de har skiftet ham
          Then they are so cheerful and kind […] that one might think they had become different people.
        • 2021, Jan Kjærstad, En tid for å leve, page 72:
          dette å kunne skifte ham, stige frem på en klippe og snakke som en annen
          Being able to change one’s guise, step forward onto a rock, and speak as someone else.
        skyte ham — to shed one form and assume another.
        Landskapet skyter ham når våren kommer. ― The landscape takes on a new appearance when spring arrives.
        • 2004, Levi Henriksen, Snø vil falle over snø som har falt‎[25], page 69:
          Se Glomma skyte ham fra å være svanger og flomdiger, til å bli slunken og full av sandbanker
          Watch the Glomma shed its skin, changing from swollen and heavy with floodwater to shrunken and full of sandbanks.
        kaste hammen — to cast off a guise or a restrictive outward form.
        På scenen kastet hun hammen og ble en annen. ― On stage she cast off her usual guise and became someone else.
        • 1945, Solvejg Eriksen, Hele Norges Lalla‎[26], page 205:
          Chat Noirs frispråk får folk til å kaste hammen av ufrihet og bundethet
          Chat Noir’s frank speech makes people cast off the guise of unfreedom and constraint.
      3. (folklore) A shape or form, especially an animal form, assumed through magic.
        Trollmannen viste seg i en ulvs ham. ― The sorcerer appeared in the form of a wolf.
        • 1879, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr‎[27], page 244:
          dette [mennesket] var hvidbjørnen, som kastede hammen af sig om natten
          This [person] was the polar bear, who cast off his animal skin at night.
      4. (folklore) An attendant or guardian spirit, sometimes heard or seen before the arrival of the person it accompanies; a vardøger.
        De hørte hammen hans i gangen før han kom hjem. ― They heard his forerunner spirit in the hallway before he came home.
        • 1844, Andreas Faye, Norske Folke-Sagn‎[28], 3rd edition, published 1948, pages 69–70:
          Paa nogle Steder kaldes de Følgie eller Fylgie, paa andre Vardøgl, Vardygr, Vardivil eller Valdøiel; og stundom Ham, Hugham og Hau.
          In some places they are called Følgie or Fylgie, in others Vardøgl, Vardygr, Vardivil or Valdøiel; and sometimes Ham, Hugham and Hau.
      5. (folklore) A ghost or apparition.
        De trodde den bleke skikkelsen var en ham. ― They thought the pale figure was a ghost.
        • 1911, Olaf Benneche, Rygnestadgutten‎[29], page 139:
          først tænkte de det var en ham; men saa forstod de […] det var et fattig menneske
          At first they thought it was a ghost, but then they realized […] that it was a poor human being.
        • 1909, Rikard Berge and Sophus Bugge, Norske eventyr og sagn‎[30], page 34:
          da [tussen] begyndte at blæse, blev det slig vind at gutten fór tilveirs som en ham og holdt paa at flagre op under taget
          When [the goblin] began to blow, such a wind arose that the boy flew into the air like a ghost and nearly fluttered up under the roof.
      Derived terms
      • dyreham (“animal form”)
      • engleham (“angelic form; angel's robe”) (literary)
      • fugleham (“bird form; plumage”)
      • hamlet (“complexion”) (chiefly dialectal)
      • hamløper (“shapeshifter”)
      • hamskifte (“moulting; transformation”)
      • hugham (“forerunner spirit”) (dialectal)
      • manneham (“human form”) (dialectal)
      • trollham (“troll form; enchanted form”)
      • vinterham (“winter coat; winter plumage”)
      • hamferd (“journey in another form”)
      • hams (“husk; outer covering”)

      References

      1. ^ Ivar Berg (2013), review of Agnete Nesse, Innføring i norsk språkhistorie, in Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift, volume 31, issue 2, page 292.
      2. ^ “Reglene for bruk av hun og henne”, Språkrådet.
      3. ^ “Stor eller liten forbokstav”, Språkrådet.
      • “ham” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
      • “ham” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
      • “ham” in Store norske leksikon

      Norwegian Nynorsk

      Etymology

      Derived from Old Norse hamr.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /hɑːm/

