errar

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin errāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [əˈra]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eˈraɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [eˈra]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

errar (first-person singular present erro, first-person singular preterite errí, past participle errat); root stress: (Northern) /e̞/; (Balearic) /ə/; (Central) /ɛ/; (Northwestern, Valencia) /e/

1. (intransitive) to roam, to wander
2. (transitive) to do something incorrectly

   Antonym: encertar

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of errar (first conjugation)

infinitive			errar
gerund			errant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		errat		errada
		plural		errats		errades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	erro	erres	erra	errem	erreu	erren
	imperfect	errava	erraves	errava	erràvem	erràveu	erraven
	future	erraré	erraràs	errarà	errarem	errareu	erraran
	preterite	errí	errares	errà	erràrem	erràreu	erraren
	conditional	erraria	erraries	erraria	erraríem	erraríeu	errarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	erri	erris	erri	errem	erreu	errin
	imperfect	errés	erressis	errés	erréssim	erréssiu	erressin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	erra	erri	errem	erreu	errin
	negative (no)	—	no erris	no erri	no errem	no erreu	no errin

Derived terms

• erra
• errada
• erradívol
• errador
• errívol
• erro

Related terms

• errabund
• errant
• errata
• erràtic
• erroni
• error
• inerrable
• inerrant

Further reading

• “errar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “errar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “errar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “errar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin errāre

Old Galician-Portuguese errar

Portuguese errar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese errar, from Latin errāre (“to err”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /eˈʁa(ʁ)/ [eˈha(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /eˈʁa(ʁ)/ [eˈha(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /eˈʁa(ɾ)/ [eˈha(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /eˈʁa(ʁ)/ [eˈχa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /eˈʁa(ɻ)/ [eˈha(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /eˈʁaɾ/, /iˈʁaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /eˈʁaɾ/, /iˈʁaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /eˈʁa.ɾi/, /iˈʁa.ɾi/

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: er‧rar

Verb

errar (first-person singular present erro, first-person singular preterite errei, past participle errado)

1. (intransitive) to err (make a mistake)

   Synonyms: enganar-se, equivocar-se

   Antonym: acertar

   Errei quando mudei de emprego. ― I made a mistake when I changed my job.

   Errei no cálculo. ― I erred in the calculation.

2. (transitive) to miss (fail to hit)

   Antonyms: acertar, atingir

   A bala errou o alvo. ― The bullet missed the target.

3. (transitive) to do something incorrectly

   Antonym: acertar

   Se errares o passo, cairás. ― If you miss your step you will fall.

4. (intransitive) to roam (wander or travel freely and with no specific destination)

   Synonyms: perambular, vagar, vaguear

Conjugation

    Conjugation of errar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	errar
Personal	errar	errares	errar	errarmos	errardes	errarem
Gerund
	errando
Past participle
Masculine	errado			errados
Feminine	errada			erradas
Indicative
Present	erro	erras	erra	erramos	errais	erram
Imperfect	errava	erravas	errava	errávamos	erráveis	erravam
Preterite	errei	erraste	errou	erramos1, errámos2	errastes	erraram
Pluperfect	errara	erraras	errara	erráramos	erráreis	erraram
Future	errarei	errarás	errará	erraremos	errareis	errarão
Conditional	erraria	errarias	erraria	erraríamos	erraríeis	errariam
Subjunctive
Present	erre	erres	erre	erremos	erreis	errem
Imperfect	errasse	errasses	errasse	errássemos	errásseis	errassem
Future	errar	errares	errar	errarmos	errardes	errarem
Imperative
Affirmative		erra	erre	erremos	errai	errem
Negative (não)		não erres	não erre	não erremos	não erreis	não errem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• me erra

Related terms

• errado
• errante
• erro
• erróneo

Further reading

• “errar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “errar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin errāre. Related to English and Spanish error.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eˈraɾ/ [eˈraɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: e‧rrar
• Homophone: herrar

Verb

errar (first-person singular present (Spain) yerro or (Latin America) erro, first-person singular preterite erré, past participle errado)

