testa

See also: Testa, testá, tèsta, tésta, and těsta
Languages (20)
English
Ambonese Malay • Catalan • Franco-Provençal • French • Galician • Italian • Latin • Latvian • Lombard • Manado Malay • Norwegian Bokmål • Occitan • Old Occitan • Portuguese • Romanian • Romansh • Sicilian • Spanish • Swedish
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English

Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin testa.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈtɛstə/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɛstə
    • Hyphenation: tes‧ta

    Noun

    testa (plural testas or testae or testæ)

    1. (botany) A seed coat.
      The testa develops from the tissue, the integument, originally surrounding the ovule.
      • 1840, James Scott Bowerbank, A History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay, page 30:
        The seeds are furnished with a reticulated testa, very much in appearance like that of the seeds of two closely-allied pericarps in the cabinet of my friend Mr. Ward, of Wellclose-square, the names of which I have been unable to obtain, but which present strong evidence of belonging to the Malvaceæ.
      • 1969, C. W. Bennett, Seed Transmission of Plant Viruses, Alison Smith, Advances in Virus Research, Volume 14, page 224,
        In tests with the Lincoln and Virginia varieties of cowpea, Crowley (1959) found that, in plants infected with bean southern mosaic virus before blossoming, the virus was present in nearly 100% of the testae and endosperms of seeds of both varieties, but could not be detected in the embryos.
      • 1977, Commonwealth Scientific, Industrial Research Organization, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, page 354:
        Thus, two conditions must be satisfied for the testas to have this effect: contact between the testas and the radicle, and the presence of at least half of the testas.
      • 2005, D. W. Dickson, D. De Waele, Nematode Parasites of Peanut, Michel Luc, Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge, Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, page 419,
        A.[Aphelenchoides] arachidis is a parasite of pods, testae, roots and hypocotyls, but not the cotyledons, embryos or other parts of the plant (Bos, 1977a; Bridge et al., 1977).
      • 2007, J. Smartt, “Evolution of American Phaseolus beans under domestication”, in Peter John Ucko, G. W. Dimbleby, editors, The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, page 458:
        One of the most remarkable features of cultivated beans is the enormous range of testa colours and patterns which can be found.
    2. (marine biology) The external calciferous shell, or endoskeleton, of an echinoderm; the test.

    Derived terms

    Anagrams

    Ambonese Malay

    Etymology

    Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese testa, from Old Galician-Portuguese testa, from Latin testa.

    Noun

    testa

    1. forehead

    References

    • D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998), Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎[1], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

    Catalan

    Etymology 1

      Inherited from Latin testa (“burned clay; baked earthenware”).

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      testa f (plural testes)

      1. (Empordanese) head
        Synonym: cap
      2. end (of a post, plank, barrel, etc.)
      3. (botany) testa (the outer layer of a seed coat)
      Derived terms

      Etymology 2

      Pronunciation

      Adjective

      testa

      1. feminine singular of test (“tense”)

      Etymology 3

      Pronunciation

      Verb

      testa

      1. inflection of testar (“to test”):
        1. third-person singular present indicative
        2. second-person singular imperative

      Etymology 4

      Pronunciation

      Verb

      testa

      1. inflection of testar (“to witness”):
        1. third-person singular present indicative
        2. second-person singular imperative

      Further reading

      Franco-Provençal

      Noun

      testa (Old Beaujolais, Piemontais)

      1. alternative form of téta (“head”)

      References

      • testa in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

      French

      Pronunciation

      Verb

      testa

      1. third-person singular past historic of tester

      Anagrams

      Galician

      Etymology 1

      Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese testa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin testa (“earthen pot”).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈtɛsta/ [ˈt̪ɛs̺.t̪ɐ]
      • Rhymes: -ɛsta
      • Hyphenation: tes‧ta

      Noun

      testa f (plural testas)

