dir

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dir"

Translingual

Symbol

dir

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dirim.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Dirim terms

English

Alternative forms

Noun

dir (plural dirs)

  1. Abbreviation of direction.
  2. (computing) Abbreviation of directory.
  3. Abbreviation of director.

Adjective

dir (not comparable)

  1. Abbreviation of direct.

Adverb

dir

  1. Abbreviation of directly.

Anagrams

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin dicere.

Verb

dir

  1. to say

Asturian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding conjugations of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from forms of Latin esse.

Verb

dir

  1. to go

Conjugation

Conjugation of dir
infinitive dir
gerundive diendo
participle m díu, f día, n dío, m pl díos, f pl díes
person first singular
yo 		second singular
tu 		third singular
él/elli 		first plural
nosotros/nós 		second plural
vosotros/vós 		third plural
ellos
indicative present vo/voi vas va vamos vais van
imperfect diba dibes diba díbamos/díbemos dibais/dibeis diben
preterite fui fosti/fuesti/fuisti fo/foi fomos/fuemos/fuimos fostis/fuestis/fuistis foron/fueron
pluperfect fora/fore/fuera/fuere foras/fores/fueras/fueres fora/fore/fuera/fuere fóramos/fóremos/fuéramos/fuéremos forais/foreis/fuerais/fuereis foran/foren/fueran/fueren
future diré dirás dirá diremos diréis dirán
conditional diría diríes diría diríamos/diríemos diríais/diríeis diríen
subjunctive present fora/vaiga/vaya foras/vaigas/vayas fora/vaiga/vaya vaigamos/vayamos vaigáis/vayáis foran/vaigan/vayan
imperfect fora/fore/fuera/fuere foras/fores/fueras/fueres fora/fore/fuera/fuere fóramos/fóremos/fuéramos/fuéremos forais/foreis/fuerais/fuereis foran/foren/fueran/fueren
imperative ve díi
  • From OSLIN-AST Lexicón abiertu de la llingua asturiana [1].

Bavarian

Pronoun

dir

  1. alternative spelling of dia (“you”, dative)

Breton

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /diʁ/

Noun

dir m

  1. steel

Catalan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱeti (“to show, point out”). Compare Occitan dire or díser, French dire, and Spanish decir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Northwestern) [ˈdi]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈdiɾ]
  • Audio (Catalonia):(file)

Verb

dir (first-person singular present dic, first-person singular preterite diguí, past participle dit)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to say, to pronounce
  2. (transitive) to say, to tell
    Va dir una mentida.
    She told a lie.
    Li dèiem que cuinés el sopar.
    We told him to cook dinner.
  3. (transitive) to call, to refer to as
  4. (reflexive) to be named, to be called
    Com et dius? ― What's your name?

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of dir (mixed conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)
infinitive dir
gerund dient
past participle masculine feminine
singular dit dita
plural dits dites
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present dic dius diu diem dieu diuen
imperfect deia deies deia dèiem dèieu deien
future diré diràs dirà direm direu diran
preterite diguí digueres digué diguérem diguéreu digueren
conditional diria diries diria diríem diríeu dirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present digui diguis digui diguem digueu diguin
imperfect digués diguessis digués diguéssim diguéssiu diguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — digues digui diguem digueu diguin
negative (no) — no diguis no digui no diguem no digueu no diguin

Balearic has deis and Valencian has dis as the second-person plural present indicative form. This is similar to French dire having dites as the standard form instead of the expected disez, and contemporary Italian dire having dite as the standard form in place of the expected dicete.

Derived terms

Further reading

German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

Pronunciation

  • (standard) IPA(key): /diːɐ̯/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
  • (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA(key): /dɐ/, /də/
  • Audio (Germany (Berlin)):(file)

Pronoun

dir

  1. (personal) dative of du; you, to you.
  2. (reflexive pronoun) dative of du; yourself, to yourself.

Further reading

  • “dir” in Duden online

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French dire (“to say”).

Verb

dir

  1. (Saint-Domingue) to say, to tell
    Mo prié vou tant seulement vou pas dir personne à rien. ― I just ask that you don't tell anyone a thing.

Descendants

  • Haitian Creole: di

References

  • S. J. Ducœurjoly (1802), Manuel des habitans de Saint-Domingue [Manual of the Inhabitants of Saint-Domingue]‎[2] (in French), Paris

Italian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdir/
  • Rhymes: -ir
  • Hyphenation: dìr

Verb

dir (apocopated)

  1. apocopic form of dire

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

  • der (unstressed)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /diːr/, [diə̯], [ˈdiː.ɐ]
  • Rhymes: -iːə
  • Homophones: dier, Dier, Dir

Etymology 1

From Old High German dir.

Pronoun

dir

  1. second-person singular, dative: you; thee
    Ech hunn dir e Bréif geschéckt.
    I have sent you a letter.

Etymology 2

From Old High German ir. The d- is through unetymological segmentation of the ending -t of a preceding verb (*stitt ir → *stiddir → stitt dir). This development was assisted by a parallelism with the 1st person, in which the dative singular mir is also the nominative plural (this latter development occurred for a similar reason, but was earlier and is widespread throughout High German).

