fruir

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fruī, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.

Verb

fruir (first-person singular present frueixo, first-person singular preterite fruí, past participle fruït)

1. to enjoy

   Synonym: gaudir

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of fruir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			fruir
gerund			fruint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fruït		fruïda
		plural		fruïts		fruïdes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	frueixo	frueixes	frueix	fruïm	fruïu	frueixen
	imperfect	fruïa	fruïes	fruïa	fruíem	fruíeu	fruïen
	future	fruiré	fruiràs	fruirà	fruirem	fruireu	fruiran
	preterite	fruí	fruïres	fruí	fruírem	fruíreu	fruïren
	conditional	fruiria	fruiries	fruiria	fruiríem	fruiríeu	fruirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	frueixi	frueixis	frueixi	fruïm	fruïu	frueixin
	imperfect	fruís	fruïssis	fruís	fruíssim	fruíssiu	fruïssin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	frueix	frueixi	fruïm	fruïu	frueixin
	negative (no)	—	no frueixis	no frueixi	no fruïm	no fruïu	no frueixin

References

• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “fruir”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewHg-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHgyéti

Proto-Italic *frūgjōr

Proto-Italic *frūjōr

Latin fruīlbor.

Portuguese fruir

Learned borrowing from Latin fruī.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈi(ʁ)/ [fɾuˈi(h)], (faster) /ˈfɾwi(ʁ)/ [ˈfɾwi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈi(ʁ)/ [fɾuˈi(h)], (faster) /ˈfɾwi(ʁ)/ [ˈfɾwi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈi(ɾ)/, (faster) /ˈfɾwi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈi(ʁ)/ [fɾuˈi(χ)], (faster) /ˈfɾwi(ʁ)/ [ˈfɾwi(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈi(ɻ)/, (faster) /ˈfɾwi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈiɾ/, (faster) /ˈfɾwiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈiɾ/, (faster) /ˈfɾwiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾuˈi.ɾi/, (faster) /ˈfɾwi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: fru‧ir

Verb

fruir (first-person singular present fruo, first-person singular preterite fruí, past participle fruído)

1. to enjoy

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fruir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	fruir
Personal	fruir	fruíres	fruir	fruirmos	fruirdes	fruírem
Gerund
	fruindo
Past participle
Masculine	fruído			fruídos
Feminine	fruída			fruídas
Indicative
Present	fruo	fruis	frui	fruímos	fruís	fruem
Imperfect	fruía	fruías	fruía	fruíamos	fruíeis	fruíam
Preterite	fruí	fruíste	fruiu	fruímos	fruístes	fruíram
Pluperfect	fruíra	fruíras	fruíra	fruíramos	fruíreis	fruíram
Future	fruirei	fruirás	fruirá	fruiremos	fruireis	fruirão
Conditional	fruiria	fruirias	fruiria	fruiríamos	fruiríeis	fruiriam
Subjunctive
Present	frua	fruas	frua	fruamos	fruais	fruam
Imperfect	fruísse	fruísses	fruísse	fruíssemos	fruísseis	fruíssem
Future	fruir	fruíres	fruir	fruirmos	fruirdes	fruírem
Imperative
Affirmative		frui	frua	fruamos	fruí	fruam
Negative (não)		não fruas	não frua	não fruamos	não fruais	não fruam

Further reading

• “fruir”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “fruir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewHg-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHgyéti

Proto-Italic *frūgjōr

Proto-Italic *frūjōr

Latin fruīlbor.

Spanish fruir

Learned borrowing from Latin fruī.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɾuˈiɾ/ [fɾuˈiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: fru‧ir

Verb

fruir (first-person singular present fruyo, first-person singular preterite frui, past participle fruido)

1. (ambitransitive) to enjoy

   Synonym: gozar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fruir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			fruir
gerund			fruyendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fruido		fruida
		plural		fruidos		fruidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fruyo	fruyestú fruisvos	fruye	fruimos	fruis	fruyen
	imperfect	fruía	fruías	fruía	fruíamos	fruíais	fruían
	preterite	frui	fruiste	fruyó	fruimos	fruisteis	fruyeron
	future	fruiré	fruirás	fruirá	fruiremos	fruiréis	fruirán
	conditional	fruiría	fruirías	fruiría	fruiríamos	fruiríais	fruirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fruya	fruyastú fruyásvos2	fruya	fruyamos	fruyáis	fruyan
	imperfect (ra)	fruyera	fruyeras	fruyera	fruyéramos	fruyerais	fruyeran
	imperfect (se)	fruyese	fruyeses	fruyese	fruyésemos	fruyeseis	fruyesen
	future1	fruyere	fruyeres	fruyere	fruyéremos	fruyereis	fruyeren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		fruyetú fruivos	fruya	fruyamos	fruid	fruyan
	negative		no fruyas	no fruya	no fruyamos	no fruyáis	no fruyan

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

• fruición

Further reading

• “fruir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026