      Noun

      ham m (definite singular hamen, indefinite plural hamar, definite plural hamane)

      1. skin or slough (discarded skin of certain animals)

      Derived terms

      References

      Old English

      Etymology 1

        Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /xɑːm/, [hɑːm]
        • Rhymes: -ɑːm

        Noun

        hām m

        1. home
          • variously c. 893 – 12th century CE, entry for year {{{entry}}}, in Benjamin Thorpe, ed. and transl., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, According to the Several Original Authorities, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, published 1861, page 99:
            Ōsrēd, þe wæs Norþanhymbra cining, æfter wræcsīþe hām cumenum ġelǣht wæs ⁊ ofslagen on XVIII Kƚ Octoƀ ⁊ his līc liġþ æt Tīnamūþe. ⁊ Æþelrēd cining feng tō nīwan wīfe, sēo wæs Ælflēd ġehāten, on III Kƚ Octobr̃.
            Osred, who was king of Northumbrian, was apprehended and slain on the 17th of October after coming home from his exile, and his body lies at Tynemouth. And King Aethelred took a new wife, whose name was Aelfled, on the third of October.
          • c. 989–992 CE, Ælfric of Eynsham, “The Assumption of St. John the Apostle” (IV), in Benjamin Thorpe, F.S.A., ed. and transl., The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church, volume I, London: Richard and John E. Taylor, published 1844, page 60:
            Ða het se apostol ða bære settan, and cwæð, "Min Drihten, Hælend Crist! Arære ðe, Drusiana; aris, and ġecyrr hām, and gearca ús gereordunge on þinum hūse." Drusiana þa arás swilce of slæpe awreht, and, carfull be ðæs apostoles hæse, hām gewende.
            Then the apostle bade them set down the bier, and said, "My Lord, Jesus Christ! Raise thee, Drusiana; arise, and return home, and prepare refection for us in thy house." Drusiana then arose as if from sleep awakened, and, mindful of the apostle's command, returned home.
        2. property, estate, farm
          • 996–997, Ælfric of Eynsham, “Saint Maur, Abbot”, in Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M.A., ed. and transl., Aelfric's Lives of Saints (Early English Text Society original series 76), volume I, London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1881, page 161:
            ...and forġeaf sumne hām tō þǣre hālgan stōwe...
            ...and gave certain property to the holy place...
        3. village; community
        Usage notes
        • In early Old English, the dative singular was always hām, not the expected form hāme.
        Declension

        Strong a-stem:

        singular plural
        nominative hām hāmas
        accusative hām hāmas
        genitive hāmes hāma
        dative hām, hāme hāmum
        Derived terms

        Adverb

        hām

        1. home, homeward

        Descendants

        Etymology 2

        Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hammaz. Cognate with Old Frisian ham, Middle Low German hamme (Low Low German Hamm).

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /xɑm/, [hɑm]
        • Rhymes: -ɑm

        Noun

        ham m

        1. alternative form of hamm (“enclosure”)

        Etymology 3

        Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hammō.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /xɑm/, [hɑm]
        • Rhymes: -ɑm

        Noun

        ham f

        1. alternative form of hamm (“inner knee”)

        Etymology 4

        Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ham, from Proto-Germanic *hamaz (“covering”). Cognate with Old Norse hamr.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /xɑm/, [hɑm]
        • Rhymes: -ɑm

        Noun

        ham m

        1. covering
        2. garment, dress, gown; shirt
        Declension

        Strong a-stem:

        singular plural
        nominative ham hamas
        accusative ham hamas
        genitive hames hama
        dative hame hamum

        Old French

        Etymology

          Borrowed from Frankish *haim (“home, village”).

          Noun

          ham oblique singular, m (oblique plural hans, nominative singular hans, nominative plural ham)

          1. village

          Descendants

          Old Frisian

          Ēn hām

          Alternative forms

          Etymology

          Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haim. Cognates include Old English hām and Old Saxon hēm.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ˈhaːm/

          Noun

          hām m

          1. home

          Descendants

          • North Frisian: hamm
          • Saterland Frisian: Heem
          • West Frisian: hiem

          References

          • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

          Old Norse

          Noun

          ham

          1. accusative/dative singular of hamr

          Rohingya

          Noun

          ham

          1. work

          Derived terms

          • hammwa
          • kuham

          Romanian

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ham/
          • Rhymes: -am

          Etymology 1

            Borrowed from Hungarian hám.

