esse

See also: Appendix:Variations of "esse"
Languages (24)
English
Afrikaans • Alemannic German • Catalan • Central Franconian • Corsican • French • Gallurese • German • Hunsrik • Ingrian • Interlingua • Italian • Latin • Middle English • Middle High German • Neapolitan • Old Irish • Pennsylvania German • Piedmontese • Portuguese • Swedish • Tatar • Walloon
Page categories

English

Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin esse.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɛsi/
    • Audio (US):(file)

    Noun

    esse (plural esses)

    1. Essence, essential nature.
      • 1788, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page 136:
        Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from his Eſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.
      • 1801, Emanuel Swedenborg, Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page 482:
        […] that is his proprium, since the esse of the life of man is his will;
      • 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras, The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages 95–97:
        In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supreme esse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.
      • 1961, Gerard Smith, Lottie H. Kendzierski, Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page 339:
        Essence is a being by an esse which the essence is. Substance is a being by an esse which the substance is. Ens is a being by an esse which the ens is.
      • 2015, Christopher Hughes, Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God, Routledge, page 62:
        Agreed, if there are as many esses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantial esses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidental esses in that individual.

    References

    Afrikaans

    Noun

    esse

    1. plural of es

    Alemannic German

    Verb

    esse

    1. alternative form of ässe (“to eat”)

    Catalan

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    esse f (plural esses) (Valencia)

    1. alternative form of essa

    Further reading

    Central Franconian

    Alternative forms

    • äße (most dialects)
    • eaße (parts of Moselle Franconian)

    Etymology

    From Middle High German ëȥȥen, from Old High German ëȥȥan.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɛsə/

    Verb

    esse (third-person singular present iss or itt, preterite oß, past participle jesse or jejesse)

    1. (Kölsch, nothernmost Ripuarian) to eat

    Usage notes

    Corsican

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Inherited from Latin esse. Compare Italian essere, French être.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈes.sɛ/
    • Hyphenation: es‧se

    Verb

    esse (Cismontane)

    1. (copulative) to be
    2. (intransitive) to be (to exist)
    3. (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
    4. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
    5. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have

    Conjugation

        Cismontane conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
    infinitive esse
    present participle issendu
    past participle statu
    person singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
    present sò sì hè, ghjè simu site sò
    imperfect era eri era eramu erate eranu
    simple past fubbi, fui fusti fubbe, fù fubbimu, fuimu fuste fubbenu
    future seraghju serai, serè serà seremu serete seranu
    conditional seria, serebbi serii, seresti, seristi seria, serebbe seriamu, serebbimu seriate, sereste, seriste serianu, serebbenu
    subjunctive eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
    present sia sia sia siamu siate sianu
    imperfect fussi fussi fussi fussimu fussite fussinu
    imperative – tù – noi voi –
    — sia — siamu siate —

    Descendants

    • Gallurese: esse, essi

    References

    • “esse”, in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa [Database of the Corsican language], 1999-

    French

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    esse m (plural esses)

    1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

    Further reading

    Gallurese

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɛs.se/

    Verb

    esse

    1. (auxiliary) to be

    Conjugation

        Conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
    infinitive simple esse
    compound esse + past participle
    gerund simple essendi, sendi
    compound essendi + past participle
    past participle statu
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
    (simple tenses) present socu sei è semu seti so
    imperfect era, eru eri era érami érati erani
    preterite fusi fusti fusi fùsimi fùsiti fùsini
    future saragghju sarai, saré sarà saremu sareti sarani
    (compound tenses) present perfect present indicative of esse + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of esse + past participle
    preterite perfect preterite indicative of esse + past participle
    future perfect future of esse + past participle
    conditional eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
    present saria saristi saria sarìami sarìati sarìani
    perfect present conditional of esse + past participle
    subjunctive chi eu chi tu chi iddu/idda chi noi chi voi chi iddi
    (simple tenses) present sia sii sia sìami sìati sìani
    imperfect fùssia fussi fùssia fùssimi fùssiti fùssini
    (compound tenses) past present subjunctive of esse + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle
    imperative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
    — sii sia sìami sìati sìani

    German

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    esse

    1. inflection of essen:
      1. first-person singular present
      2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

    Hunsrik

    Alternative forms

    • ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)

    Etymology

    From Middle High German ëȥȥen, from Old High German ëȥȥan.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈesə/
    • Rhymes: -esə
    • Syllabification: es‧se
    • Homophone: Esse

    Verb

    esse

    1. to eat
      Ich esse keen Fleisch.
      I don't eat meat.
      Heit esse-mer Fisch.
      Today we eat fish.