Pronoun

dir

  1. second-person plural, nominative: you; you all; ye
    Hutt dir gutt geschlof?
    Have you slept well?
Derived terms
  • Dir (singular and plural polite form)

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
singular 1st person ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person informal du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
formal Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person m hien en hien en him em sech
f si se si se hir er sech
n hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
plural 1st person mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person si se si se hinnen en sech

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

Etymology

From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere.

Verb

dir

  1. to say

Descendants

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German dir, from Old High German dir, from Proto-West Germanic *þiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þiz. Compare German dir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /diːɐ̯/

Pronoun

dir

  1. dative of du: you, to you

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number singular plural
Person/
Gender 		1st 2nd person 3rd person 1st 2nd 3rd
familiar polite/formal m f n
nominative ich du
de1 		dihr
der1
Sie 		er sie
se1 		es mir
mer1 		dihr
der1 		sie
dative mir
mer1 		dir
der1 		eich
Ihne
Ne1 		ihm
em1 		ihre
re1 		ihm
em1 		uns eich ihne
ne1
accusative mich dich eich
Sie 		ihn
en1 		sie
se1 		es sie

1 unstressed

Romansh

Etymology 1

From Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dir m (feminine singular dira, masculine plural dirs, feminine plural diras)

  1. (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun) hard
Alternative forms

Etymology 2

From a contraction of Latin dīcō, dīcere, from Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”). The origin of some forms starting with sch- likely result from regular elisions of unstressed syllables: dīcēbam → *dcéβa → scheva.

Verb

dir

  1. to say
Conjugation
    Conjugation of dir (Grischun)
infinitive dir
gerund schend
past participle ditg
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present di dis di schain schais din
imperfect scheva schevas scheva schevan schevas schevan
future vegnel a dir vegns a dir vegn a dir vegnin a dir vegnis a dir vegnan a dir
conditional jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present schess schesses schess schessen schesses schessen
future vegness a dir vegnesses a dir vegness a dir vegnessen a dir vegnesses a dir vegnessen a dir
subjunctive che jeu che ti ch'el/ch'ella che nus che vus ch'els/ch'ellas
present dia dias dia dian dias dian
future vegni a dir vegnies a dir vegni a dir vegnîen a dir vegnîes a dir vegnien a dir
imperative — ti — — vus —
di schai
    Conjugation of dir (Sursilvan)
infinitive dir
gerund dend
past participle detg
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present ditgel dias di schein scheis dian
imperfect devel devas deva devan devas devan
future vegnel a dir vegns a dir vegn a dir vegnin a dir vegnis a dir vegnan a dir
conditional jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
direct present schess schesses schess schessen schesses schessen
indirect present schessi schessies schessi schessien schessies schessien
direct future vegness a dir vegnesses a dir vegness a dir vegnessen a dir vegnesses a dir vegnessen a dir
indirect future vegnessi a dir vegnessies a dir vegnessi a dir vegnessien a dir vegnessies a dir vegnessien a dir
subjunctive che jeu che ti ch'el/ch'ella che nus che vus ch'els/ch'ellas
present ditgi ditgies ditgi scheien scheies ditgien
past devi devies devi devien devies devien
future vegni a dir vegnies a dir vegni a dir vegnîen a dir vegnîes a dir vegnien a dir
imperative — ti — — vus —
di schei
Alternative forms

Etymology 3

Noun

dir m (plural dirs)

  1. (anatomy, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) liver
Alternative forms
Synonyms

Somali

Verb

dir

  1. send

Tolai

Pronoun

dir

  1. Third-person dual pronoun: they two, them two

Declension

Tolai personal pronouns
singular dual paucal plural
1st person
exclusive 		iau amir
mir 		amital
mital 		avet
ave1
1st person
inclusive 		- dor datal dat
da1
2nd person u amur
mur 		amutal
mutal 		avat
ava1
3rd person ia
i 		dir
di 		dital diat
dia1

1) The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

Venetan

Etymology

From a contraction of Latin dīcere (compare Italian dire), present active infinitive of dīcō.

Verb

dir

  1. (transitive) to say, tell
  2. (transitive) to affirm

Conjugation

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of dir (second conjugation, irregular)
infinitive dir
auxiliary verb aver gerund déndo
past participle dito, dixésto
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present do (te) di, (te) dixi (el/ła) de démo dì (i/łe) de
imperfect déa (te) divi, (te) dixivi (el/ła) déa dévimo divi (i/łe) déa
future darò (te) darè (el/ła) darà darémo darè (i/łe) darà
conditional darìa (te) darisi (el/ła) darìa darìsimo darisi (i/łe) darìa
subjunctive che mi che ti che eło / eła che noialtri / noialtre che voialtri / voialtre che łuri / łore
present da (te) di (el/ła) da démo dì (i/łe) da
imperfect dése (te) disi (el/ła) dése désimo disi (i/łe) dése
imperative — ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
— (te) di (el/ła) da démo dì (i/łe) da

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /diːr/
  • Homophone: dur (South Wales)

Etymology 1

Adjective

dir (feminine singular dir, plural dir, comparative dirach, equative dired, superlative diraf)

  1. (obsolete) sure, certain, true
    Synonyms: sicr, gwir, gwirioneddol
  2. (obsolete) inevitable, inexorable
    Synonyms: anochel, anorfod
Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of dir
radical soft nasal aspirate
dir ddir nir unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

dir

  1. soft mutation of tir (“land”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of tir
radical soft nasal aspirate
tir dir nhir thir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “dir”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “dir”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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