dim

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dim"

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of English Dime.

Symbol

dim

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dime.

See also

Etymology 2

Clipping of English dimension.

Symbol

dim

  1. (mathematics) dimension

Etymology 3

Clipping of English diminished.

Symbol

dim

  1. (music, popular music notation) diminished chord
    A Cdim chord is composed of C–E♭-G♭.

English

Pronunciation

  • enPR: dĭm, IPA(key): /dɪm/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪm

Etymology 1

From Middle English dim, dym, from Old English dim, dimm (“dim, dark, gloomy; wretched, grievous, sad, unhappy”), from Proto-West Germanic *dimm, from Proto-Germanic *dimmaz (“dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰem- (“to whisk, smoke; obscure”). Compare Faroese dimmur (“dark”), Icelandic dimmur (“dark”) and dimma (“darkness”).

Adjective

dim (comparative dimmer, superlative dimmest)

  1. Not bright or colorful.
    Synonyms: dull, dingy; see also Thesaurus:dim
    The lighting was too dim for me to make out his facial features.
  2. (colloquial) Not smart or intelligent.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:stupid
    He may be a bit dim, but he's not entirely stupid.
  3. Indistinct, hazy or unclear.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:indistinct
    His vision grew dimmer as he aged.
  4. Disapproving, unfavorable: rarely used outside the phrase take a dim view of.
    Synonyms: deprecative, improbatory, reprobative, reprobatory
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

dim (uncountable)

  1. (archaic) Dimness.
    • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 278:
      All about me the Red Weed clambered among the ruins, writhing to get above me in the dim. Night, the Mother of Fear and Mystery, was coming upon me.

Verb

dim (third-person singular simple present dims, present participle dimming, simple past and past participle dimmed)

  1. (transitive) To make something less bright.
    He dimmed the lights and put on soft music.
  2. (intransitive) To become darker.
    The lights dimmed briefly when the air conditioning was turned on.
  3. To render dim, obscure, or dark; to make less bright or distinct.
  4. To deprive of distinct vision; to hinder from seeing clearly, either by dazzling or clouding the eyes; to darken the senses or understanding of.
    • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:
      And with our Sun-bright armour as we march,
      Weel chaſe the Starrs from heauen, and dim their eies
      That ſtand and muſe at our admyred armes.
    • 1740, Christopher Pitt, The Aeneid:
      Her starry eyes were dimm'd with streaming tears.
  6. (figurative) To diminish, dull, or curtail.
    All these setbacks had started to dim the hopes of the students.
    Nothing will dim their spirit of resilience.
    A glut might dim the outlook for grain futures.
Derived terms
Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Adjective

dim (not comparable)

  2. (music) Clipping of diminished.

See also

Anagrams

Galician

Verb

dim

  1. (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural present indicative of dizer

Indonesian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈdɪm]
  • Hyphenation: dim

Etymology 1

From Dutch duim.

Noun

dim (plural dim-dim)

  1. thumb
  2. inch
    Synonym: inci

Etymology 2

From English dimmer.

Noun

dim (plural dim-dim)

  1. high-beam headlamp on a road vehicle

Further reading

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas
Proto-Slavic *dymъ
Kashubian dim

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈdim/
    • Rhymes: -im
    • Syllabification: dim

    Noun

    dim m inan

    1. smoke

    Further reading

    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “dym”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
    • “dim”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Latvian

    Verb

    dim

    1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of dimēt
    2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular/plural imperative of dimēt

    Middle Welsh

    Etymology

    Cognate with the rare Old Irish dim (“something, anything”) (which may be a Brythonic loanword), with further etymology uncertain. Matasović derives the word from Proto-Celtic *dis-smi-, dissimilated from Proto-Indo-European *dus-smi- (literally “bad one”).[1] Alternatively, Morris-Jones hypothesizes the original meaning was “share, portion” and derives the word from Proto-Celtic *dīsman, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to share”).[2]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /dim/

    Pronoun

    dim

    1. (in negative phrases) nothing, anything
      For quotations using this term, see Citations:dim.

    Descendants

    • Welsh: dim

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of dim
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    dim ðim nim unchanged

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
    2. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913), A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 315

    Norwegian Bokmål

    Etymology

    From Old Norse dimmr. Related to English dim and Icelandic dimmur.

    Adjective

    dim (neuter singular dimt, definite singular and plural dimme, comparative dimmere, indefinite superlative dimmest, definite superlative dimmeste)

    1. dim
    2. to have bad vision
      Han er dim på synet
      His vision is dim/bad/poor

    References

    Norwegian Nynorsk

    Etymology 1

    From the Old Norse adjective dimmr, from Proto-Germanic *dimmaz. The neuter noun is derived from the adjective. The automotive senses may be a Back-formation from of the verb dimme.

