funk

See also: Funk

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    1620, from French dialectal (Norman) funquer, funquier (“to smoke, reek”), from Old Northern French fungier (“to smoke”), from Vulgar Latin fūmicāre, alteration of Latin fūmigāre (“to smoke, fumigate”). Related to French dialect funkière (“smoke”). More at fumigate.

    The musical sense was coined in reference to the sweat and body odor of musicians and dancers. See also stank.

    Noun

    funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)

    1. (countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.
      • 1982, “Thriller”, in Rod Temperton (lyrics), Quincy Jones (music), Thriller, performed by Michael Jackson (featuring Vincent Price), Epic Records:
        The foulest stench is in the air; the funk of 40,000 years and grisly ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom.
    2. (uncountable, music) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.
    Derived terms
    Translations

    Verb

    funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)

    1. (intransitive) To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
    2. (transitive) To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.
      • c. 1709, William King, The Furmentary:
        He funks Basketia and her son to death
      • 2012, M. C. Beaton, Diana the Huntress:
        Funking a cobbler – that is, blowing smoke into his stall; smoking cigars at divans and club houses; […]
    3. (intransitive) To perform funk music.
      • 1989 December 17, Christopher Wittke, “On The Edge In The '80s”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 23, page 9:
        From the earliest part of this decade when he funked in relative obscurity to his days as a superstar with the release of his Batman soundtrack last summer, I could almost always count on Prince.
    4. (euphemistic, slang) Fuck (the taboo swear word).
      Funk this!
    Synonyms
    Derived terms
    Translations

    Etymology 2

      From Middle English funke, fonke (“spark”), from Old English *funca (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”). Cognate with Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”). See also spunk.

      Alternative forms

      • vaunk

      Noun

      funk (plural funks)

      1. (obsolete) Touchwood, punk, tinder.
      Derived terms
      Translations

      Etymology 3

        1743, Scottish and Northern English dialectal word, originally a verb meaning “to panic, fail due to panic”. Perhaps from or cognate with obsolete Dutch fonck (“distress, agitation”), from Middle Dutch fonck (“perturbation, agitation”). More at flunk.

        Noun

        funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)

        1. (countable) Mental depression.
          I've been in a funk lately, I fell into a funk, I slipped into a funk, I was stuck in a funk
          it helped me get out of a funk
        2. (uncountable) A state of fear or panic, especially cowardly.
        3. (countable) One who fears or panics; a coward.
          • 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:
            It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
        Derived terms
        Translations

        Verb

        funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)

        1. (ambitransitive) To shrink from, or avoid something because of fear.
          • 1857, Charles Kingsley, “(please specify the page)”, in Two Years Ago, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC:
            He'll have funked it, when he comes to the edge, and sees nothing but mist below
          • 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:
            It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
          • 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 56:
            "Always wanted a go at the figure. Funked it. Shows what a man can do, given the right model. Dam' good model."
        2. (transitive) To frighten; to cause to flinch.
        Derived terms
        Translations

        Danish

        Etymology 1

        From English funk. Attested since 1977.

        Noun

        funk c (singular definite funken, not used in plural form)

        1. (music) funk
        Declension
        Declension of funk
        common
        gender         		singular
        indefinite definite
        nominative funk funken
        genitive funks funkens
        Synonyms
        Derived terms

        See also

        Etymology 2

        See funke.

        Verb

        funk

        1. imperative of funke

        References

        Dutch

        Etymology

        Borrowed from English funk.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /fʏŋk/
        • Audio:(file)
        • Hyphenation: funk

        Noun

        funk m (uncountable, no diminutive)

        1. funk (music style)

        Norwegian Nynorsk

        Etymology 1

        From English funk.

