-else

See also: else and Else

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish -ilse, later -ælsæ, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-əlsə/, [-l̩sə]

Suffix

-else

Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process.
‎afbryde (“interrupt”) + ‎-else → ‎afbrydelse (“interruption”)
The result of, or something related to, such an action or process

Synonyms

Derived terms

Danish terms suffixed with -else

Descendants

Norwegian Bokmål: -else
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: -else

References

“-else” in Den Danske Ordbog

Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Low German -else, from Old Saxon -isli, -islo; from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əlsə/, [(ə)lzə]

Suffix

-else n

Creating, from a verb, a noun which is created by the action of this verb (not necessarily one with which the verb is supposed to be done).
Backelse (“pastry”): that which is baked (in a wider sense anything baked like bread and cakes) — from backen (“to bake”)

Radelse (“riddle”): that which is guessed — from raden (“to guess”); compare German Rätsel, Dutch raadsel, Old English rǣdelse

Riemelse (“rhyme”): that which is rhymed — from riemen (“to rhyme”)

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

-sel

Etymology

From Old Saxon -isli, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əlzə/

Suffix

-else n (usually)

Creating a noun from a verb, denoting something on which the verb is performed.
‎backen (“to bake”) + ‎-else → ‎backelse n (“a baked good”, literally “that which is created by baking”)
Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb.
‎decken (“to cover”) + ‎-else → ‎deckelse n (“a cover, a roof, a wrapping”, literally “that which is used to cover”)

Descendants

Plautdietsch: -sel

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Mostly from Danish -else, from Old Danish -ælsæ -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from Old Saxon -isli, -islo.

Also from West Germanic loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from Middle Low German -nisse, from Old Saxon -nissi, from Proto-West Germanic *-nassī (forms abstract nouns), from *-nass, from Proto-Germanic *-inassuz + *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂ (creates collective nouns).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌɛlsə/, /ˌəlsə/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛlsə, -əlsə
Hyphenation: -el‧se
Homophones: Else, -elset

Suffix

-else m or n (definite singular neuter -elset, definite singular masculine -elsen, indefinite plural -elser, definite plural -elsene or -elsa)

Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action.
avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse ― decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection
Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the -ing ending.
drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse ― discussion, translation, facilitation, education
Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the -ing ending.
forbindelse, lignelse ― connection, parable
Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action
skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse ― writing, ghost, starch

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -else

References

“-else” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“-else” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).

Anagrams

esel, esle, lees, lese, sele

Old English

Alternative forms

-elle

Etymology

A metathetic form of Proto-West Germanic *-islī.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /el.se/, [eɫ.ze]

Suffix

-else f (noun-forming suffix)

forms feminine abstract or instance nouns referring to inanimate objects from verbs, causing i-mutation
‎rǣdan (“to advise”) + ‎-else → ‎rǣdelse (“counsel, advice, riddle, enigma”)

‎mierran (“to disturb; to obstruct”) + ‎-else → ‎mierrelse, myrrelse (“an offense, scandal; stumbling block”)

Declension

Weak n-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	-else	-elsan
accusative	-elsan	-elsan
genitive	-elsan	-elsena
dative	-elsan	-elsum

Synonyms

-els

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -else
rædelse

Descendants

English: -le

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish -ilse, compared to Old West Norse -elsi; analog to -sla (verb suffix), agent suffix. Probably derived from Old Saxon -isli, -islo, from Proto-West Germanic *-islī. Also used to represent the Middle Low German suffix -nisse.

Suffix

-else c

-ment, -tion, -ing suffix creating nouns from verbs
‎röra (“to move”) + ‎-else → ‎rörelse (“movement”)

‎hända (“to happen”) + ‎-else → ‎händelse (“occurrence”)