proces

See also: proces', procés, procès, and pročeš

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Italic *pro-
Latin prō-
Proto-Italic *kezdō
Latin cēdō
Latin prōcēdō
Latin processusbor.
German Prozessbor.
Czech proces

    Borrowed from Latin processus or German Prozess.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈprot͡sɛs]
    • Audio:(file)

    Noun

    proces m inan

    1. process

    Declension

    Declension of proces (hard masculine inanimate)
    singular plural
    nominative proces procesy
    genitive procesu procesů
    dative procesu procesům
    accusative proces procesy
    vocative procese procesy
    locative procesu procesech
    instrumental procesem procesy

    See also

    Further reading

    Danish

    Etymology

    Borrowed ultimately from Latin prōcessus (“process, progress, progression”).

    Noun

    proces c (singular definite processen, plural indefinite processer)

    1. process

    Declension

    Declension of proces

    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative proces processen processer processerne
    genitive proces' processens processers processernes

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    • arbejdsproces
    • beslutningsproces
    • demokratiseringsproces
    • dødsproces
    • fornyelsesproces
    • fredsproces
    • fremstillingsproces
    • livsproces
    • læreproces
    • omstillingsproces
    • proceslinje
    • procesoperatør
    • procesret
    • processere
    • processkrift
    • processkrivning
    • processtyring
    • procesteknologi
    • produktionsproces
    • skabelsesproces
    • skriveproces
    • udviklingsproces

    References

    Dutch

    Etymology

    From Middle Dutch proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin processus, past participle of procedo.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /proːˈsɛs/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: pro‧ces
    • Rhymes: -ɛs

    Noun

    proces n (plural processen, diminutive procesje n)

    1. a process, sequential proceeding
    2. (law) a trial, court case, lawsuit

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    legal
    other

    Descendants

    • Afrikaans: proses
    • → Indonesian: proses (“process”)
    • → Indonesian: acara (“trial; court exam”) (semantic loan)
    • → Papiamentu: proces (dated)
    • → West Frisian: proses

    Latin

    Verb

    procēs

    1. second-person singular present active subjunctive of procō

    Old French

    Noun

    proces oblique singular, m (oblique plural proces, nominative singular proces, nominative plural proces)

    1. alternative form of procés

    Polish

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
    Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
    Proto-Indo-European *pér
    Proto-Indo-European *-o
    Proto-Indo-European *pró
    Proto-Indo-European *pro-
    Proto-Italic *pro-
    Latin prō-
    Proto-Italic *kezdō
    Latin cēdō
    Latin prōcēdō
    Latin prōcessusder.
    Polish proces

      Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Prozess or French procès, ultimately from Latin prōcessus.[1][2][3] First attested in the 16th century.[4]

      Pronunciation

       
      • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ.t͡sɛs/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɔt͡sɛs
      • Syllabification: pro‧ces

      Noun

      proces m inan (diminutive procesik, related adjective procesowy)

      1. process (series of events to produce a result)
      2. (sciences) process (series of physical or chemical changes causally related to each other)
      3. (law) trial (appearance at judicial court) [with o (+ accusative) ‘for what’ and przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom’]
        Synonyms: postępowanie, przewód sądowy, rozprawa, sprawa
      4. (computing) process (executable task or program)

      Declension

      Declension of proces
      singular plural
      nominative proces procesy
      genitive procesu procesów
      dative procesowi procesom
      accusative proces procesy
      instrumental procesem procesami
      locative procesie procesach
      vocative procesie procesy

      Derived terms

      verbs

      Descendants

      Trivia

      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), proces is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 84 times in scientific texts, 34 times in news, 67 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 195 times, making it the 283rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

      References

      1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “proces”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
      2. ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “proces”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
      3. ^ Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “proces”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language]‎[1] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC
      4. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “proces”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
      5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “proces”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 435

      Further reading

      Romanian

      Etymology

      Borrowed from French procès, Italian processo, Latin processus. Cf. also purces, possibly an inherited doublet.

      Noun

      proces n (plural procese)

      1. process
      2. trial (in court)
      3. lawsuit, legal case

      Derived terms

      Serbo-Croatian

      Etymology

      Borrowed ultimately from Latin processus; cf. French procès.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /prǒt͡ses/
      • Hyphenation: pro‧ces

      Noun

      pròces m inan (Cyrillic spelling про̀цес)

      1. process

      Declension

      Declension of proces
      singular plural
      nominative proces procesi
      genitive procesa procesa
      dative procesu procesima
      accusative proces procese
      vocative procese procesi
      locative procesu procesima
      instrumental procesom procesima
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