            Noun

            ham n (plural hamuri)

            1. harness
            Declension
            singular plural
            indefinite definite indefinite definite
            nominative-accusative ham hamul hamuri hamurile
            genitive-dative ham hamului hamuri hamurilor
            vocative hamule hamurilor
            Derived terms

            Etymology 2

            Onomatopoeic.

            Interjection

            ham!

            1. woof (the sound a barking dog makes)

            See also

            Ron

            Etymology

            Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”).

            Noun

            ham

            1. (most dialects, including Mangar, Bokkos, Daffo-Butura, Shagawu) water

            Synonyms

            • àyîn (Monguna)

            References

            • Roger Blench, Ron Comparative Wordlist
            • Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
              […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
              (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Ron *ham [GT]: Fyer & Bks. & DB & Sha ham, Klr. ˀaàm […]

            Serbo-Croatian

            Alternative forms

            Etymology

            Borrowed from Hungarian hám.

            Noun

            hȃm m inan (Cyrillic spelling ха̑м)

            1. harness

            Sha

            Etymology

            Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”).

            Noun

            ham

            1. water

            References

            Tal

            Etymology

            Cognate with Mwaghavul am (“water”).

            Noun

            hàm

            1. water

            References

            • Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
              […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
              (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Tal hàm [Jng./JI], Mnt. hàm "Wasser" [Jng. 1965, 171], […]

            Tambas

            Etymology

            Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”).

            Noun

            ham

            1. water

            References

            Turkish

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /hɑm/
            • Audio:(file)

            Etymology 1

              Derived from Persian خام (xâm).

              Adjective

              ham

              1. (of fruit) unripe
                Synonym: olmamış
              2. (of a substance) raw, unprocessed, crude
                Synonym: çiğ
                • 2026, Pinhani, “Her Şey Sen Kokuyor”:
                  Artık dersim' aldım yalnızlıktan
                  Hamdım, piştim, yandım çoktan
                  Sen de keşke affetseydin beni
                  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
              3. (figurative) out of shape, unconditioned, untrained
                Synonyms: idmansız, antrenmansız
              4. (figurative) unrealistic, half-baked, impractical
              5. (figurative) (of a person) crude, unrefined, socially inept
              Declension
              Predicative forms of ham
              present tense
              positive declarative positive interrogative
              ben (I am) hamım ham mıyım?
              sen (you are) hamsın ham mısın?
              o (he/she/it is) ham / hamdır ham mı?
              biz (we are) hamız ham mıyız?
              siz (you are) hamsınız ham mısınız?
              onlar (they are) ham(lar) ham(lar) mı?
              past tense
              positive declarative positive interrogative
              ben (I was) hamdım ham mıydım?
              sen (you were) hamdın ham mıydın?
              o (he/she/it was) hamdı ham mıydı?
              biz (we were) hamdık ham mıydık?
              siz (you were) hamdınız ham mıydınız?
              onlar (they were) hamdılar ham mıydılar?
              indirect past
              positive declarative positive interrogative
              ben (I was) hammışım ham mıymışım?
              sen (you were) hammışsın ham mıymışsın?
              o (he/she/it was) hammış ham mıymış?
              biz (we were) hammışız ham mıymışız?
              siz (you were) hammışsınız ham mıymışsınız?
              onlar (they were) hammışlar ham mıymışlar?
              conditional
              positive declarative positive interrogative
              ben (if I) hamsam ham mıysam?
              sen (if you) hamsan ham mıysan?
              o (if he/she/it) hamsa ham mıysa?
              biz (if we) hamsak ham mıysak?
              siz (if you) hamsanız ham mıysanız?
              onlar (if they) hamsalar ham mıysalar?

              For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

              Etymology 2

                Derived from Persian خم (xam).

