jer

See also: jér, Jer, Jer., jêr, and jěř

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Jere.

Symbol

jer

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Jere.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Jere terms

English

Etymology 1

Noun

jer (plural jers)

1. Clipping of jerfalcon.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ер (jer, “ъ”) and ерь (jerʹ, “ь”). First attested in 1763.

Alternative forms

• yer

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /jɛə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /jɛɹ/
• Homophone: yeah (non-rhotic)

Noun

jer (plural jers)

1. (linguistics) Two historical Slavic vowels and their corresponding Cyrillic and Glagolitic letters; the vowels were short (possibly ultrashort), and possibly reduced. They were front jer (ь, Ⱏ) and back jer (ъ, Ⱐ). During the development of Slavic languages in certain positions they underwent weakening and were lost (weak jers), and elsewhere retained (strong jers).
   • 1964, George Y. Shevelov, A Prehistory of Slavic: The Historical Phonology of Common Slavic, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 433:

     In final position after consonants jers are to be reconstructed for all words, except a few prepositions and prefixes

   • 1984, Sunray Cythna Gardiner, Old Church Slavonic: An Elementary Grammar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 23:

     The irregularities in the use of the jers in the [manuscripts] reflect dialectal developments which are part of the history of the Bulgarian and Macedonian languages.

   • 2024, Irena Sawicka, “Vocalism: The Vowels”, in Danko Šipka, Wayles Browne, editors, The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 31:

     In an example like *sъnъ ‘dream’ the first jer was strong and the second one weak

See also

• yery

Anagrams

• JRE

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoe¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoe¹
    • Yale: jēu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoe¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zê¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœː⁵⁵/

Etymology 1

Romanisation of 脧 (zoe¹, “penis”).

Noun

jer

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 脧 (“penis”)

Derived terms

• J

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 追?”)

Verb

jer

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 啫 (“to target, to annoy someone verbally”)

Cornish

Noun

jer

1. soft mutation of cher

Danish

Etymology

Archaic eder, from Old Danish idher, edher, Old Norse yðr, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz (“you (all)”) (see I). Cognate of Norwegian Bokmål dere, Swedish er, English you and German euch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛɐ̯/, [jɛɒ̯̽]

Pronoun

jer

1. (personal) second person plural objective case – you, yourselves

Gothic

Romanization

jēr

1. romanization of 𐌾𐌴𐍂

Kazakh

Noun

jer

1. Latin spelling of жер (jer, “land, earth, soil; country; place; distance”)

Lombard

Etymology

From Late Latin herī (“yesterday”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeːɾ/, /dʒeːɾ/

Adverb

jer

1. yesterday
2. alternative form of ier

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish jer, from older eder, from Old Danish idher, from Old East Norse iðʀ, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Cognate with Swedish eder, er, Norwegian Nynorsk øder, ør, and Icelandic yður.

Pronoun

jer (possessive jer or jeres)

1. (rare or archaic) second person plural objective case – you, yourselves

   Synonyms: dere, (archaic) eder

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• jār, iēr

Etymology

from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”)

Noun

jēr n

1. year

Inflection

Declension of jēr (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	jēr	jēr
accusative	jēr	jēr
genitive	jēres	jēra
dative	jēre	jērum, jērem

Descendants

• North Frisian: juar (Föhr-Amrum), jeer, jäär (Goesharde), djooar (Heligoland), iir (Mooring), Jaar (Sylt)
• Saterland Frisian: Jíer
• West Frisian: jier

References

• Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: jer

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Old Church Slavonic ѥръ (jerŭ)

Russian ер (jer)bor.

Polish jer

Borrowed from Russian ер (jer), from Old Church Slavonic ѥръ (jerŭ).

Noun

jer m inan

1. (linguistics) yer

Declension

Declension of jer

	singular	plural
nominative	jer	jery
genitive	jeru	jerów
dative	jerowi	jerom
accusative	jer	jery
instrumental	jerem	jerami
locative	jerze	jerach
vocative	jerze	jery

Etymology 2

Uncertain.

Noun

jer m animal

1. brambling (Fringilla montifringilla)

Declension

Declension of jer

	singular	plural
nominative	jer	jery
genitive	jera	jerów
dative	jerowi	jerom
accusative	jera	jery
instrumental	jerem	jerami
locative	jerze	jerach
vocative	jerze	jery

Further reading

• “jer”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “jer”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From an earlier jere, from the neuter form of Proto-Slavic *jь že. Compare Slovene ker.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jêr/

Conjunction

jȅr (Cyrillic spelling је̏р)

1. because, for (for the reason)

   Synonyms: jerbo, budući da, pošto

   Jer stalno ponavljaš jedno te isto. ― Beause you say the same thing over and over again. (literally, “Because you are repeating one and the same.”)

References

• “jer”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Vilamovian

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

jer m (feminine jeny, neuter jes)

1. that, that one