sun

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sun"

Languages (35)

Bambara • Bavarian • Bole • Cimbrian • Czech • Finnish • Friulian • Hokkien • Inari Sami • Indonesian • Italian • Japanese • Javanese • Kaingang • Kamkata-viri • Ladin • Ligurian • Manchu • Mandarin • Middle English • Middle High German • Mimi of Nachtigal • North Frisian • Old Danish • Old French • Old Sundanese • Quiripi • Romanian • Scots • Vietnamese • Waigali • Waigeo • Yoruba

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Sundanese or Sundanese Sunda.

Symbol

sun

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sundanese.

English

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: sŭn, IPA^(key): /sʌn/
- Audio (Received Pronunciation): (file)
- Audio (Received Pronunciation): (file)
- Audio (US): (file)
- Audio (US): (file)
(Northern England, Ireland) IPA^(key): /sʊn/
Rhymes: -ʌn
Homophone: son

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥der.

Proto-Germanic *sunnô

Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ

Proto-West Germanic *sunnā

Old English sunne

Middle English sonne

English sun

From Middle English soen, son, sone, sonne, sun, sune, sunna, sunne, sunnæ, synne, zonne, zunne, from Old English sunna, sunne, sunnu (“sun”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ (“sun”), from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

Cognates

Cognate with Scots sun (“sun”), Yola zin (“sun”), North Frisian san, Sen (“sun”), Saterland Frisian Sunne (“sun”), West Frisian sinne (“sun”), Alemannic German ŝchunna, ŝchunnà, sònnò, sunna, sunnu, Sunnä (“sun”), Bavarian Sun, suna, sune, Sunn, sunne (“sun”), Cimbrian sonde, sunn, zunna (“sun”), Dutch zon, zonne (“sun”), German Sonne (“sun”), Limburgish Ṣon, Sonn, zón (“sun”), Low German Sünn, Sünne (“sun”), Luxembourgish Sonn (“sun”), Mòcheno sunn (“sun”), Vilamovian zun, zunn (“sun”), West Flemish zunne (“sun”), Yiddish זון (zun, “sun”), Icelandic sunna (“sun”), Crimean Gothic sune (“sun”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 (sunnō, “the Sun”); outside of Germanic, Cornish howl (“sun”), Irish súil (“eye; expectation, hope”), Manx sooill (“eye”), Scottish Gaelic sùil (“eye; vision; glance, look; expectation, hope”), Welsh haul, huan (“sun”), Latin sōl (“sun”), Greek ήλιος (ílios, “sun”), Albanian diell (“sun”), Latgalian and Latvian saule (“sun”), Lithuanian saulė (“sun”), Belarusian со́нца (sónca, “sun”), Bulgarian слъ́нце (slắnce, “sun”), Czech slunce (“sun”), Macedonian солнце (solnce), сонце (sonce, “sun”), Polish słońce (“sun”), Russian со́лнце (sólnce, “sun”), Serbo-Croatian су̑нце, sȗnce (“sun”), Slovak slnce (“sun”), Slovene sonce (“sun”), Ukrainian со́нце (sónce, “sun”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (huuar^ə, “sun”), Central Kurdish خۆر (xor, “sun”), Gurani وەر (wer, “sun; front”), Ossetian хор (xor), хур (xur, “sun”), Persian هور (hur), خور (xor / xwar, “sun”), Shughni хӣр (xīr, “sun”), Yaghnobi хур (xur, “sun”), Tocharian B swāñco (“beam, ray, sunbeam”), Hindi सूर्य (sūrya), Sanskrit स्वर् (svar, “sun”). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

Proper noun

the sun

The star that is closest to the Earth.
Alternative forms: Sun, sonne (archaic spelling), sunne (archaic spelling)