    Inflection

    Conjugation of esse
    infinitive esse
    past participle gess
    auxiliary hon
    present tense
    1st person singular esse
    2nd person singular esst
    3rd person singular essd
    1st person  plural esse
    2nd person plural essd
    3rd person plural esse
    imperative
    2nd person singular ess
    2nd person plural essd

    Derived terms

    • mitesse

    Further reading

    Ingrian

    Etymology

    From estää (“to prevent”) +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish este.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    esse

    1. obstacle

    Declension

    Declension of esse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation)
    singular plural
    nominative esse esteet
    genitive esteen estein
    partitive essettä esteitä
    illative esteesse esteisse
    inessive estees esteis
    elative esteest esteist
    allative esteelle esteille
    adessive esteel esteil
    ablative esteelt esteilt
    translative esteeks esteiks
    essive esteennä, esteen esteinnä, estein
    exessive1) esteent esteint
    1) obsolete
    *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
    **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

    References

    • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36

    Interlingua

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈe.se/, /ˈes.se/

    Verb

    esse

    1. present of esser
      Synonym: es
    2. imperative of esser
      Synonym: sia

    Italian

    Etymology 1

    From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɛs.se/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɛsse
    • Hyphenation: ès‧se

    Noun

    esse f or m (invariable)

    1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.; ess
    Derived terms
    See also

    Etymology 2

    From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈes.se/
    • Rhymes: -esse
    • Hyphenation: és‧se

    Pronoun

    esse f pl

    1. plural of ella and essa; they, them (female)
      Synonym: loro

    See also

    Italian personal pronouns (alternative)
    Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
    Singular third m esso1, egli, elli3 si, s' lo, l' gli vi, v' ne, n' esso, sé
    f essa, ella, Ella2 la, l' le essa, sé
    Plural third m essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3 si, s' li loro vi, v' ne, n' essi, sé
    f esse, elle3, elleno3 le esse, elle3, sé

    1 Refers predominantly to non-humans.
    2 Highly elevated variant of Lei.
    3 Archaic.

    Anagrams

    Latin

    Etymology 1

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    esse

    1. present active infinitive of sum

    Noun

    esse m (indeclinable) (Medieval Latin)

    1. state, condition

    Etymology 2

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    ēsse

    1. present active infinitive of edō

    Participle

    ēsse

    1. vocative masculine singular of ēssus

    References

    • “esse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "esse", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

    Middle English

    Verb

    esse

    1. (Gloucestershire) alternative form of asken (“to ask”)

    Middle High German

    Etymology 1

    From Old High German essi, from Latin as, assis. Doublet of German As. Cognate to English ace.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈes̠.s̠ə/

    Noun

    esse n

    1. a single point on a die (an ace)
    Declension
    Declension of esse (strong neuter with null plural)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein daȥ esse diu esse
    genitive eines dës esses dër esse
    dative eime dëm esse dën essen
    accusative ein daȥ esse diu esse
    Descendants
    • German: Esz, esz, Äß, Äss (obsolete since the 18th century; replaced by As)
    • Luxembourgish: Äss
    • → Czech: eso

    Etymology 2

    From Old High German essa, from Proto-Germanic *asjǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈes̠.s̠ə/, /ˈɛs̠.s̠ə/
    • Some dictionaries present this word as ësse, which suggests the pronunciation [ˈɛs̠.s̠ə]. There is rhyming evidence for such a pronunciation, but this is complicated, however, in view of Proto-Germanic *asjǭ and in view of Alemannic German Ess.

    Noun

    esse or ësse f

    1. a smelter, a furnace, a crucible (for Latin cōnflātōrium)
    2. (perhaps also) a funeral pyre (for Latin ū̆strīna)
    Declension
    Declension of esse (strong feminine in -e)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein diu esse die esse
    genitive einer dër esse dër essen
    dative einer dër esse dën essen
    accusative eine die esse die esse

    Less commonly:

    Declension of esse (strong neuter with null plural)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein daȥ esse diu esse
    genitive eines dës esses dër esse
    dative eime dëm esse dën essen
    accusative ein daȥ esse diu esse
    Declension of esse (weak feminine)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein diu esse die essen
    genitive einer dër essen dër essen
    dative einer dër essen dën essen
    accusative eine die essen die essen
    Descendants

    Neapolitan

    Pronunciation

    Pronoun

    ésse

    1. plural of éssa (“she”)

    Coordinate terms

    Neapolitan personal pronouns
    number person nominative prepositional accusative dative reflexive
    singular 1st io me, méne m' (me)
    2nd tu, vuje1 te, téne, vuje1 t' (te), v' (ve)1
    3rd m ìsso 'o, 'u (lo, lu) 'i, 'e (li, le) se
    f éssa 'a (la) 'e (le)
    n ésso 'o (lo) 'e (le)
    plural 1st nuje c' (nce, ce)
    2nd vuje v' (ve)
    3rd m ìsse / llòro 'e, 'i (le, li) le, li / llòro se
    f ésse / llòro 'e (le) le / llòro
    n éssa / llòro 'a (la) le / llòro

    1 Formal.

    Old Irish

    Pronoun

    esse

    1. alternative form of essi: third-person singular feminine of a

    Pennsylvania German

    Etymology

    From Middle High German ëȥȥen, from Old High German ëȥȥan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan. Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɛsə/

    Verb

    esse

    1. to eat

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of esse
    infinitive esse
    past participle hot gesse
    future tense waerd esse
    subjunctive daet esse
    present tense
    1st person singular ess
    2nd person singular esscht
    3rd person singular esst
    1st person  plural esse
    2nd person plural esst
    3rd person plural esse
    imperative du ess, dihr esst

