bil

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bil"
Languages (30)
Translingual • English
Albanian • Bouyei • Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Elfdalian • Faroese • Garo • Hausa • Icelandic • Khalaj • Kohistani Shina • Middle High German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Polish • Slovak • Swedish • Talysh • Tatar • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • West Frisian • Zou
Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

bil

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bile.

See also

English

Numeral

bil

  1. Abbreviation of billion.

Anagrams

Albanian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bil/

Noun

bil

  1. alternative form of bir (“son”)

Bouyei

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *piːᴬ (“year”). Cognate with Thai ปี (bpii), Northern Thai ᨸᩦ, Lao ປີ (pī), Lü ᦔᦲ (ṗii), Shan ပီ (pǐi), Tai Nüa ᥙᥤ (pi), Phake ပ︀ီ (pī), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī), Zhuang bi.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pi˨˦/

Noun

bil

  1. year

Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao

Noun

bil

  1. hillside; hill; mountain
  2. above; upper side

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈbɪl]
  • Homophone: byl

Etymology 1

Verb

bil

  1. second-person singular imperative of bílit

Etymology 2

Participle

bil

  1. masculine singular past active participle of bít

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /biːl/, [ˈb̥iˀl]
  • Rhymes: -iːl

Etymology 1

Clipping of automobil (“automobile”) (introduced in 1902).

Noun

bil c (singular definite bilen, plural indefinite biler)

  1. car, automobile
Declension
Declension of bil
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bil bilen biler bilerne
genitive bils bilens bilers bilernes
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → Faroese: bilur
  • → Greenlandic: biili
  • → Icelandic: bíll
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: bil
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: bil
  • → Swedish: bil

References

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīl, from Proto-Germanic *bīþlą (“axe”), cognate with German Beil.

Noun

bil c (singular definite bilen, plural indefinite biler)

  1. (archaic, poetic) axe, broadaxe
Declension
Declension of bil
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bil bilen biler bilerne
genitive bils bilens bilers bilernes
Derived terms
  • bredbil

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɪl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: bil
  • Rhymes: -ɪl

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bille, from a Proto-Germanic *balliją n, derived from *balluz (“ball”). Cognate with Old High German arsbelli, Middle High German arsbelle, Middle Low German bille (also with -e- in ārsbelle), modern Low German Bill(e), West Frisian bil. The last two mean mostly “fleshy part of the thigh” (compare the same sense also in Low German Bolle(n), regional German Bollen). The raising e > i is considered Ingvaeonic by Philippa.

Noun

bil f (plural billen, diminutive billetje n)

  1. (usually in the plural in the Netherlands and Belgium) buttock (each of the two large fleshy halves of the posterior part of the body between the base of the back, the perineum and the top of the legs)
  2. (Suriname, metonymic) buttocks, backside, posterior
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bíþla- (“axe”), instrumental noun from *bītaną (“to bite”).[1][2]

However, compare *bilją (“blade, axe”), which could have influenced its development.

Noun

bil f (plural billen, diminutive billetje n)

  1. a hammer-like double-edged tool used by stonecutters and millers
Synonyms
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", in Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Vol 44 (1929), issue #4
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

Further reading

Elfdalian

Etymology

Presumably from Swedish bil.

Noun

bil m

  1. car, automobile

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse bil, from Proto-Germanic *bilą, of uncertain origin. Compare *biliþi (“likeness, evenness”) and *bilōn- (“to give way”), *bibāną (“to shiver, tremble”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /piːl/
  • Rhymes: -iːl
  • Homophone: byl

Noun

bil n (genitive singular bils, plural bil)

  1. A space
  2. A while, time, period

Declension

n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bil bilið bil bilini
accusative bil bilið bil bilini
dative bili bilinum bilum bilunum
genitive bils bilsins bila bilanna

Noun

bil

  1. accusative singular of bilur

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bil

  1. strength

Hausa

Etymology

Borrowed from English bill.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bîl/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [bɪ̂l]

Noun

bîl m

  1. bill, invoice

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse bil, from Proto-Germanic *bilą, of uncertain origin, though probably with original sense "giving way, failure" and related to dialectal Dutch beelen (“to repent a deal”). Related to *bilōn- (“to give way”); compare also *biliþi (“likeness, evenness”) and *bibāną (“to shiver, tremble”), the latter which Kroonen suspects is connected.[1] A relation to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”) is particularly attractive semantically, though phonetically difficult to resolve.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɪːl]
  • Rhymes: -ɪːl
  • Homophone: byl

Noun

bil n (genitive singular bils, nominative plural bil)

  1. space, interval
  2. period of time, moment, space
  3. (computing) space
  4. damage, wound, nick
  5. (archaic) hesitation, break (in some action, process, etc.)