Synonyms: Sol (literary), ☉ (astronomy and astrology), ☼, ☀; Currant Bun (rhyming slang), currant bun, Bath bun
- 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Revelacion off Sanct Jhon the Devine xxj:[23], folio cccxlij, recto:
  And the cite hath no nede of the ſunne nether of the mone to lyghten hit. For the bꝛynghtnes off God dyd light hitt: and the lambe was the light off hit.
- 1886, Peter Christen Asbj&oslash￵rnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 233:
  "I suppose I may have leave to do that!" Yes, she could do that, he said, but there was no road to that place; it lay east of the sun and west of the moon, and she could never find her way there.
- 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
  'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.
- 1997, Mark Kurlansky, “Chapter 4: 1620: The Rock and the Cod”, in Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World, Walker, →ISBN:
  The ships would leave Europe in April, when there was a good easterly wind. Trans-Atlantic mariners wanted the wind dead on the stern, so they could run with it, sticking to the same latitude—a method called easting and westing. Columbus, Cabot, and many others had done this. Until the eighteenth century, there was no reliable way to measure longitude, which helps explain why so many could make landfalls from the Bahamas to Newfoundland and believe they were near Asia. Latitude could be fixed by the relationship to the North Star or the sun, one of the few things known in the sixteenth century about celestial navigation. Westing ships out of Bristol reached the Labrador coast and dropped down to Newfoundland. Bretons went straight to the Grand Bank and St. John's.

Translations

See sun/translations § Proper noun.

Noun

sun (countable and uncountable, plural suns)

(astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
- 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Haestrom Codex entry:
  Because Haestrom's sun has overwhelmed the planet's protective magnetosphere, humans foolhardy enough to venture into geth-controlled Haestrom must exercise extreme caution. Minutes of radiation exposure will overload shields and hours of exposure will kill.
The light and heat which are received from the Sun; sunshine or sunlight.
I have been broiling in the sun all morning.
- c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
  Lambs that did frisk in the sun.
- 1835, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “The Knight of Provençe, and His Proposal”, in Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The Revolution), page 184:
  His fair hair waved long and freely over a white and unwrinkled forehead: the life of a camp and the suns of Italy had but little embrowned his clear and healthful complexion, which retained much of the bloom of youth.
- 1952 September 1, Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 67:
  The sun was on the old man's left arm and shoulder and on his back.
(figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.
- 1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Psalmes 84:11, folio 253, recto, column 2:
  For the Lord God is the ſunne & ſhield vnto vs: […]
- 1649 February 19 (Gregorian calendar), attributed to Charles I of England, “Upon their seizing the Kings Magazines, Forts, Navy, and Militia”, in Έἰκὼν Βασιλική [Éikṑn Basilikḗ]. The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Maiestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings: […], [London: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams], →OCLC, page 65:
  […] I will never conſent to put out the Sun of Sovereigntie to all Poſterity, […]
(uncountable, chiefly literary) Sunrise or sunset.
- 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 381, columns 1–2:
  Imo[gen]. […] Prythee ſpeake, / How many ſtore of Miles may we well rid / Twixt houre, and houre? / Piſ[anio]. One ſcore 'twixt Sun, and Sun, / Madam's enough for you: and too much too. / Imo[gen]. Why, one that rode to's Excution Man, / Could neuer go ſo ſlow: […]
- 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Discontents, Cares, Miseries, &c. causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 10, page 110:
  [W]hileſt many an hunger-ſtarved poore creature pines in the ſtreet, wants clothes to cover him, labours hard all day long, runs, rides for a trifle, fights peradventure from Sun to Sun, ſick and ill, weary, full of paine and griefe, is in great diſtreſſe and ſorrow of heart.
- 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, published 1873, page 357:
  I love these sons of earth every mother's son of them, with their great hearty hearts rushing tumultuously in herds from spectacle to spectacle, as if fearful lest there should not be time between sun and sun to see them all, and the sun does not wait more than in haying-time.
- 1962, Harry S. Truman, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, page 651:
  You see, the President has five jobs, any one of which would be more than a full-time job for one man; but I have to do all five of them between sun and sun.
- 1997, Alan Dean Foster, Howling Stones, page 149:
  “Tomorrow at first sun.” Not being much of a morning person, she winced internally. “First sun?” “It is the proper time, when the flowers of the pohoroh first open to the light.”
A revolution of the Earth around the Sun; a year.
A transversing of the sky by the Sun; a day.
- 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
  Four suns since was the word brought to me from ‘She-who-must-be-obeyed,’ ‘White men come; if white men come, slay them not.’ Let them be brought to the house of ‘She-who-must-be-obeyed.’
The nineteenth trump/major arcana card of the tarot.
(cartomancy) The thirty-first Lenormand card.

