joder
Spanish
Alternative forms
- foder, hoder (obsolete)
- jolín, jo, jolines, jobar (euphemistic)
- joer, joe, joé (pronunciation spelling)
- jdr (censored spelling, Internet slang)
Etymology
From older *hoder, from Old Spanish foder, from Latin futuere, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”). The unexpected initial /x/ instead of the initial consonant getting silent comes from the frequent emphasis on the /h/ sound perhaps because it was a vulgar word. Compare Spanish jamelgo from Latin famelicus. Cognate with English footle, Catalan fotre, French foutre, Italian fottere, Portuguese foder, Galician foder, Romanian fute, and Sicilian fùttiri. Attested since 18th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xoˈdeɾ/ [xoˈð̞eɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- IPA(key): (alternatively for the interjection) /ˌxoˈdeɾ/ [ˌxoˈð̞eɾ]
Audio (Venezuela): (file) - Rhymes: -eɾ
- IPA(key): /xoˈe(ɾ)/ [hoˈe(ɾ)] (Caribbean, southern Spain)
- Rhymes: -e(ɾ)
- Syllabification: jo‧der
Verb
joder (first-person singular present jodo, first-person singular preterite jodí, past participle jodido) (vulgar)
- (transitive) to annoy, bug, bother, irritate
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:molestar
- Deja de joder a mi perro.
- Stop annoying my dog.
- Estábamos jodiéndote.
- We were bothering you.
- Vos te la pasás jodiendo.
- You spend your time messing around.
- 1994, José Ángel Mañas, chapter I, in Historias del Kronen, Barcelona: Ediciones Destino, →ISBN, page 11:
- Me jode ir al Kronen los sábados por la tarde porque está siempre hasta el culo de gente.
- I hate going to the Kronen on Saturday afternoons because it's always filled to the brim with people.
- (intransitive) to tell annoying jokes
- (intransitive) to be very annoying, difficult, tiring (be difficult)
- (reflexive, intransitive) to become ruined, fucked (said of a thing)
- Synonyms: arruinarse, estropearse
- Ya se nos jodió todo el viaje. ― Our whole trip is fucked now.
- Se jodió la fiesta. ― The party got screwed.
- (reflexive, intransitive, Spain) to become ruined, fucked (said of a person)
- Synonyms: irse a la mierda, (Spain) irse a tomar por culo
- ¡Jódete, y que se joda tu madre también!
- Fuck you, and fuck your mother too!
- Me jodí, parece muy difícil.
- I'm screwed, it looks really hard.
- (ambitransitive, Spain, Costa Rica, literally, rare, dated) to fuck, to have sex
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copular
- Oí a mis amigos jodiendo en la otra habitación.
- I heard my friends fucking in the other room.
- 1770, Nicolás Fernández de Moratín, Arte de las putas:
- Y Beatriz, la de las ingles bellas y ojos vivos, el pecho alto y carnoso, y en él dos tinajillas del Toboso; y la resaladísima Antonieta de hambrienta vulva y la Catalineta; la Matilde y famosa Sacristana con el lunar que el muslo la hermosea cuando la echan a vuelo cual campana; la Poderosa, del joder apriesa, con boca de carmín bañada en risa; y la Jacinta, del redondo culo, la Clara, que al nombrarla, en mi bragueta y en mi miembro efundió tanta lujuria cuanta de Clara el sucio nombre encierra; la Margarita de abultado chocho, que hace creer al majadero indiano que únicamente guarda para él solo.
- And Beatriz, with her beautiful groin and lively eyes, her high and fleshy breast, and in it two jars of Toboso wine; and the very salty Antonieta with her hungry vulva and Catalineta; Matilde and the famous Sacristan with the mole that beautifies her thigh when they throw her up in flight like a bell; the Powerful One, quick to fuck, with a carmine mouth bathed in laughter; and Jacinta, with her round ass, Clara, who, when I named her, poured into my crotch and my member as much lust as the dirty name Clara contains; Margarita with her bulging cunt, who makes the foolish Indian believe that she keeps it only for himself.
- (transitive) to fuck over, to put someone in a difficult situation
- Synonyms: arruinar la situación, poner en jaque
- Ahora sí que nos han jodido después de subirnos la renta.
- They have really fucked us now that they've raised our rent.
- Me jodiste con esa pregunta.
- You put me in a difficult situation with that question.
- Como ella no llegó a tiempo, se jodió.
- Since she didn't arrive on time, she fucking put up with it.
- (transitive, Dominican Republic, Mexico, El Salvador, Spain) to fuck up, smash, wreak, break, damage
- (pronominal) to feel something intensely
- Me jodo de miedo.
- I'm scared shitless.
- to joke, to kid
- Yo te estaba jodiendo.
- I was joking you.
- (pronominal) to hate, to piss one off
- Me jode comer manzanas.
- I hate eating apples.
