lis

See also: Appendix:Variations of "lis"

Languages (25)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Albanian • Antigua and Barbuda Creole English • Aragonese • Catalan • Czech • Dutch • Franco-Provençal • French • Friulian • Haitian Creole • Indonesian • Latin • Lithuanian • Middle High German • Ngas • Nuxalk • Old Czech • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Spanish

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

lis

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Lisu.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Lisu terms

English

Etymology 1

Noun

lis (plural lisses)

1. (heraldry) Clipping of fleur-de-lis.
   • 1915, Guy Cadogan Rothery, ABC of Heraldry, page 175:

     […] it may be dimidiated: for instance, half a rose and half a lis being stuck together, or half a lis and half an eagle.

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin lis (“quarrel, lawsuit”).

Noun

lis

1. (law) The substance of a legal dispute.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

lis

1. plural of li

Anagrams

• ILS, ILs, ISL, LSI, SIL, SLI, Sil, isl., sil

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch list, from Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ləs/

Noun

lis (plural liste)

1. ruse, trick, cunning plan

Derived terms

• listig

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lis/

Etymology 1

Most likely a formation after lëndë (“timber”), similarly to the connection of vis with vend. Alternatively, Orel suggests a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“forest, woods”), whence Serbo-Croatian lȇs / ле̑с, Bulgarian лес (les), although in this case one would expect the auslaut to have undergone palatalization. Because of the /-i-/ < *-ě-, the Slavic dialect is identified as Ikavian.

Noun

lis m (plural lisa, definite lisi, definite plural lisat)

1. oak (Quercus, specifically Quercus robur)

   Synonym: dushk

   Hyponyms: lis i bardhë (“Quercus cerris”), lis bujk (“Quercus trojana”), lis i butë (“Quercus pubescens”), lis i egër (“Ilex”)

   Coordinate terms: bung, ilqe, qarr, shpardh

2. tall tree
3. (genealogy) lineage

   lis i gjakut ― patrilineal descendants

   lis i gjinisë ― matrilineal descendants

Declension

Declension of lis

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lis	lisi	lisa	lisat
accusative		lisin
dative	lisi	lisit	lisave	lisave
ablative			lisash

Adjective

lis (feminine lise)

1. (figurative) strong and tall

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *leitšja, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to pour”). Cognate with Latin libare (“to pour, to libate”), Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿 (leiþu, “fruit wine”).

Verb

lis (aorist lysa, participle lysur)

1. to pour

Derived terms

• lise

Related terms

• lot

Further reading

• Jani Thomai et al. (2006), “lis”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), Tiranë: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë
• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1], 1980
• Newmark, Leonard (1999), “lis”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Antigua and Barbuda Creole English

Etymology

From English lisp.

Noun

lis (plural lis dem, quantified lis)

1. lisp

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin ille (“that one”).

Pronoun

lis

1. (to) them (indirect object)

   Synonym: les

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French lis. Doublet of lliri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈlis]

Noun

lis m (plural lisos)

1. Jacobean lily (Sprekelia formosissima)

   Synonym: lliri azteca

Derived terms

• flor de lis

Further reading

• “lis”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɪs]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *lisъ

Old Czech lis

Czech lis

Inherited from Old Czech lis (“press”), from Proto-Slavic *lisъ (“fox”).

Noun

lis m inan

1. (machine) press, squeezer

   Synonym: pres

Declension

Declension of lis (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	lis	lisy
genitive	lisu	lisů
dative	lisu	lisům
accusative	lis	lisy
vocative	lise	lisy
locative	lisu, lise	lisech
instrumental	lisem	lisy

Derived terms

• lisovat

Related terms

• liška
• lísat

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of listopad.

Noun

lis m inan

1. abbreviation of listopad or listopadu (“November”)

   Coordinate terms: led, úno, bře, dub, kvě, čvn, čvc, srp, zář, říj, pro

Further reading

• “lis”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “lis”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “lis”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɪs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪs
• Hyphenation: lis

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch lesch, lesche, lisc, lyse; probably from the same ultimate origin as Old High German liska, which see (modern German Liesch).

Noun

lis m or n (plural lissen, diminutive lisje n)

1. iris (plant of the genus Iris)

Alternative forms

• lisch (obsolete)

Derived terms

• gele lis
• lisaardvlo
• lisdodde
• lissenboorder
• lissnuitkever
• Siberische lis

Etymology 2

See lus.