Derived terms

Related terms

south

Translations

See sun/translations § Noun.

Verb

sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

(transitive) To expose to the heat and radiation of the sun.
Synonym: apricate

Beautiful bodies lying on the beach, sunning their bronzed limbs.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
  Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines. A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
- 1932 July 14, The Queenslander Illustrated Weekly, Brisbane, page 4, column 3:
  Some miles up the passage we sighted one particularly fine swan sunning his wings, and immediately one lady in our party said: "Isn't she a fine bird?" I said: "Yes, he is," and was told that men always imagine they are the superior sex.
- 2000, William Laurance, Stinging Trees and Wait-a-Whiles: Confessions of a Rainforest Biologist:
  There were lots of zany antics and we tried not to stare too obviously at the beautiful women toplessly sunning themselves...
(transitive) To warm or dry in the sunshine.
(intransitive) To be exposed to the sun.
(intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.

Etymology 2

From Japanese 寸 (sun). Doublet of cun.

Noun

sun (plural suns or sun)

A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches).

Etymology 3

Noun

sun (uncountable)

Alternative form of sunn (“the plant”).

Anagrams

'uns, NUS, UNS, USN, uns

Bambara

Etymology 1

Noun

sun

trunk (of tree)

Usage notes

Often used in a compound with the name of a tree to indicate that kind of tree.

Etymology 2

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting; abstaining from food, drink, and sex”), from Classical Syriac ܨܘܡܐ (ṣawmāʾ).

Noun

sun

fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

Noun

sun

to fast

Bavarian

Alternative forms

sunn, suun

Etymology

From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”). Cognate with German Sohn, Dutch zoon, English son, Icelandic sonur.

Noun

sun

(Sauris) son

References

Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Bole

Alternative forms

sin (Bara)

Noun

sun

name

References

Gimba, Alhaji M.; Ali, Malam B.; Bah, Madu (2009), Schuh, Russell G., editor, Bole-English-Hausa Dictionary‎^[3], 2nd edition, Potiskum: Ajami Press, page 141

Cimbrian

Noun

sun m

(Tredici Comuni) son

References

Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Balto-Slavic *śūˀ-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-der.

Proto-Slavic *-nǫti

Proto-Slavic *sunǫti

Old Czech sunúti

Czech sunoutdeverb.

Czech sun

Deverbal from sunout.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsun]

Noun

sun m inan

slide

Declension

Declension of sun (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	sun	suny
genitive	sunu	sunů
dative	sunu	sunům
accusative	sun	suny
vocative	sune	suny
locative	sunu	sunech
instrumental	sunem	suny

Related terms

Finnish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsun/, [ˈs̠un]
Rhymes: -un
Syllabification^(key): sun
Hyphenation^(key): sun

Etymology 1

Possibly from sun (etymology 2), originally as a replacement of mun, eroded variant of muin which was reinterpreted as the genitive singular of mä.

Conjunction

sun

(coordinating) A coordinating conjunction expressing generality.
En nyt jouda, kun tässä on sitä sun tätä tekemistä.
I don't have time for that because I have this and that to do (miscellaneous stuff/things to do).

Lautanen oli täynnä makaroonilaatikkoa, makkaraa, salaattia, perunamuussia sun muuta pöperöä.
The plate was full of macaroni casserole, sausage, salad, mashed potatoes and other grub.

Etymology 2

Compare standard sinun (“your, yours”) (genitive singular of sinä).

