ilo

See also: ilò, Ilo, ILO, and -ilo

Languages (31)

Translingual

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Buhi'non Bikol • Cebuano • Central Bikol • East Miraya Bikol • Esperanto • Finnish • Hawaiian • Higaonon • Hiligaynon • Ingrian • Italian • Libon Bikol • Ludian • Mapudungun • Maranao • Marshallese • Masbate Sorsogon • Masbatenyo • Nias • Northern Catanduanes Bikol • Rinconada Bikol • Romani • Southern Catanduanes Bikol • Tagalog • Tokelauan • Veps • Votic • Waray Sorsogon • Waray-Waray • West Miraya Bikol

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Ilocano or Spanish ilocano.

Symbol

ilo

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Ilocano.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Ilocano terms

Buhi'non Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Cebuano

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: i‧lo
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔilo/ [ˈʔiː.l̪o]

Noun

ílo (Badlit spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. orphan

Verb

ílo (Badlit spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. to orphan; to deprive of parents; to become an orphan

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qiluS.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: i‧lo
• IPA^(key): /ʔiˈlo/ [ʔiˈl̪o]

Noun

iló (Badlit spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. toilet paper or water used to clean one's bottom after defecation

Verb

iló (Badlit spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. to clean one's bottom after defecation
2. to change a baby's diaper

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔilo/ [ˈʔi.l̪o]
• Hyphenation: i‧lo

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ílo (Basahan spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. orphan

Derived terms

• mailo
• makailo

See also

• ampon
• ataman

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH(s)lomder.

Proto-Italic *fī(s)lom

Latin fīlum

Old Spanish filo

Spanish hilobor.

Central Bikol ilo

Borrowed from Spanish hilo.

Noun

ílo (Basahan spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. thread; string

   Synonym: torsido

2. fiber/fibre

   Synonym: tela

Related terms

• ilo-de-bela

East Miraya Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Slavic *-dloder.

Proto-Indo-European *-lósder.?

▲

Proto-Indo-European *-tromder.?

Proto-Germanic *-ilazder.

Esperanto -ilobf.

Esperanto ilo

Back-formation from -ilo (“tool”). From a widespread suffix in European languages, compare German -el in e.g. Schlüssel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈilo/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ilo
• Syllabification: i‧lo

Noun

ilo (accusative singular ilon, plural iloj, accusative plural ilojn)

1. tool
   • 1922, Eŭgeno Lanti, For la neŭtralismon!‎^[2]:

     Tial ke ni estas sennaciuloj, ni propagandas neŭtralan lingvon. Ĉar ni opinias, ke la esperanta movado estas nun la plej taŭga forto por rapide triumfigi la ideon pri Universala Lingvo, ni propagandas esperanton. Ĝi estas por ni bezona ilo por trafi nian idealon. Esperanto ne estas la celo de nia agado, sed nur rimedo por atingi nian celon.

     Because we are anationals, we promote a neutral language. Because we believe the Esperanto movement is now the most suitable power to quickly bring triumph to the idea of a universal language, we promote Esperanto. It is only a necessary tool for us to reach our ideal. Esperanto isn't the goal of our action but only a means of reaching this goal.

Derived terms

• ilaro (“a set of tools”)
• ilarujo (“a toolbox for a toolset”)
• ilujo (“a toolbox”)

Further reading

• “ilo”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “ilo”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilo (compare Estonian ilu (“beauty”), Karelian ilo, Ludian ilo, Veps ilo), of unknown further origin, but possibly also cognate with Livonian īla (“nature”) and Pite Sami âllo (“urge”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈilo/, [ˈilo̞]
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Syllabification^(key): i‧lo
• Hyphenation^(key): ilo

Noun

ilo

1. joy, happiness, delight, merriment, mirth

   Near-synonym: onni

   ilo lapsista ― the happiness brought by children

2. joy, delight, pleasure (a person, thing or action that causes enjoyment)

   Synonym: onni

   Minulla on ilo toivottaa teidät tervetulleeksi tänne.

   It is my pleasure to welcome all of you here.