    Piedmontese

    Etymology

    Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈese/

    Verb

    esse

    1. to be

    Conjugation

    infinitive esse
    present gerundive essend
    past participle stàit
    Present indicative Past indicative Future indicative Present subjunctive Past subjunctive Past

    Historic

    		Present Conditional
    First-person singular i son i j'era i sarai i sia i fussa I fure i sarìa
    Second-person singular it ses it j'ere it saras it sie it fusse it fùrës it sarìe
    Third-person singular a l'é a l'era a sarà a sia a fussa fur a sarìa
    First-person plural i soma i j'ero i saroma i sio i fusso furo i sarìo
    Second-person plural i seve i j'ere i sareve i sie i fusse i fùrës i sarìe
    Third-person plural a son a j'ero i saran a sio a fusso a furo a sarìo

    Portuguese

    Etymology 1

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic *e(s)peso
    Latin ipse
    Old Galician-Portuguese esse
    Portuguese esse

      Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

      Alternative forms

      • êsse (pre-reform spelling)

      Pronunciation

      Determiner

      esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas)

      2. that (near you)
        Esse chapéu está limpo?
        Is that hat clean?
      4. (Brazil, colloquial) this (near me)
        Synonym: este
        Esse livro é muito bom.
        This book is very good.

      Pronoun

      esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas, neuter isso) (definite demonstrative pronoun)

      2. that, that one (near you)
      4. that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)
        Esse é o segredo para vencer.
        This is the secret to winning.
      Derived terms

      See also

      Portuguese demonstratives
      pronouns adverbs
      singular plural neuter
      masculine feminine masculine feminine
      proximal X este esta estes estas isto aqui, cá
      de + X deste desta destes destas disto daqui
      em + X neste nesta nestes nestas nisto —
      medial X esse essa esses essas isso aí
      de + X desse dessa desses dessas disso daí
      em + X nesse nessa nesses nessas nisso —
      distal X aquele aquela aqueles aquelas aquilo ali, lá, acolá
      de + X daquele daquela daqueles daquelas daquilo dali, dacolá
      em + X naquele naquela naqueles naquelas naquilo —
      a + X àquele àquela àqueles àquelas àquilo
      anaphoric X o a os as — —
      de + X do da dos das
      em + X no na nos nas
      a + X ao à aos às

      Etymology 2

        Pronunciation

        • Hyphenation: es‧se

        Noun

        esse m (plural esses)

        1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
        2. something shaped like the letter S

        See also

        Further reading

        Swedish

        Noun

        esse n

        1. only used in vara i sitt esse

        References

        Tatar

        Adjective

        esse

        1. hot

        Walloon

        Etymology

        Inherited from Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. Some conjugations reflect Latin stāre (“stand”).

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ɛs/
        • Homophones: èç, ès

        Verb

        esse

        1. to be
          Synonym: sey

        Conjugation

           —         —   Conjugation of the verb esse in Walloon   —   Codjowaedje do viebe esse e walon
        infinitive simple esse / sey
        compound aveur + past participle
        gerund simple estant
        compound åyant + past participle
        past participle masculine feminine
        singular stî / stou —
        plural — —
        singular plural
        first second third first second third
        indicative dji (dj') ti (t') i (il) / ele dji (dj') / nos vos i (il)
        (simple
        tenses)                 		present so es est estans estoz sont
        imperfect esteu / î / ere esteus / îs / eres esteut / ît / ere esténs estîz estént
        preterite esta / fouri estas / fouris esta / fourit estîs / fourîs estîs / fourîz estît / fourît
        future serè serès serè serans seroz seront
        conditional sereu sereus sereut seréns serîz serént
        (compound
        tenses)                 		present perfect present indicative of aveur + past participle
        pluperfect imperfect indicative of aveur + past participle
        past anterior preterite indicative of aveur + past participle
        future perfect future of aveur + past participle
        conditional perfect conditional of aveur + past participle
        subjunctive ki dj' ki t' k' i (il) / k' ele ki dj' / ki nos ki vos k' i (il)
        (simple
        tenses)                 		present soeye / fouxhe soeyes / fouxhes soeye / fouxhe soeyanxhe / fouxhanxhe soeyoxhe / fouxhoxhe soeyexhe or fouxhnuxhe
        imperfect estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe estaxhes / fouxhes / fourixhes estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe estaxhîxhe / fouxhîxhe estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe
        (compound
        tenses)                 		past present subjunctive of aveur + past participle
        pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of aveur + past participle
        imperative – ti – dji / nos vos –
        simple — soeye! / fouxhe! — soeyans! / fouxhans! soeyoz! / fouxhoz —
        compound — simple imperative of aveur + past participle — simple imperative of aveur + past participle simple imperative of aveur + past participle —
        1 The Walloon gerund is usable only with the preposition tot (Eastern, Southern) or e (Central, Western).
        2 The second person plural dji is used in Central and Southern dialects

        Noun

        esse m (plural esses)

        1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
        2. Something shaped like the letter S.
        This page is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.