Pronoun

sun

(colloquial) genitive singular of sä

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin sonus.

Noun

sun m (plural suns)

sound
music

Synonyms

(music): musiche

Related terms

sunâ

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of sun – see 孫 (“grandchild; grandson; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 孫).

Inari Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Sami *sonë.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sun (genitive suu)

he, she, it

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch zoen (“kiss”), from Middle Dutch zoene, soen, soene, swoene (“reconciliation; atonement; kiss”), from Old Dutch *sōna, *swōna (“reconciliation; peace; agreement”), from Proto-Germanic *sōnō, *swōnō (“appeasement; reconciliation; atonement; sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsʊn]
Hyphenation: sun

Noun

sun (plural sun-sun)

kiss, a touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting
Synonym: ciuman

Derived terms

mengesun

Italian

Etymology

From su.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsu.n‿/

Conjunction

sun

(poetic, rare) alternative form of su used before a vowel
- mid 13^th century–1280s, Ricordano Malispini, “Come Catellino e sua gente sconfissano e amazorono Fiorino; e della venuta di Giulio Cesare con l’oste de’ romani [How Catiline and his people defeated and killed Fiorinus; and of the arrival of Julius Caesar with the Roman host]” (chapter 16), in Istoria antica‎^[7]; republished as Istoria antica di Ricordano Malespini gentil'uomo fiorentino dall’edificazione di Fiorenza insino all'anno MCCLXXXI, con l'aggiunta di Giachetto suo nipote dal detto anno per insino al 1286, Florence: Stamperia Giunti, 1568, page 9:
  […] preſſo a monte Giulio Ceſare ſi puoſe la milizia di Magrino […] , & in ſun’unaltro monte preſſo a quello […]
  [ […] presso a Monte Giulio Cesare si puose la milizia di Magrino […] ; e in sun un altro monte, presso a quello […] ]
  […] Macrinus' force was stationed near Mount Julius Caesar […] ; and, on another mountain, near that one […]

Japanese

Romanization

sun

Rōmaji transcription of すん

Javanese

Noun

sun

a kiss

Kaingang

FWOTD – 12 May 2013

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʃudn/

Verb

sun

To warm oneself by staying near a fire.^[1]

References

^ Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann (2011), “sun”, in Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang, 2nd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Curitiba: Editora Esperança, page 83

Kamkata-viri

Etymology

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

Noun

sun m (Western, Northeastern, Southeastern)^[1]^[2]

gold

References

^ Strand, Richard F. (2016), “s′un”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎^[1]
^ Halfmann, Jakob (2024). A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) (PhD thesis). Köln: Universität zu Köln.

Ladin

Preposition

sun

(Gherdëina, Fascian) on, on the
L mantel ie sun l stuel. ― The coat is on the chair.

La cësa sun la plaza. ― The house on the square.

Depënjer sun mur. ― To paint on the wall.

Sun dui cater. ― On all fours.
in

Alternative forms

sön (Badiot)

Verb

sun

(Badiot) first-person singular present indicative of ester
I sun a ciasa. ― I am at home.
(Badiot) first-person plural present indicative of ester
Nos son te ostaria. ― We are at the pub.

Alternative forms

son (Gherdëina)

Ligurian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ/
Rhymes: -ũ
Hyphenation: sun

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sum.

Verb

sun

first-person singular present indicative of iesse: (I) am, I'm

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sunt.