1. (transitive) to miss
2. (transitive, poetic) to be wrong, to err

   Synonyms: equivocarse, marrar

3. (intransitive, poetic) to wander around, roam

   Synonyms: divagar, vagar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of errar (e-ye alternation or non-alternating) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			errar
gerund			errando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		errado		errada
		plural		errados		erradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	yerro3, erro4	yerras3, erras4tú errásvos	yerra3, erra4	erramos	erráis	yerran3, erran4
	imperfect	erraba	errabas	erraba	errábamos	errabais	erraban
	preterite	erré	erraste	erró	erramos	errasteis	erraron
	future	erraré	errarás	errará	erraremos	erraréis	errarán
	conditional	erraría	errarías	erraría	erraríamos	erraríais	errarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	yerre3, erre4	yerres3, erres4tú errésvos2	yerre3, erre4	erremos	erréis	yerren3, erren4
	imperfect (ra)	errara	erraras	errara	erráramos	errarais	erraran
	imperfect (se)	errase	errases	errase	errásemos	erraseis	errasen
	future1	errare	errares	errare	erráremos	errareis	erraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		yerra3, erra4tú errávos	yerre3, erre4	erremos	errad	yerren3, erren4
	negative		no yerres3, no erres4	no yerre3, no erre4	no erremos	no erréis	no yerren3, no erren4

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.
³Spain.
⁴Latin America.

    Selected combined forms of errar (e-ye alternation or non-alternating)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive errar	dative	errarme	errarte	errarle, errarse	errarnos	erraros	errarles, errarse
	accusative	errarme	errarte	errarlo, errarla, errarse	errarnos	erraros	errarlos, errarlas, errarse
with gerund errando	dative	errándome	errándote	errándole, errándose	errándonos	errándoos	errándoles, errándose
	accusative	errándome	errándote	errándolo, errándola, errándose	errándonos	errándoos	errándolos, errándolas, errándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative yerra3, erra4	dative	yérrame1, érrame2	yérrate1, érrate2	yérrale1, érrale2	yérranos1, érranos2	not used	yérrales1, érrales2
	accusative	yérrame1, érrame2	yérrate1, érrate2	yérralo1, érralo2, yérrala1, érrala2	yérranos1, érranos2	not used	yérralos1, érralos2, yérralas1, érralas2
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative errá	dative	errame	errate	errale	erranos	not used	errales
	accusative	errame	errate	erralo, errala	erranos	not used	erralos, erralas
with formal second-person singular imperative yerre3, erre4	dative	yérreme1, érreme2	not used	yérrele1, érrele2, yérrese1, érrese2	yérrenos1, érrenos2	not used	yérreles1, érreles2
	accusative	yérreme1, érreme2	not used	yérrelo1, érrelo2, yérrela1, érrela2, yérrese1, érrese2	yérrenos1, érrenos2	not used	yérrelos1, érrelos2, yérrelas1, érrelas2
with first-person plural imperative erremos	dative	not used	errémoste	errémosle	errémonos	errémoos	errémosles
	accusative	not used	errémoste	errémoslo, errémosla	errémonos	errémoos	errémoslos, errémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative errad	dative	erradme	not used	erradle	erradnos	erraos	erradles
	accusative	erradme	not used	erradlo, erradla	erradnos	erraos	erradlos, erradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative yerren3, erren4	dative	yérrenme1, érrenme2	not used	yérrenle1, érrenle2	yérrennos1, érrennos2	not used	yérrenles1, érrenles2, yérrense1, érrense2
	accusative	yérrenme1, érrenme2	not used	yérrenlo1, érrenlo2, yérrenla1, érrenla2	yérrennos1, érrennos2	not used	yérrenlos1, érrenlos2, yérrenlas1, érrenlas2, yérrense1, érrense2

¹Spain.
²Latin America.

Derived terms

• errancia
• errante
• errar es humano
• erre que erre
• yerro

Related terms

• aberrar
• erróneo
• error

Further reading

• “errar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026