        Noun

        funk m (definite singular funken, uncountable)

        1. (music) funk

        Etymology 2

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Verb

        funk

        1. imperative of funke

        Etymology 3

        Verb

        funk (present tense funke, past tense funka, past participle funka)

        1. (dialectal, Trøndelag, Nordnorsk) alternative form of funke
        Usage notes

        (the dialectal form): The ending -e in present tense is reduced in the negation form (while spoken). Hence the written form "funk itj" is used, when the standard spelling is "funkar ikkje". Compare to phrases like "æ årsk itj" ("I do not bother").

        Polish

        Etymology 1

        Etymology tree
        French funquerder.
        English funkubor.
        Polish funk

          Unadapted borrowing from English funk.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ˈfaŋk/
          • Rhymes: -aŋk
          • Syllabification: funk

          Noun

          funk m inan (related adjective funkowy)

          1. funk (genre of popular music)
            Synonym: funky
          Declension
          Declension of funk
          singular
          nominative funk
          genitive funku, funka
          dative funkowi
          accusative funku, funka
          instrumental funkiem
          locative funku
          vocative funku

          Etymology 2

          Etymology tree
          Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-
          Proto-Indo-European *-né-
          Proto-Indo-European *-ti
          Proto-Indo-European *bʰunégti
          Proto-Italic *fungōr
          Latin fungor
          Proto-Indo-European *-tós
          Proto-Indo-European *-is
          Proto-Indo-European *-tis
          Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
          Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
          Proto-Italic *-tiō
          Latin -tiō
          Latin fūnctiōnemlbor.
          French fonction
          Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
          Proto-Indo-European *-is
          Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
          Proto-Italic *-ālis
          Latin -ālis
          Latin -ārisslbor.
          Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
          Proto-Indo-European *-os?
          Proto-Indo-European *-o-
          Proto-Indo-European *-so-
          Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-
          Proto-Indo-European *-is
          Proto-Indo-European *-yós
          Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós
          Proto-Italic *-āsijos
          Proto-Italic *-āsios
          Latin -āriusslbor.
          French -aire
          French fonctionnaire
          German Funktionärbor.
          Polish funkcjonariuszbf.
          Polish funk

            Back-formation from funkcjonariusz.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /ˈfuŋk/
            • Rhymes: -uŋk
            • Syllabification: funk

            Noun

            funk m pers

            1. (historical, rare) official, officer, agent, functionary (paid official of a political party or state security institution)
              • 1996, Henryk Pająk, Rządy zbirów: 1940-1990:
                W czołowym dzienniku polskojęzycznym uczą nas demokracji, tolerancji, europejskości synale wybitnych funków Komunistycznej Partii Polski, KPZU.
                In the leading Polish-language daily, we are taught democracy, tolerance, and European-ness by the sons of prominent officials of the Communist Party of Poland, CPWU.
            Usage notes

            This word used primarily to refer to functionaries of former communist parties (especially the Communist Party of Poland), as well as organs of the communist state.

            Declension
            Declension of funk
            singular plural
            nominative funk funcy, funki1
            genitive funka funków
            dative funkowi funkom
            accusative funka funków
            instrumental funkiem funkami
            locative funku funkach
            vocative funku funcy

            1Deprecative.

            Further reading

            • “funk”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
            • “funk”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[3] (in Polish)

            Portuguese

            Etymology

              Unadapted borrowing from English funk.

              Pronunciation

              • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈfɐ̃.ki/

              Noun

              funk m (plural funks)

              1. (music, uncountable) funk (a genre of popular music derived from soul music)
              2. (Brazil, music, uncountable) funk carioca (Brazilian music genre derived from Miami bass)
              3. (Brazil, music) a particular song or composition of funk carioca

              Derived terms

              Further reading

              Spanish

              Etymology

              Etymology tree
              French funquerder.
              English funkbor.
              Spanish funk

                Borrowed from English funk.

                Pronunciation

                • IPA(key): /ˈfank/ [ˈfãŋk]
                • Rhymes: -ank

                Noun

                funk m (uncountable)

                1. (music) funk
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