Verb

sun

third-person plural present indicative of iesse: (they) are, they're

Manchu

Romanization

sun

romanization of ᠰᡠᠨ

Mandarin

Romanization

sun

nonstandard spelling of sūn
nonstandard spelling of sǔn
nonstandard spelling of sùn

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

sun

alternative form of sonne (“sun”)

Etymology 2

Noun

sun

alternative form of sone (“son”)

Middle High German

Alternative forms

suon, sūn, son

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠un/

Noun

sun m

son

Declension

Declension of sun (strong masculine without umlaut)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	dër	sun	die	süne
genitive	eines	dës	sunes, suns	dër	süne
dative	eime	dëm	sune	dën	sünen
accusative	einen	dën	sun	die	süne

Descendants

Alemannic German:
Italian Walser: su, ŝchu
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: zun, sun, sunn

Mòcheno: su'

Udinese: sun, sunn, suun
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Sohn
German: Sohn
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Soh
Vilamovian: zun, zūn
Yiddish: זון (zun)

References

Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “sun”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.
Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “sun”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[8] (in German), 3rd edition

Mimi of Nachtigal

Etymology

Similar to (and likely a borrowing of, or possibly the lender of) the word used for water in the "third Mimi" language, Amdang sunu, which in turn is (per Starostin) "most likely cognate with" Fur suːn (“waterhole, well”).

Noun

sun

water

References

George Starostin, On Mimi

North Frisian

Alternative forms

soun (Goesharde)
söön (Halligen)
sönj (Mooring)
Sön (Sylt)
suin (Wiedingharde)

Etymology

From Old Frisian sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, *sand, Proto-Germanic *samdaz, *sandaz (“sand”). Cognates include West Frisian sân.

Noun

sun n

(Föhr-Amrum, Heligoland) sand

Noun

sun m (plural sunen)

(Föhr-Amrum) sandbank, sandy area, sands

Derived terms

sunbeenk
sunbonk
sunglees
sunig
sunkast
sunkurn
sunkuuk
sunküül
sunpapiar
sunrag
sunseek
sunskol
sunstoof
sunstrun
suntoort
sunwaal
sunwai

Old Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sonr, sunr, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz.

Noun

sun m (nominative plural synær)

son

Descendants

Danish: søn

Old French

Determiner

sun

(Anglo-Norman) alternative form of son

Old Sundanese

Pronoun

sun

I, me, my

Quiripi

Etymology

From Proto-Algonquian *aʔsenya (“stone, rock”).

Noun

sun

(Unquachog) stone

References

Jefferson, Thomas (1791), “— stone. sun.”, in A vocabulary of the Language of the Unquachog Indians‎^[9], Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsun/
Rhymes: -un

Etymology 1

Verb

sun

first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of suna

Etymology 2

Probably from Latin sonus, or from the verb suna.

Noun

sun n (plural sunuri)

(obsolete) sound
Synonym: sunet

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	sun	sunul	sunuri	sunurile
genitive-dative	sun	sunului	sunuri	sunurilor
vocative	sunule		sunurilor

References

“sun”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026

Scots

Etymology

From Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen- (“sun”), oblique stem *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sʌn/, /sɪn/

Noun

sun (plural suns)

sun

Derived terms

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sun˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂun˧˧] ~ [sun˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [sʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Verb

sun

(intransitive) To shrink.
(transitive) To pull together.
sun vai
to pull one’s shoulders together

References

Hồ Ngọc Đức, editor (2003), “sun”, in Việt–Việt‎^[10] (DICT), Leipzig: Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details), archived from the original on 12 November 2024

Waigali

Etymology

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsun/

Noun

sun (Nisheigram)^[1]

gold

References

^ Strand, Richard F. (2016), “sun”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎^[2]

Waigeo

Verb

-sun

(ambitransitive) to enter

Conjugation

Class III conjugation of sun

		singular	dual	paucal	plural
1^st person	inclusive	sun	tusun	túsun	sun
1^st person	exclusive	sun	umsun	atúmsun	ámsun
2^nd person		nsun	mumsun	matúmsun	mimsun
3^rd person	animate	nsun	usun	atúsun	lasun
3^rd person	inanimate	ansun	sisun

References

Arnold, Laura (2018), Grammar of Ambel, an Austronesian language of Raja Ampat, west New Guinea (PhD thesis)‎^[11]