Noun

lis f (plural lissen, diminutive lisje n)

1. alternative form of lus

Franco-Provençal

Alternative forms

• lire

Etymology

Inherited from Latin lilium.

Noun

lis m (plural lis) (ORB, broad)

1. lily

References

• lys in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• lis in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Alternative forms

• lys

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French lis, from Old French lis, generalised from the nominative singular and accusative plural of earlier lil, from Latin lilium.

The final /s/ survives from the Middle French pausal pronunciation (as in fils, ours, os, tous, etc.), but fleur de lis was formerly also pronounced with /li/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lis/

• Audio; “le lis”:

  (file)

• Homophones: lice, lices, lisse, lissent, lisses
• Rhymes: -is

Noun

lis m (invariable)

1. lily
   • 1903, Maurice Pillard Verneuil, Étude de la plante‎^[2], page 4:

     Le bulbe est une autre variété des tiges souterraines. On le rencontre chez le lis, l'oignon, le poireau, l'ail, la tulipe, etc.

     The bulb is another type of underground stem. It is found in lilies, onions, leeks, garlic, tulips, etc.

Derived terms

• fleur de lis
• lis de mer

Descendants

• → Catalan: lis
• → English: lis
• → Galician: lis
• → Portuguese: lis
• → Spanish: lis

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /li/

Verb

lis

1. inflection of lire:
   1. first/second-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular present imperative

Further reading

• “lis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Anagrams

• ils, s'il

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin illas, accusative feminine plural of illae.

Article

lis f pl (singular la)

1. the

Inflection

Friulian definite articles

	singular	plural
masculine	il l'	i
feminine	la l'	lis

See also

• i

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lis/

Etymology 1

From French liste (“list”).

Noun

lis

1. list

Etymology 2

From French lisse (“smooth”).

Adjective

lis

1. smooth

Related terms

• lise

References

• Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[3], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 117

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• les

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɪs]
• Hyphenation: lis

Etymology 1

From Dutch lijst.

Noun

lis

1. list, a register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself

   Synonyms: daftar, senarai

Etymology 2

From Dutch lijst, from Middle Dutch lijste, from Old Dutch *līsta, from Proto-West Germanic *līstā.

Noun

lis

1. frame, border

   Synonym: bingkai

Further reading

• “lis”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Latin

Etymology

From Old Latin stlīs, slīs, perhaps with unusual reduction from Proto-Italic *slītis (“accusation, dispute”), from Proto-Indo-European *sliH-ti-, possibly from a root Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyH- (“to accuse”); cognate with Old Irish liid (“accuse, charge”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈliːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈlis]

Noun

līs f (genitive lītis); third declension

1. lawsuit, action
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 5.2.23:

     TH[eopropides:] Maxime, accipito hanc <tute> ad te litem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 69 BCE, Cicero, Pro Caecina 26.74:

     Fundus a patre relinqui potest, at usucapio fundi, hoc est finis sollicitudinis ac periculi litium, non a patre relinquitur, sed a legibus;

     • Translation by Charles Duke Yonge

       A farm can be left me by my father, but the enjoyment of the farm—that is to say, freedom from all anxiety and danger of law-suits—is not left to me by my father, but by the laws.

2. contention, strife, quarrel

   Synonyms: rixa, certatus, iūrgium

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.21:

     Hanc deus et melior lītem nātūra dirēmit.

     • 1916 translation by Frank Justus Miller

       God—or kindlier Nature—composed this strife;

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.29–30:

     līte vacent aurēs, īnsānaque prōtinus absint / iūrgia; differ opus, līvida lingua, tuum!

     • 1851 translation by Henry T. Riley

       Let our ears be relieved from strife, and forthwith let maddening discords he far away; and thou envious tongue, postpone thy occupation.

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	līs	lītēs
genitive	lītis	lītium
dative	lītī	lītibus
accusative	lītem	lītēs lītīs
ablative	līte	lītibus
vocative	līs	lītēs

Derived terms

• lītigō

Descendants

• Galician: lide
• Italian: lite
• Portuguese: lide
• Sicilian: liti
• Spanish: lid

See also

• causa
• crīmen
• quaestiō
• rēs

Further reading

• “lis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "lis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “lis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the case is still undecided: adhuc sub iudice lis est (Hor. A. P. 77)
    
  • to lose one's case: causā or lite cadere (owing to some informality)
    
  • chicanery (specially of wrongfully accusing an innocent man): calumniae litium (Mil. 27. 74)
    