      1. forehead
        • 1390, José Luís Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 133:
          Et avia ẽno rrostro hũu palmo et meo en longo et ẽna barua hũu palmo, et ẽno nariz hũu meo palmo; et ẽna testa hũu palmo et pouquo mais
          He had a palmspan and a half in his face, and in the beard a palmspan, and half one in the nose; and in the front he had one palmspan and a little more
        • 1434, A. López Carreira (ed.), Libro de Notas de Álvaro Afonso, doc. 90:
          os quaes roçiins era huun delles ven preto con hun signal enna testa et ho outro ben çerbyño con huna mancha enna testa
          one of that horses was really dark, with a signal in his forehead, and the other was tawny with a spot in his forehead
        Synonym: fronte
      2. (figurative) the whole head of a person
        • 1697, several authors, Fiestas Minervales, Santiago: Antonio Frayz, page 34:
          Dubido do que farei / Para saír desta enfeita / Maxino roer as uñas / E bourar mui ben na testa
          I'm dubious on what to do / To exit of this preparation / I imagine gnawing my nails / And ably beating my head
        Synonyms: cabeza, cachola, croca
      3. limit of a property
        Synonyms: derrego, estremeiro, límite, lindeiro
      4. fore
        Synonym: fronte
      5. lid
        Synonym: tello
      Derived terms

      Etymology 2

      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈtesta/ [ˈt̪es̺.t̪ɐ]
      • Rhymes: -esta
      • Hyphenation: tes‧ta

      Adjective

      testa f sg

      1. feminine singular of testo

      Etymology 3

      Verb

      testa

      1. inflection of testar:
        1. third-person singular present indicative
        2. second-person singular imperative

      References

      Italian

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈtɛs.ta/[1]
      • Audio (la testa):(file)
      • Audio (testa):(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɛsta
      • Hyphenation: tè‧sta

      Etymology 1

        From Latin testa. The semantic development is earthen pot → skull → head.

        Noun

        testa f (plural teste, diminutive testìna or testolìna or (uncommon, usually of butchered animals) testicciòla or (literary, uncommon, usually of butchered animals) testicciuòla, augmentative testóna or (with specialized meanings) testóne m, pejorative testàccia, derogatory testùccia)

        1. (anatomy) head
        2. (numismatics) obverse (of a coin)
        3. (anatomy) head (of a bone)
        4. (rail transport, singular only, uncountable) head (of a train), the first car(s)
          Antonym: coda
          La prima classe è in testa al treno ― The first class is at the head of the train
        Synonyms
        • (part of the body): capo
        Derived terms
        Descendants
        • → Alemannic German: Teste
        • → Spanish: testa

        Etymology 2

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Verb

        testa

        1. inflection of testare:
          1. third-person singular present indicative
          2. second-person singular imperative

        References

        1. ^ “testa” in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

        Anagrams

        Latin

        Etymology

        Unknown:

        • Perhaps as if tosta, from torreō (“to burn, parch”).[1]
        • Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-t-, from *tetḱ- (“to create, produce”) (whence Latin texō (“to weave”)), and thus cognate with Middle Persian tšt' (tašt, “bowl”). De Vaan considers a derivation from *tetḱ-(o-/eh₂-) unlikely for both formal and semantic reasons,[2] although his formal argument does not rule out a dental-suffixed form of the root, *tetḱ-t-.
        • Borrowed from a substrate language, as words for vessels often are.[2]

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        testa f (genitive testae); first declension

        1. a piece of burned clay, brick, tile
        2. (transferred sense) a piece of baked earthenware
          1. an earthen pot, pitcher, jug, urn
          2. a sherd, potsherd
          3. a piece of bone
          4. ostracon (= ὄστρακον (óstrakon))
          5. the shell of shellfish or of testaceous animals, shellfish
          6. (Late Latin) skull
            Synonyms: calva, calvāria, crānium
        3. a sort of clapping with the flat of the hands (as if with two tiles), in token of applause, invented by Nero

        Declension

        First-declension noun.

        singular plural
        nominative testa testae
        genitive testae testārum
        dative testae testīs
        accusative testam testās
        ablative testā testīs
        vocative testa testae

        Derived terms

        Descendants

        References

        1. ^ “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
        2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “testa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 617

        Further reading

        • “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
        • “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
        • "testa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
        • “testa”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
        • “testa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
        • testa in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
        • “testa”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
        • Cravens, Thomas D. Cross-language evidence in etymology: The origin of 'testa' as 'head' in Romance. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 83: 53–60.