                Adjective

                ham

                1. (obsolete) bent, curved, folded
                Declension
                Predicative forms of ham
                present tense
                positive declarative positive interrogative
                ben (I am) hamım ham mıyım?
                sen (you are) hamsın ham mısın?
                o (he/she/it is) ham / hamdır ham mı?
                biz (we are) hamız ham mıyız?
                siz (you are) hamsınız ham mısınız?
                onlar (they are) ham(lar) ham(lar) mı?
                past tense
                positive declarative positive interrogative
                ben (I was) hamdım ham mıydım?
                sen (you were) hamdın ham mıydın?
                o (he/she/it was) hamdı ham mıydı?
                biz (we were) hamdık ham mıydık?
                siz (you were) hamdınız ham mıydınız?
                onlar (they were) hamdılar ham mıydılar?
                indirect past
                positive declarative positive interrogative
                ben (I was) hammışım ham mıymışım?
                sen (you were) hammışsın ham mıymışsın?
                o (he/she/it was) hammış ham mıymış?
                biz (we were) hammışız ham mıymışız?
                siz (you were) hammışsınız ham mıymışsınız?
                onlar (they were) hammışlar ham mıymışlar?
                conditional
                positive declarative positive interrogative
                ben (if I) hamsam ham mıysam?
                sen (if you) hamsan ham mıysan?
                o (if he/she/it) hamsa ham mıysa?
                biz (if we) hamsak ham mıysak?
                siz (if you) hamsanız ham mıysanız?
                onlar (if they) hamsalar ham mıysalar?

                For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

                Turkmen

                Other scripts
                Latin ham
                Cyrillic хам
                Arabic خام

                Etymology

                Borrowed from Classical Persian خَام (xām).

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): [χɑːm]

                Adjective

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                ham (comparative hamrak, superlative iň ham)

                1. leathern
                2. raw, crude
                  Synonym: çig

                Noun

                ham (definite accusative hamy, plural hamlar)

                1. hide, skin, leather
                  Synonyms: gaýyş, deri, çerim, gön, teletin

                Declension

                Declension of ham
                singular plural
                nominative ham hamlar
                accusative hamy hamlary
                genitive hamyň hamlaryň
                dative hama hamlara
                locative hamda hamlarda
                ablative hamdan hamlardan

                Derived terms

                • ham-hyýal

                Further reading

                • “ham” in Enedilim.com
                • “ham” in Webonary.org

                Upper Sorbian

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): /ˈɦam/

                Noun

                ham m inan

                1. The name of the Latin script letter H/h.

                See also

                Vietnamese

                Etymology

                Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 噉 (SV: hám).

                Pronunciation

                Adjective

                ham • (歆, 𫺧, 噷)

                1. greedy
                  ham chơi ― (disapproving) to be obsessed with fooling around
                2. eager; keen

                Derived terms

                See also

                Vilamovian

                ham

                Alternative forms

                Etymology

                From Middle High German heim, from Old High German heim, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“home, village”).

                Noun

                ham n

                1. home
                  Synonym: haojs

                West Frisian

                Etymology

                Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hammō. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

                Noun

                ham c (plural hammen, diminutive hamke)

                1. ham

                Further reading

                • “ham (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

                Yola

                Alternative forms

                Etymology

                From Middle English hem, him, from Old English him.

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): /ham/, /ɛm/, /hɪm/

                Pronoun

                ham

                1. him
                  • 1867, “GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY“, page 36:
                    Ich drowe ham,
                    I threw him.

                Derived terms

                References

                • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 36

                Zou

                Etymology 1

                From Proto-Kuki-Chin *hraam (“to moan”). Cognates include Mizo hrǎam.

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): [hǎːm]
                • Hyphenation: ham

                Verb

                ha̋m (stem II hȁm)

                1. (intransitive) to talk
                2. (intransitive) to speak
                Derived terms

                Etymology 2

                (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): [hǎːm]
                • Hyphenation: ham

                Verb

                ha̋m (stem II [please provide])

                1. (transitive) to cut down
                2. (transitive) to mow down

                Etymology 3

                (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): [hʌ̀m]
                • Hyphenation: ham

                Verb

                hàm (stem II [please provide])

                1. (transitive) to untie

                Etymology 4

                From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ham.

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): [hʌ́m]
                • Hyphenation: ham

                Verb

                hám (stem II [please provide])

                1. (stative) to be rough
                2. (stative) to be uneven

                References

                • Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 74; 83
                • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 194
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