  • (ambiguous) to go to law with, sue a person: litem alicui intendere
    
  • (ambiguous) to win a case: causam or litem obtinere
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's case: causam or litem amittere, perdere
    

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlʲɪs]
• Rhymes: -ɪs
• Syllabification: li̇̀s

Verb

li̇̀s

1. third-person singular future of lyti
2. third-person plural future of lyti

Middle High German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈlis̠/

Verb

lis

1. second-person singular present imperative of lësen

Ngas

Noun

lis

1. tongue

Nuxalk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lis/

Verb

lis

1. (transitive) to push something

References

• Nater, Hank (2022), The Nuxalk Language: (lexicon, narratives, grammar), →DOI, page 87

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lisъ (“fox”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈlis/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈlis/

Noun

lis m inan

1. winepress

Declension

Declension of lis (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	lis	lisy	lisi, lisové
genitive	lisa, lisu	lisú	lisóv
dative	lisu	lisoma	lisóm
accusative	lis	lisy	lisy
vocative	lise	lisy	lisi, lisové
locative	lisě, lisu	lisú	lisiech
instrumental	lisem	lisoma	lisy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Related terms

• lisa
• lisicě
• liška
• lísati

Descendants

• Czech: lis

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “lis”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lisъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlis/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: lis
• Homophone: Lis

Noun

lis m animal (female equivalent lisica, diminutive lisek, augmentative lisisko)

1. fox (Vulpini, especially the genus Vulpes)
2. (colloquial) fox fur

Declension

Declension of lis

	singular	plural
nominative	lis	lisy
genitive	lisa	lisów
dative	lisowi	lisom
accusative	lisa	lisy
instrumental	lisem	lisami
locative	lisie	lisach
vocative	lisie	lisy

Derived terms

• chytry jak lis
• farbowany lis
• Lis
• lis afgański
• lis bengalski
• lis blady
• lis długouchy
• lis krabojad
• lis morski
• lis piaskowy
• lis płowy
• lis polarny
• lis przylądkowy
• lis rudy
• lis stepowy
• lis tybetański
• Lisak
• lisaty
• lisawy
• liseł
• lisi
• lisia czapa
• lisiątko
• lisię
• lisiura
• Lisius
• lisowaty
• lisowczyk
• Lisowski
• liszka
• szczwany lis

Related terms

• piesiec
• rudzielec

Noun

lis m pers

1. (colloquial) fox (a clever or cunning person)

Declension

Declension of lis

	singular	plural
nominative	lis	lisy
genitive	lisa	lisów
dative	lisowi	lisom
accusative	lisa	lisów
instrumental	lisem	lisami
locative	lisie	lisach
vocative	lisie	lisy

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *leyd-der.

Proto-Slavic *listъ

Proto-Slavic *-o-

Proto-Indo-European *ped-

Proto-Balto-Slavic *pṓˀstei

Proto-Slavic *pad-

Proto-Slavic *listopadъ

Old Polish listopad

Polish listopadclip.

Polish lis

Clipping of listopad.

Noun

lis m inan

1. abbreviation of listopad or listopada (“November”)

   Coordinate terms: sty, lut, mar, kwi, maj, cze, lip, sie, wrz, paź, gru

Further reading

• “lis”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “lis”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[6] (in Polish)

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlis/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈlis/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈliʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈliʃ/

• Hyphenation: lis
• Homophone: Lis

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French lis. Doublet of lírio.

Noun

lis m (plural lises)

1. lily

   Synonym: lírio

2. (heraldry) fleur-de-lis

   Synonym: flor-de-lis

Related terms

• flor de lis

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

lis

1. plural of li

Further reading

• “lis”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “lis”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “lis”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “lis”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French lisse.

Adjective

lis m or n (feminine singular lisă, masculine plural liși, feminine/neuter plural lise)

1. smooth

Declension

Declension of lis

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	lis		lisă	liși	lise
	definite	lisul		lisa	lișii	lisele
genitive- dative	indefinite	lis		lise	liși	lise
	definite	lisului		lisei	lișilor	liselor

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

lis m inan (Cyrillic spelling лис)

1. (Croatia) abbreviation of listopad or listopada (“October”)

   Coordinate terms: sij, velj, ožu, tra, svi, lip, srp, kol, ruj, stu, pro

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from French lis. Doublet of lírio.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlis/ [ˈlis]
• Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: lis

Noun

lis f (plural lises)

1. lily

   Synonym: lirio

2. (heraldry) fleur-de-lis

   Synonym: flor de lis

Further reading

• “lis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026