        Latvian

        Noun

        testa m

        1. genitive singular of tests

        Lombard

        Alternative forms

        • tèsta (Classical Milanese Orthography)

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        testa f

        1. head

        Manado Malay

        Etymology

        Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese testa, from Old Galician-Portuguese testa, from Latin testa.

        Noun

        testa

        1. forehead

        References

        • Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara (2021), Kamus Dwibahasa Melayu Manado-Indonesia (in Indonesian), Manado: Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

        Norwegian Bokmål

        Alternative forms

        Verb

        testa

        1. inflection of teste:
          1. simple past
          2. past participle

        Occitan

        Noun

        testa f (plural testas)

        1. alternative form of tèsta

        Old Occitan

        Etymology

        From Latin testa.

        Noun

        testa f (oblique plural testas, nominative singular testa, nominative plural testas)

        1. head

        Descendants

        Portuguese

        testa

        Pronunciation

         

        • Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):(file)
        • Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɛstɐ, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ɛʃtɐ
        • Hyphenation: tes‧ta

        Etymology 1

        Etymology tree
        Latin testa
        Old Galician-Portuguese testa
        Portuguese testa

          Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese testa, from Latin testa.

          Noun

          testa f (plural testas)

          1. forehead (part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline)
          Derived terms
          Descendants

          Etymology 2

            See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

            Verb

            testa

            1. inflection of testar:
              1. third-person singular present indicative
              2. second-person singular imperative

            Further reading

            Romanian

            Etymology

            Etymology tree
            French test
            Proto-Italic *-āzi
            ▲
            Latin -ereinflu.
            Latin -āre
            Old French -ier
            Middle French -er
            French -er
            French testerbor.
            Romanian testa

              Borrowed from French tester.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /teˈsta/

              Verb

              a testa (third-person singular present testează, past participle testat) 1st conjugation

              1. (transitive) to test; to try
                Synonym: încerca

              Conjugation

                  conjugation of testa (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
              infinitive a testa
              gerund testând
              past participle testat
              number singular plural
              person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
              indicative eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
              present testez testezi testează testăm testați testează
              imperfect testam testai testa testam testați testau
              simple perfect testai testași testă testarăm testarăți testară
              pluperfect testasem testaseși testase testaserăm testaserăți testaseră
              subjunctive eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
              present să testez să testezi să testeze să testăm să testați să testeze
              imperative — tu — — voi —
              affirmative testează testați
              negative nu testa nu testați

              References

              Romansh

              Etymology

              From Latin testa (“pot”).

              Noun

              testa f (plural testas)

              1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) head

              Usage notes

              In Rumantsch Grischun, the literary standard language, testa is used in the figurative sense, and chau in the anatomical sense. Usage differs somewhat, however, between dialects.

              Synonyms

              Sicilian

              Etymology

              From Latin testa (“earthen pot”).

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /t̪ʲɛs(ʃ)ta/
              • Hyphenation: te‧sta

              Noun

              testa f (plural testi)

              1. (anatomy) head
              2. intelligent person
              3. intelligence

              Spanish

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /ˈtesta/ [ˈt̪es.t̪a]
              • Rhymes: -esta
              • Syllabification: tes‧ta

              Etymology 1

                Derived from Latin testa. Compare the inherited Old Spanish tiesta.

                Noun

                testa f (plural testas)

                1. head
                2. test (shell or endoskeleton of an echinoderm or certain plankton)
                Derived terms

                Etymology 2

                  See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

                  Verb

                  testa

                  1. inflection of testar:
                    1. third-person singular present indicative
                    2. second-person singular imperative

                  Further reading

                  Swedish

                  Pronunciation

                  • Audio:(file)

                  Verb

                  testa (present testar, preterite testade, supine testat, imperative testa)

                  1. to try, to attempt; (to see if a specific action is possible; also to see if a device works properly)

                  Conjugation

                  Conjugation of testa (weak)
                  active passive
                  infinitive testa testas
                  supine testat testats
                  imperative testa —
                  imper. plural1 testen —
                  present past present past
                  indicative testar testade testas testades
                  ind. plural1 testa testade testas testades
                  subjunctive2 teste testade testes testades
                  present participle testande
                  past participle testad

                  1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

                  Further reading

                  • “testa”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)

                  Anagrams

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