- (Honduras, Nicaragua, transitive) to kill, to wound
Conjugation
Conjugation of joder (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | joder | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | jodiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | jodido | jodida | |||||
| plural | jodidos | jodidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | jodo | jodestú jodésvos |
jode | jodemos | jodéis | joden | |
| imperfect | jodía | jodías | jodía | jodíamos | jodíais | jodían | |
| preterite | jodí | jodiste | jodió | jodimos | jodisteis | jodieron | |
| future | joderé | joderás | joderá | joderemos | joderéis | joderán | |
| conditional | jodería | joderías | jodería | joderíamos | joderíais | joderían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | joda | jodastú jodásvos2 |
joda | jodamos | jodáis | jodan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
jodiera | jodieras | jodiera | jodiéramos | jodierais | jodieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
jodiese | jodieses | jodiese | jodiésemos | jodieseis | jodiesen | |
| future1 | jodiere | jodieres | jodiere | jodiéremos | jodiereis | jodieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | jodetú jodévos |
joda | jodamos | joded | jodan | ||
| negative | no jodas | no joda | no jodamos | no jodáis | no jodan | ||
Selected combined forms of joder
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive joder | dative | joderme | joderte | joderle, joderse | jodernos | joderos | joderles, joderse |
| accusative | joderme | joderte | joderlo, joderla, joderse | jodernos | joderos | joderlos, joderlas, joderse | |
| with gerund jodiendo | dative | jodiéndome | jodiéndote | jodiéndole, jodiéndose | jodiéndonos | jodiéndoos | jodiéndoles, jodiéndose |
| accusative | jodiéndome | jodiéndote | jodiéndolo, jodiéndola, jodiéndose | jodiéndonos | jodiéndoos | jodiéndolos, jodiéndolas, jodiéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative jode | dative | jódeme | jódete | jódele | jódenos | not used | jódeles |
| accusative | jódeme | jódete | jódelo, jódela | jódenos | not used | jódelos, jódelas | |
| with informal second-person singular voseo imperative jodé | dative | jodeme | jodete | jodele | jodenos | not used | jodeles |
| accusative | jodeme | jodete | jodelo, jodela | jodenos | not used | jodelos, jodelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative joda | dative | jódame | not used | jódale, jódase | jódanos | not used | jódales |
| accusative | jódame | not used | jódalo, jódala, jódase | jódanos | not used | jódalos, jódalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative jodamos | dative | not used | jodámoste | jodámosle | jodámonos | jodámoos | jodámosles |
| accusative | not used | jodámoste | jodámoslo, jodámosla | jodámonos | jodámoos | jodámoslos, jodámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative joded | dative | jodedme | not used | jodedle | jodednos | jodeos | jodedles |
| accusative | jodedme | not used | jodedlo, jodedla | jodednos | jodeos | jodedlos, jodedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative jodan | dative | jódanme | not used | jódanle | jódannos | not used | jódanles, jódanse |
| accusative | jódanme | not used | jódanlo, jódanla | jódannos | not used | jódanlos, jódanlas, jódanse | |
Conjugation of joderse (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | joderse | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | jodiéndose | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | jodido | jodida | |||||
| plural | jodidos | jodidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| personal non-finite | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| infinitive | joderme | joderte | joderse | jodernos | joderos | joderse | |
| gerund | jodiéndome | jodiéndote | jodiéndose | jodiéndonos | jodiéndoos | jodiéndose | |
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me jodo | te jodestú te jodésvos |
se jode | nos jodemos | os jodéis | se joden | |
| imperfect | me jodía | te jodías | se jodía | nos jodíamos | os jodíais | se jodían | |
| preterite | me jodí | te jodiste | se jodió | nos jodimos | os jodisteis | se jodieron | |
| future | me joderé | te joderás | se joderá | nos joderemos | os joderéis | se joderán | |
| conditional | me jodería | te joderías | se jodería | nos joderíamos | os joderíais | se joderían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | me joda | te jodastú te jodásvos2 |
se joda | nos jodamos | os jodáis | se jodan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
me jodiera | te jodieras | se jodiera | nos jodiéramos | os jodierais | se jodieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
me jodiese | te jodieses | se jodiese | nos jodiésemos | os jodieseis | se jodiesen | |
| future1 | me jodiere | te jodieres | se jodiere | nos jodiéremos | os jodiereis | se jodieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | jódetetú jodetevos |
jódase | jodámonos | jodeos | jódanse | ||
| negative | no te jodas | no se joda | no nos jodamos | no os jodáis | no se jodan | ||
Derived terms
Interjection
¡joder!
- (vulgar, chiefly Spain) fuck!
- Synonyms: ¡mierda!, (euphemism) ¡miércoles de ceniza!, (euphemism, Spain) ¡jolín!, (euphemism, Spain) ¡jolines!
- ¡Joder, Hoy es un buen día!
- Fuck, today it's a good day!
- Joder, qué buena idea.
- Damn, what a good idea.
- ¡Joder! No puedo creer la derrota en el Mundial.
- Fuck! I can't believe the loss in the World Cup.
- 1997, Roberto Bolaño, “Sensini”, in Llamadas telefónicas [Last Evenings on Earth]:
- Es que él era un escritor muy bueno, dije yo. Joder, dijo Miranda y se levantó y salió al patio, como si yo hubiera dicho algo que la hubiera ofendido.
- "He was a good writer", I said. "Fuck!", said Miranda, who then stood up and went out to the garden, as if I had said something offensive to her.
- (vulgar, chiefly Spain) jeez!, damn! (expression of surprise)
- Synonyms: ¡qué barbaridad!, (Spain) ¡hostia!
Adverb
joder
- (vulgar, nonstandard) the fuck (as an intensifier)
- ¿Pero qué joder es esto?
- What the fuck is this?
Synonyms
- coger, follar, singar, quimbar, chingar, majar, pinar, lijar, copular, coitar, fornicar (copulate)
- estropear, arruinar, fregar, cagar, chingar (ruin)
- molestar, fastidiar, chingar, fregar, incomodar (bother)
- hostia, cojones, me cago en la leche, coño, mierda (vulgar interjections used in Spain)
Further reading
- “joder”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026
- “joder”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010
Categories:
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰew-
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/eɾ/2 syllables
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- Rhymes:Spanish/e(ɾ)/2 syllables
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