3. love, lover (especially when used with a possessive suffix)

Declension

Inflection of ilo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		ilo	ilot
genitive		ilon	ilojen
partitive		iloa	iloja
illative		iloon	iloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		ilo	ilot
accusative	nom.	ilo	ilot
	gen.	ilon
genitive		ilon	ilojen
partitive		iloa	iloja
inessive		ilossa	iloissa
elative		ilosta	iloista
illative		iloon	iloihin
adessive		ilolla	iloilla
ablative		ilolta	iloilta
allative		ilolle	iloille
essive		ilona	iloina
translative		iloksi	iloiksi
abessive		ilotta	iloitta
instructive		—	iloin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of ilo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative iloni iloni accusative nom. iloni iloni gen. iloni genitive iloni ilojeni partitive iloani ilojani inessive ilossani iloissani elative ilostani iloistani illative ilooni iloihini adessive ilollani iloillani ablative iloltani iloiltani allative ilolleni iloilleni essive ilonani iloinani translative ilokseni iloikseni abessive ilottani iloittani instructive — — comitative — iloineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative ilosi ilosi accusative nom. ilosi ilosi gen. ilosi genitive ilosi ilojesi partitive iloasi ilojasi inessive ilossasi iloissasi elative ilostasi iloistasi illative iloosi iloihisi adessive ilollasi iloillasi ablative iloltasi iloiltasi allative ilollesi iloillesi essive ilonasi iloinasi translative iloksesi iloiksesi abessive ilottasi iloittasi instructive — — comitative — iloinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative ilomme ilomme accusative nom. ilomme ilomme gen. ilomme genitive ilomme ilojemme partitive iloamme ilojamme inessive ilossamme iloissamme elative ilostamme iloistamme illative iloomme iloihimme adessive ilollamme iloillamme ablative iloltamme iloiltamme allative ilollemme iloillemme essive ilonamme iloinamme translative iloksemme iloiksemme abessive ilottamme iloittamme instructive — — comitative — iloinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative ilonne ilonne accusative nom. ilonne ilonne gen. ilonne genitive ilonne ilojenne partitive iloanne ilojanne inessive ilossanne iloissanne elative ilostanne iloistanne illative iloonne iloihinne adessive ilollanne iloillanne ablative iloltanne iloiltanne allative ilollenne iloillenne essive ilonanne iloinanne translative iloksenne iloiksenne abessive ilottanne iloittanne instructive — — comitative — iloinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative ilonsa ilonsa accusative nom. ilonsa ilonsa gen. ilonsa genitive ilonsa ilojensa partitive iloaan iloansa ilojaan ilojansa inessive ilossaan ilossansa iloissaan iloissansa elative ilostaan ilostansa iloistaan iloistansa illative iloonsa iloihinsa adessive ilollaan ilollansa iloillaan iloillansa ablative iloltaan iloltansa iloiltaan iloiltansa allative ilolleen ilollensa iloilleen iloillensa essive ilonaan ilonansa iloinaan iloinansa translative ilokseen iloksensa iloikseen iloiksensa abessive ilottaan ilottansa iloittaan iloittansa instructive — — comitative — iloineen iloinensa

Antonyms

• suru

Derived terms

adjectives

• iloinen
• iloisa
• iloton

adverbs

• iloissaan

proper nouns

• Ilo
• Ilola
• Ilonen

verbs

• ilahtua
• iloita
• ilostua
• ilotella

compounds

• elämänilo
• ilohuuto
• ilojuhla
• ilokaasu
• ilolaulu
• iloliemi
• ilolintu
• iloluontoinen
• ilomieli
• Ilomäki
• ilonaihe
• ilonilmaus
• ilonkyynel
• ilonpilaaja
• ilonpito
• ilonpitäjä
• ilonpurkaus
• ilopilleri
• ilosanoma
• ilotalo
• ilotikku
• ilotulite
• ilotulitus
• ilotyttö
• ilouutinen
• jouluilo
• silmänilo
• työnilo
• vahingonilo

See also

• ilakoida
• ilkamoida

Further reading

• “ilo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• -loi-, loi, oli

Hawaiian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.lo/

Etymology 1

Ka ilo (1.1).