Declension

Declension of bil (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bil bilið bil bilin
accusative bil bilið bil bilin
dative bili bilinu bilum bilunum
genitive bils bilsins bila bilanna

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bilōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
  2. ^ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “bil”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic بیل

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian بیل (bil)

Pronunciation

  • (Talxâbî) IPA(key): [bie̯l]
  • (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [bil]

Noun

bil (definite accusative bilü, plural billər)

  1. shovel

Declension

Declension of bil
singular plural
nominative bil billər
genitive bilü̂ñ billərü̂ñ
dative bilkə billərkə
definite accusative bilü billərü
locative bilçə billərçə
ablative bildə billərdə
instrumental billə billərlə
equative bilvâra billərvâra

References

Kohistani Shina

Etymology

    Inherited from Sanskrit बिल॑ (bíla).[1]

    Noun

    bil[2]

    1. mouth of a bag

    References

    1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “bíla¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 522
    2. ^ Schmidt, Ruth Laila; Kohistani, Razwal; Zarin, Mohammad Manzar (2008), A Grammar of the Shina Language of Indus Kohistan, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 15

    Middle High German

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈbil/

    Verb

    bil

    1. second-person singular present imperative of bëllen

    Norwegian Bokmål

    A passenger car

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /¹biːl/, [ˈbìːl]
    • Rhymes: -iːl
    • Hyphenation: bil

    Etymology 1

    Borrowed from Danish bil, a clipping of automobil, from French automobile (“self-propelled; automobile”). The shortened form was proposed in the Danish newspaper Politiken on 14 March 1902 and is attested in Norwegian in Stavanger Aftenblad on 12 April of the same year.

    The French word was originally an adjective meaning “self-propelled”, combining auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”), with mobile, from Latin mōbilis (“movable”). The Latin adjective is formed from moveō (“to move”) with -bilis; the verb continues Proto-Italic *moweō, ultimately from a causative formation of Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”). The further origin of Greek αὐτός (autós) is disputed.

    Compare Norwegian Nynorsk bil, Swedish bil, Faroese bilur, Icelandic bíll, Greenlandic biili and English automobile.

    Noun

    bil m (definite singular bilen, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)

    1. car; automobile; a motor vehicle used to carry passengers or goods, usually with four or more wheels
      Synonym: (dated) automobil
      kjøre bil ― to drive a car
      • 1902 April 12, “Reisebreve”, in Stavanger Aftenblad‎[3], page 1, column 3:
        […] et saadant luskende bæst af en bil – dette er jo den nyeste benævnelse paa maskinen – tøffer forbi og oser af benzin.
        […] such a sneaking beast of a car—this is, after all, the latest name for the machine—chugs past, giving off petrol fumes.
      • 1903 June 5, “Paris—Madrid-løbet”, in Stavanger Aftenblad‎[4], page 2:
        […] naar en række biler passerer tæt efter hinanden ad en støvet landevei […]
        […] when a line of cars passes along a dusty country road, close behind one another […]
      • 1911 August 18, “Bilens seiersgang i vore bygder”, in Trondhjems Adresseavis‎[5], page 4, column 1:
        Det er et nyt bevis paa bilens seiersgang gjennem vore bygder.
        It is further proof of the car’s triumphant advance through our rural communities.
      • 1920, Vilhelm Dybwad, “Vandspandet”, in Bokken Lasson, editor, 67 viser fra det gamle Chat Noir‎[6], Kristiania: Jacob Dybwad, page 136:
        En bil kom ut fra sin garage, […]
        A car came out of its garage, […]
      • 1964 March 20, VG‎[7], page 2, column 2:
        […] enten må han la være å drikke, eller også må han la bilen stå.
        […] either he must refrain from drinking, or he must leave the car parked.
      • 1997, Knut Hamsun, edited by Harald S. Næss, Knut Hamsuns brev‎[8], volumes 4: 1915–1924, Oslo: Gyldendal, page 379:
        […] nu vet jeg ikke om dere kommer med Bil eller med Baat.
        […] now I do not know whether you are coming by car or by boat.
      • 2011, Simen Ekern, Roma‎[9], Oslo: Cappelen Damm, page 107:
        […] med den kidnappede politikeren i en gammel bil, etterfulgt av en annen gammel bil?
        […] with the kidnapped politician in an old car, followed by another old car?
      • 2012 December 4, Dagens Næringsliv:
        Norges mest solgte bil er i år Volkswagen Golf
        Norway's bestselling car this year is the Volkswagen Golf
      • 2014 December 1, NRK:
        jeg [frykter] at folk vil ta bilen isteden for å reise kollektivt
        I [fear] that people will take the car instead of using public transport
      • 2015 October 14, Fædrelandsvennen‎[10], page 6:
        […] vil ikke det få flere til å ta bil?
        […] won't that lead more people to travel by car?
      1. (colloquial) taxi; cab
        Synonyms: taxi, drosje
        • 1914, Sigrid Undset, Vaaren‎[11], Kristiania: Aschehoug, page 393:
          Og trikken stod – en hel række vogner bommende fast opover Stortingsgaten. De fik en bil.
          And the trams were at a standstill—a whole line of tramcars stuck fast up Stortingsgaten. They got a taxi.
        • 1957, Gerd Grieg, Nordahl Grieg – slik jeg kjente ham‎[12], Oslo: Gyldendal, page 57:
          – Kan vi ikke ta bil? sa jeg. […] Vi tar lokalbanen som går nesten til døren og koster en brøkdel.
          “Can't we take a taxi?” I said. […] “We'll take the local train, which goes almost to the door and costs a fraction as much.”
        • 2008, Kari Bøge, Komponisten‎[13], Oslo: Aschehoug, page 217:
          […] løfter sin mobil opp, ringer etter bil.
          […] lifts her mobile phone, calls for a taxi.
        • 2009 August 1, VG‎[14], page 18:
          Den siktede og drapsofferet praiet en bil ved togstasjonen i 21.30-tiden.
          The suspect and the murder victim hailed a taxi by the railway station at around 9:30 p.m.
    2. a toy car
      Synonym: lekebil
      • 1992 October 31, Bergens Tidende‎[15], page 64:
        At jenter leker med dukker og glansbilder og at gutter snekrer hvis de ikke leker med biler, er fast-tømrede grunnholdninger i det norske samfunn.
        That girls play with dolls and scrapbook pictures, and that boys do carpentry if they are not playing with cars, are firmly entrenched attitudes in Norwegian society.
    Usage notes