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ̀/

Verb

sùn

to sleep
Mo sùn gbalaja ― I slept stretched out

Synonyms

Yoruba varieties and languages: sùn (“to sleep”)
view map; edit data
Language family	Variety group	Variety/language	Subdialect	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ào			rhùn
		Ào	Ìdóàní		rhùn
		Eastern Àkókó	Àkùngbá	Àkùngbá Àkókó	sùn
		Eastern Àkókó	Ṣúpárè	Ṣúpárè Àkókó	sùn
		Ìjẹ̀bú			sù
			Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	sù
			Rẹ́mọ	Ẹ̀pẹ́	sù
				Ìkòròdú	sù
				Ṣágámù	sù
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)			hùn
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)	Òkìtìpupa		hùn
		Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)			hùn
		Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)	Mahin		hùn
		Oǹdó			sùn
		Oǹdó	Oǹdó		sùn
		Usẹn			hùn
		Usẹn	Usẹn		hùn
	Ìtsẹkírì				sùn
	Ìtsẹkírì	Ìwẹrẹ			sùn
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	sùn
			Àkúrẹ́	Àkúrẹ́	sùn
			Mọ̀bà	Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	sùn
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì			sùn
		Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà		sùn
		Ẹ̀gbá			sùn
		Ẹ̀gbá	Abẹ́òkúta		sùn
		Èkó			sùn
		Èkó	Èkó		sùn
		Ìbàdàn			sùn
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn		sùn
		Ìlọrin			sùn
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin		sùn
		Oǹkó	Òtù		sùn
			Ìwéré Ilé		sùn
			Òkèhò		sùn
			Ìsẹ́yìn		sùn
			Ṣakí		sùn
			Tedé		sùn
			Ìgbẹ́tì		sùn
		Ọ̀yọ́			sùn
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́		sùn
		Standard Yorùbá	Nàìjíríà		sùn
		Standard Yorùbá	Bɛ̀nɛ̀		sùn
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Ìyàgbà			hùn
		Ìyàgbà	Ìsánlú Ìtẹ̀dó		hùn
		Owé			hùn
		Owé	Kabba		hùn
	Ede languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ifɛ̀	Akpáré		sũ̀
			Atakpamɛ		sũ̀
			Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)		sũ̀
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.

Derived terms

ibùsùn (“bed”)
kòríkòsùn (“close friend”)
másùnmáwo (“stress”)
sísùn (“sleeping”)
àsùngbádùn (“good night's sleep”)
àsùnwọra (“deep sleep”)
àìróorunsùn (“insomnia”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ̄/

Verb

sun

to roast
Synonyms: yan, wì (“to singe”)

Mo sun ẹran. ― I roasted the meat.
to burn; to set on fire
Synonyms: jó, jóná, dáná sun

A máa ń sun òkú nínú àṣà tèmi. ― We cremate the dead in my culture.

Àwọn jagunjagun ya wọ̀lú, wọ́n sì dáná sun ojúbọ ― The warriors raided the town and set the shrines on fire

Synonyms

Yoruba varieties and languages: sun (“to roast, burn”)
view map; edit data
Language family	Variety group	Variety/language	Subdialect	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ìjẹ̀bú			su
			Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	su
			Rẹ́mọ	Ẹ̀pẹ́	su
				Ìkòròdú	su
				Ṣágámù	su
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)			họn
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)	Òkìtìpupa		họn
		Usẹn			họn
		Usẹn	Usẹn		họn
	Olùkùmi				họ́n
	Olùkùmi	Ugbódù			họ́n
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	sụn
			Àkúrẹ́	Àkúrẹ́	sụn
			Mọ̀bà	Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	sụn
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì			sun
		Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà		sun
		Èkó			sun
		Èkó	Èkó		sun
		Ìbàdàn			sun
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn		sun
		Ìlọrin			sun
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin		sun
		Ọ̀yọ́			sun
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́		sun
		Standard Yorùbá	Nàìjíríà		sun
		Standard Yorùbá	Bɛ̀nɛ̀		sun
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Owé			hun
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Owé	Kabba		hun
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.