From Proto-Polynesian *qilo, from Proto-Central Pacific *qilo, *qulo, from Proto-Oceanic *quloc, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *quləj, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *quləj, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quləj, from Proto-Austronesian *quləj. Cognates include Māori iro and Samoan ilo.

Noun

ilo

1. worm, maggot, grub

   Synonym: koʻe

Verb

ilo

1. (intransitive) to creep, to slither

Etymology 2

Ka ilo (2.1).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ilo

1. young shoot (emerging stem of a plant)

Verb

ilo

1. (intransitive) to germinate, to sprout

Higaonon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu. Compare Cebuano ilo.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilo. Cognates include Finnish ilo and Estonian ilu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈilo/, [ˈiɫo̞ˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈilo/, [ˈiɫo̞ˑ]
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Hyphenation: i‧lo

Noun

ilo

1. joy, happiness
   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 14:

     Ilo ono lapsille.

     The children are happy.

     (literally, “Joy is to the children.”)

Declension

Declension of ilo (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	ilo	ilot
genitive	ilon	illoin, iloloin
partitive	illoa	iloja, iloloja
illative	illoo	illoi, iloloihe
inessive	ilos	ilois, ilolois
elative	ilost	iloist, iloloist
allative	ilolle	iloille, iloloille
adessive	ilol	iloil, iloloil
ablative	ilolt	iloilt, iloloilt
translative	iloks	iloiks, iloloiks
essive	ilonna, illoon	iloinna, iloloinna, illoin, iloloin
exessive1)	ilont	iloint, iloloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• iloistaa
• iloita
• ilokas
• ilolliin

References

• V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 82
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 92

Italian

Etymology

From Latin hīlum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.lo/
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Hyphenation: ì‧lo

Noun

ilo m (plural ili)

1. (botany) hilum

   Synonyms: ombelico, occhio

2. (anatomy) hilus

   Synonyms: fossetta, depressione

Further reading

• “ilo”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

Anagrams

• Loi, oli, olì

Libon Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilo. Cognates include Finnish ilo.

Noun

ilo

1. joy, fun

   iloks ― to the delight, to the joy

   Milei on ilo tuttavoidakse teiden ke.

   I'm glad to meet you.

Declension

Declension of ilo (type 4a/levo, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	ilo	ilod
genitive	ilon	iloiden
partitive	ilod	iloid
essive	ilon	iloin
instructive	—	iloin
inessive	ilos	iloiš
elative	ilospiä	iloišpiä
illative	iloh	iloihe
adessive	ilol	iloil
ablative	ilolpiä	iloilpiä
allative	ilole	iloile
abessive	ilota	iloita
prolative	iloči	iloiči
translative	iloks	iloikš
additive	ilohpiä	iloihepiä
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

Derived terms

• ilokaz

References

• M. Pahomov (2022), “ilo”, in Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎^[5], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN, page 55
• Juho Kujola (1944), “iлo”, in Lyydiläismurteiden sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 89

Mapudungun

Noun

ilo (Raguileo spelling)

1. meat

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Maranao

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gel-

Latin gelū̆

Spanish yelo

Spanish hielobor.

Maranao ilo

Borrowed from Spanish hielo.

Noun

ilo

1. ice
2. snow

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu. Cebuano ilo.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Marshallese

Etymology 1

Rālik dialect reflex of Etymology 2. Both forms have the same orthographic spelling.

Pronunciation

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [ilʲo]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jilʲew/
• Bender phonemes: {yilȩw}

Preposition

ilo

1. (Rālik) at
2. (Rālik) in

Etymology 2

Ratak dialect reflex of Etymology 1. Both forms have the same orthographic spelling.

