comprehend

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Indo-European *per-

Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-i

Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i?

Proto-Italic *prai

Proto-Italic *prai-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *gʰnédti

Proto-Italic *hendō

Proto-Italic *praiɣendō

Latin prehendō

Latin comprehendōbor.

Middle English comprehenden

English comprehend

From Middle English comprehenden, from Latin comprehendere (“to grasp”), from the prefix com- + prehendere (“to seize”). Doublet of comprend.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kɒmpɹɪˈhɛnd/
• (General American, Atlantic Canada) IPA^(key): /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/, /ˌkɑmpɹiˈhɛnd/

  • Audio (Southern California):

    (file)

• (Australia) IPA^(key): /kɔmpɹɪˈhend/
• Rhymes: -ɛnd

Verb

comprehend (third-person singular simple present comprehends, present participle comprehending, simple past and past participle comprehended)

1. (transitive) To understand or grasp fully and thoroughly; to plumb. [from 14th c.]

   Synonym: see

   I just can't comprehend how someone could be a butcher and vegetarian at the same time.

   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:

     Our ſoules, whoſe faculties can comprehend
     The wondrous Architecture of the world:
     And meaſure euery wandring planets courſe,
     Still climing after knowledge infinite, […]

2. (now rare) To include, comprise; to contain. [from 14th c.]
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     And lothly mouth, unmeete a mouth to bee, / That nought but gall and venim comprehended […].

   • 1690, “A diary of one of the French officers that served at Morgen under the command of Monsieur de Bruham, containing several particulars relating to the former discourse”, in A Full and True Relation of the Great and Wonderful Revolution That Hapned Lately in the Kingdom of Siam in the East-Indies, London: Randal Taylor, page 21:

     The King being resolved to have a Peace concluded at any Rate, sent us at last to Monsieur des Farges, who would hearken to no Treaty, without allowing us the benefit of being comprehended in it, by which means our liberty was obtain'd.

   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin, published 2009, page 9:

     In the second century of the Christian Æra, the empire of Rome comprehended the fairest part of the earth, and the most civilized portion of mankind.

Derived terms

• comprehender
• comprehendible
• miscomprehend
• precomprehend

Related terms

• comprehensibility
• comprehensible
• comprehension
• comprehensive
• comprehensiveness
• comprise

Translations

to understand

• Bulgarian: разбирам (bg) (razbiram), схващам (bg) (shvaštam)
• Catalan: comprendre (ca)
• Czech: rozumět (cs) impf
• Dutch: bevatten (nl), doorgronden (nl)
• Esperanto: kompreni
• Estonian: mõistma (et), aru saama (et), hoomama
• Finnish: ymmärtää (fi), käsittää (fi), tajuta (fi)
• French: comprendre (fr)
• Friulian: capî
• German: begreifen (de), einsehen (de)
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan)
• Greek: κατανοώ (el) (katanoó)
• Hungarian: megért (hu), ért (hu)
• Icelandic: fatta (is)
• Irish: tuig
• Italian: comprendere (it), capire (it)
• Japanese: 解る (ja) (wakaru), 理解する (ja) (rikai suru)
• Konkani: कळचे (kaḷce)
• Latin: intellegō (la), capiō (la), videō (la)
• Lithuanian: suvokti (lt)
• Malagasy: mahazo (mg)
• Māori: whēiro, whēiroiro, whekori, orotau
• Middle English: comprehenden, understonden
• Norwegian: fatte (no), forstå (no)
• Old English: understandan (West Saxon), ongietan (West Saxon), forstandan, gecnawan, gewitan, ymbfon
• Polish: pojmować (pl) impf, pojąć (pl) pf
• Portuguese: compreender (pt)
• Quechua: aypay
• Romanian: înțelege (ro)
• Russian: понима́ть (ru) (ponimátʹ), постигать (ru) (postigatʹ), осознать (ru) pf (osoznatʹ)
• Sardinian: cumprèndhere
• Sicilian: cumprènniri, capiri (scn)
• Spanish: comprender (es), comprehender (es), percanzar (es), diquelar (es)
• Swedish: inse (sv)
• Turkish: idrak etmek (tr), kavramak (tr), anlamak (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: آڭلامق (anlamak)

• Vietnamese: thấu hiểu (vi)
• Welsh: deall (cy)
• Zulu: -qonda, -bona

to include, contain

• Bulgarian: обхва́щам (bg) (obhváštam), побирам (bg) (pobiram)
• Czech: zahrnovat (cs) impf, obsahovat (cs) impf
• Finnish: käsittää (fi), sisältää (fi)
• French: comprendre (fr)
• German: umfassen (de)
• Greek: περιλαμβάνω (el) (perilamváno)
• Italian: comprendere (it)
• Latin: capiō (la)
• Middle English: comprehenden
• Norwegian: dekke (no)
• Polish: obejmować (pl) impf, objąć (pl) pf
• Portuguese: compreender (pt)
• Romanian: cuprinde (ro)
• Russian: покрыва́ть (ru) (pokryvátʹ)
• Spanish: comprender (es)
• Swedish: omfatta (sv)

French

Verb

comprehend

1. third-person singular present indicative of comprehendre

Middle English

Verb

comprehend

1. (Early Scots, Yorkshire) alternative form of comprehenden