Derived terms

dáná sun
sísun (“burning”)
ìdánásungbó (“arson; slash and burn”)
ìdánásunlé (“arson”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ̄/

Verb

sun

to trickle; to flow

Derived terms

orísun (“source”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ̄/

Verb

sun

(with ẹkún (“tears”)) to cry
Wọ́n ń sun ẹkún níbi ìsìnkú ― They're crying at the burial ground
to chant
Ọdẹ ni ó máa ń sun ìjálá, ìyàwó ni ó máa ń sun ẹkún-ìyàwó ― Hunters chant ìjálá, and brides chant the ẹkún-ìyàwó

Synonyms

Yoruba varieties and languages: sun (“to cry”)
view map; edit data
Language family	Variety group	Variety/language	Subdialect	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ìjẹ̀bú			sọ
			Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	sọ
			Rẹ́mọ	Ẹ̀pẹ́	sọ
				Ìkòròdú	sọ
				Ṣágámù	sọ
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)			hun
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)	Òkìtìpupa		hun
		Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)			hun
		Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)	Mahin		hun
		Usẹn			họn
		Usẹn	Usẹn		họn
	Ìtsẹkírì				sọ, sọn
	Ìtsẹkírì	Ìwẹrẹ			sọ, sọn
	Olùkùmi				họ́n
	Olùkùmi	Ugbódù			họ́n
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	sụn
			Àkúrẹ́	Àkúrẹ́	sụn
			Mọ̀bà	Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	sụn
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì			sun
		Àwórì	Èbúté Mẹ́tà		sun
		Èkó			sun
		Èkó	Èkó		sun
		Ìbàdàn			sun
		Ìbàdàn	Ìbàdàn		sun
		Ìlọrin			sun
		Ìlọrin	Ìlọrin		sun
		Ọ̀yọ́			sun
		Ọ̀yọ́	Ọ̀yọ́		sun
		Standard Yorùbá	Nàìjíríà		sun
		Standard Yorùbá	Bɛ̀nɛ̀		sun
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Ìyàgbà			hu
		Ìyàgbà	Ìsánlú Ìtẹ̀dó		hu
		Owé			hun
		Owé	Kabba		hun
	Ede languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ifɛ̀	Akpáré		sɔ
			Atakpamɛ		sɔ
			Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)		sɔ
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.

Derived terms

sunkún (“to cry”)
sísun (“chanting; crying”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ̀/

Verb

sùn

to aim; to target
Ìyẹn ni mò ń fojú sùn lọ́dún tó ń bọ̀ ― That's what I aspire for this coming year

Derived terms

àfojúsùn (“goal; target”)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sṹ/

Verb

sún

to shift; to move
Sún mọ́ mi. ― Move closer to me.

Pẹ̀lúmi fẹ́ sún ìpàdé síwájú ― Pelumi wants to postpone the meeting
to nudge; to motivate
Ó sún mi láti wọ́de ― It motivated me to protest
to prick
Synonym: gún

Ẹ̀gún sún mi lọ́wọ́ ― The thorn pricked me

Derived terms

sún kì (“to contract; to shrink”)

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sũ̀/

Verb

sùn

to make a complaint
A ti fẹjọ́ yín sùn wọ́n ― We have reported you to them

[1] Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann (2011), “sun”, in Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang, 2nd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Curitiba: Editora Esperança, page 83

[NEL-2] Strand, Richard F. (2016), “s′un”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎^[1]

[3] Halfmann, Jakob (2024). A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) (PhD thesis). Köln: Universität zu Köln.

[NEL-4] Strand, Richard F. (2016), “sun”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎^[2]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

	singular	dual	plural
1st person	mun	muoi	mij
2nd person	tun	tuoi	tij
3rd person	sun	suoi	sij

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Proper noun

Translations

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

Hypernyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Bambara

Etymology 1

Noun

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Noun

Noun

Bavarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

References

Bole

Alternative forms

Noun

References

Cimbrian

Noun

References

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Finnish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Conjunction

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Friulian

Etymology

Noun

Synonyms

Related terms

Hokkien

Inari Sami

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Further reading

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Further reading