Pronunciation

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [ilʲɔ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jilʲɛw/
• Bender phonemes: {yilew}

Preposition

ilo

1. (Ratak) at
2. (Ratak) in

References

• Abo, Takaji; Bender Byron W.; Capelle, Alfred; DeBrum, Tony (2009–), “ilo”, in Marshallese–English Online Dictionary‎^[6]

Masbate Sorsogon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Masbatenyo

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Nias

Etymology

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qizuR. Compare Ibaloi ilol, Javanese idu, Karao ilol, and Pangasinan ilol.

Noun

ilo

1. (anatomy) saliva

Northern Catanduanes Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Rinconada Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Romani

Alternative forms

• jilo

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).

Noun

ilo m (nominative plural ile)

1. (anatomy) heart

References

• Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “iló”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 121
• Marcel Courthiade (2009), “o il/o, -es- m. -e, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, pages 175-176

Southern Catanduanes Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔiˈlo/ [ʔɪˈlo]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: i‧lo

Noun

iló (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. milling or crushing sugar cane by machine for its juice

   Synonym: kabyaw

Derived terms

• iluhan
• iluhin
• mag-ilo
• mailo
• pag-ilo
• umilo

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH(s)lomder.

Proto-Italic *fī(s)lom

Latin fīlum

Old Spanish filo

Spanish hilobor.

Tagalog ilo

Borrowed from Spanish hilo, from Old Spanish filo, from Latin fīlum, from Proto-Italic *fī(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH(s)lom. Doublet of hilo and pilo.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔilo/ [ˈʔiː.lo]
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Syllabification: i‧lo

Noun

ilo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜓ)

1. thread

   Synonyms: sinulid, hibla

2. yarn

   Synonym: labay

3. filament

   Synonyms: lamuymoy, pilamento, hibla, aguheta

4. fiber

   Synonyms: hibla, himaymay, hilatsa, aguheta

Alternative forms

• hilo — obsolete

Related terms

• de-ilo
• hilera
• pila
• pilo

Further reading

• “ilo”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025
• “ilo”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Tokelauan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *qilo. Cognates include Tongan ʻilo and Niuean ilo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈi.lo]
• Hyphenation: i‧lo

Verb

ilo

1. (transitive) to sort out
2. (transitive) to be aware of
3. (transitive, of food) to check (if something is done)

Derived terms

• iloa
• iloga
• iloilo

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[7], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 29

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilo.

Noun

ilo

1. fun, joy

Inflection

Inflection of ilo (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	ilo
genitive sing.	ilon
partitive sing.	ilod
partitive plur.	—
	singular	plural
nominative	ilo	—
accusative	ilon	—
genitive	ilon	—
partitive	ilod	—
essive-instructive	ilon	—
translative	iloks	—
inessive	ilos	—
elative	ilospäi	—
illative	ilho iloho	—
adessive	ilol	—
ablative	ilolpäi	—
allative	ilole	—
abessive	ilota	—
comitative	ilonke	—
prolative	ilodme	—
approximative I	ilonno	—
approximative II	ilonnoks	—
egressive	ilonnopäi	—
terminative I	ilhosai ilohosai	—
terminative II	ilolesai	—
terminative III	ilossai	—
additive I	ilhopäi ilohopäi	—
additive II	ilolepäi	—

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “веселье”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[8], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ilo.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA^(key): /ˈilo/, [ˈiɫo]
• (Jõgõperä) IPA^(key): /ˈilo/, [ˈiɫo]
• (Central Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈilo/, [ˈiɫo]
• Rhymes: -ilo
• Hyphenation: i‧lo

Noun

ilo

1. joy, elation, happiness
2. celebration

Inflection

Declension of ilo (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	ilo	ilod
genitive	ilo	ilojõ
partitive	illoa	iloit
illative	illo, ilosõ	iloisõ
inessive	iloz	iloiz
elative	iloss	iloiss
allative	ilollõ	iloillõ
adessive	iloll	iloill
ablative	ilolt	iloilt
translative	ilossi	iloissi
'Standardized' inflection based on the Vaipooli dialects; see WT:AVOT. For dialectal differences between case endings, see Appendix:Votic dialects. *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “ilo”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎^[9], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Waray Sorsogon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

Waray-Waray

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

ilo

1. orphan

West Miraya Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.

Noun

iló

1. poison