    Adjective

    dim (neuter singular dimt, definite singular and plural dimme, comparative dimmare, indefinite superlative dimmast, definite superlative dimmaste)

    1. gloomy
    2. dim
    Derived terms
    • dimsynt

    Noun

    dim m (definite singular dimmen, indefinite plural dimmar, definite plural dimmane)

    1. (automotive, colloquial) a switching of one's headlamps from high-beam to low-beam
    2. (automotive, colloquial) lever, button or other
    3. (dialectal) clipping of dimme (“twilight, half darkness”)

    Noun

    dim n (definite singular dimmet, uncountable)

    1. (dialectal) dimmest, darkest part of the summer night
    2. (dialectal) twilight
      Synonym: skumring

    Etymology 2

    Noun

    dim m (definite singular dimmen, indefinite plural dimmar, definite plural dimmane)

    1. (colloquial) clipping of dimensjon

    References

    Anagrams

    Old English

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /dim/
    • Rhymes: -im

    Adjective

    dim

    1. alternative form of dimm

    Old Irish

    Etymology 1

      Possibly from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dim), with further etymology uncertain. Matasović derives the Brythonic word from Proto-Celtic *dis-smi-, assimilated from Proto-Indo-European *dus-smi- (literally “bad one”).[1] Alternatively, Morris-Jones hypothesizes the original meaning was “share, portion” and derives the word from Proto-Celtic *dīsman, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to share”).[2]

      Pronoun

      dim

      1. (rare) something, anything
      Derived terms
      • dimde

      Further reading

      Etymology 2

        Univerbation of di (“of/from”) +‎ mo (“my”).

        Determiner

        dim (triggers lenition)

        1. of/from my

        Etymology 3

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈd̠ʲiβ̃ʲ/

        Verb

        ·dim

        1. third-person singular present indicative prototonic of do·eim

        Mutation

        Mutation of dim
        radical lenition nasalization
        dim dim
        pronounced with /ðʲ-/        		 ndim

        Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
        All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

        References

        1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
        2. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913), A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 315

        Serbo-Croatian

        Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
        Proto-Indo-European *-mós
        Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
        Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas
        Proto-Slavic *dymъ
        Serbo-Croatian dim

          Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /dîm/

          Noun

          dȉm m inan (Cyrillic spelling ди̏м)

          1. smoke

          Declension

          Declension of dim
          singular plural
          nominative dȉm dȉmovi
          genitive dȉma dȉmōvā
          dative dȉmu dȉmovima
          accusative dȉm dȉmove
          vocative dȉme dȉmovi
          locative dìmu dȉmovima
          instrumental dȉmom dȉmovima

          Derived terms

          • dȉmnī sìgnāl

          References

          • Matea Birtić et al. (2012), “dim”, in Školski rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [School Dictionary of the Croatian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje [Institute of the Croatian Language and Linguistics]; Školska knjiga

          Slovene

          Etymology

          Etymology tree
          Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
          Proto-Indo-European *-mós
          Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
          Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas
          Proto-Slavic *dymъ
          Slovene dim

            Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /dím/

            Noun

            dȉm m inan

            1. smoke

            Declension

            Unknown tone or non-tonal
            		 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
            Masculine inan., hard o-stem
            nominative dìm
            genitive díma
            singular
            nominative
            (imenovȃlnik)             		dìm
            genitive
            (rodȋlnik)             		díma
            dative
            (dajȃlnik)             		dímu
            accusative
            (tožȋlnik)             		dìm
            locative
            (mẹ̑stnik)             		dímu
            instrumental
            (orọ̑dnik)             		dímom

            Further reading

            • “dim”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

            Sumerian

            Romanization

            dim

            1. romanization of 𒁴 (dim)

            Sundanese

            Etymology

            Borrowed from Dutch duim.

            Noun

            dim (Sundanese spelling ᮓᮤᮙ᮪)

            1. inch

            References

            Talysh

            Etymology

            Cognate to Northern Kurdish dêm (“face”), Persian دیم (“face”).

            Noun

            dim

            1. (anatomy) face
            2. surface, cover
            3. front
            4. (figurative) impudence, nerve

            Vietnamese

            Pronunciation

            Etymology 1

            (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

            Verb

            dim • (淫, 𥇌 / 𥉰, 𥌸, 𥌈, 𲲽) (rare on its own)

            1. (of the eyes) to half-close
            Derived terms

            Etymology 2

            See rim for more information.

            Verb

            dim • (焰)

            1. (Hà Nội) obsolete spelling of rim (“to simmer, braise”)

            Further reading

            • “dim”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation.

            Welsh

            Etymology

            From Middle Welsh dim, cognate with the rare Old Irish dim (“something, anything”) (which may be a Brythonic loanword), with further etymology uncertain. See the Middle Welsh entry for more information.

            Development of the particle sense (“not”) is an instance of Jespersen's Cycle.[1]

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /dɪm/
            • Rhymes: -ɪm

            Adjective

            dim

            1. any
            2. no, not, none

            Pronoun

            dim

            1. (in negative phrases) nothing, anything
              Synonym: dim byd
            2. none, nil, zero

            Derived terms

            Particle

            dim

            1. not

            Usage notes

            As a verbal particle, almost always appears mutated as ddim.

            Synonyms

            • ni (“not”) (literary)

            Mutation

            Mutated forms of dim
            radical soft nasal aspirate
            dim ddim nim unchanged

            Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
            All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

            References

            1. ^ Borsley, Robert D.; Tallerman, Maggie; Willis, David (18 October 2007), The Syntax of Welsh, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 311

            Further reading

            • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “dim”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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