    Bil commonly refers to a personbil (“passenger car”), but its broader meaning also includes vehicles such as a varebil (“van”) or lastebil (“truck; lorry”). Its scope is therefore wider than that of English car in ordinary usage.

    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    bil

    1. imperative of bile (“drive; travel by car”)

    References

    • “bil” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
    • “bil” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
    • “bile” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
    • “bil” in Store norske leksikon

    Norwegian Nynorsk

    Etymology 1

    This word originates from a Danish newspaper's contest to create a word for car. The winning proposition was "bil", a short form of automobil.[1] This word was subsequently adopted into Norwegian.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /biːl/

    Noun

    bil m (definite singular bilen, indefinite plural bilar, definite plural bilane)

    1. a car, automobile
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    From Old Norse bil.

    Noun

    bìl n (definite singular bìlet, indefinite plural bìl, definite plural bìli)

    1. (pre-1917) alternative form of bel

    References

    1. ^ Kari Haave (2004), “Det gode avløysarordet – «et etords digt»”, in Språknytt‎[2], volume 32, number 2, Norsk språkråd, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2 November 2023, pages 10-13

    Old English

    Etymology

    From Proto-West Germanic *billi, from Proto-Germanic *bilją. Cognate with Old Saxon bil, Old High German bill (German Beil (“pickaxe”)).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /bil/

    Noun

    bil n

    1. (poetic) a kind of sword or other bladed weapon, apparently having two edges
      • Abrægd mid ðy bille. ― He brandished with his sword.
      • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 5‎[16], archived from the original on 21 May 2026:
        Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.
        I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.

    Declension

    Strong a-stem:

    singular plural
    nominative bil bil
    accusative bil bil
    genitive billes billa
    dative bille billum

    Descendants

    See also

    Polish

    Etymology 1

      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      bil f

      1. (Zagórze) alternative form of biel (“fresh bacon without skin”)

      Etymology 2

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈbil/
        • Rhymes: -il
        • Syllabification: bil

        Noun

        bil f

        1. genitive plural of bila

        Further reading

        • Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “biel”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎[17] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 6

        Slovak

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /bil/, [ˈbil]
        • Rhymes: -il

        Verb

        bil

        1. inflection of biť:
          1. masculine singular l-participle
          2. masculine third-person singular past indicative

        Swedish

        en bil med ögon [a car with eyes]

        Etymology

        From Danish bil.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /biːl/
        • Audio; “en bil”:(file)
        • Hyphenation: bil
        • Rhymes: -iːl

        Noun

        bil c

        1. a car (automobile)
          köra bil
          drive a car
          åka bil
          ride a car
          köpa bil
          buy a car
          sitta fram / bak i bilen
          sit in the front / back of the car
          Jag tog bilen in till stan och handlade mat
          I took the car into town and picked up groceries [shopped food]
          • 1993, Ronny & Ragge, “Köra fort som fan [Drive fast as hell]”, in Let's Pök! [Let's Bone!]‎[18]:
            Vi ska köra, köra fort som fan. Köra runt med bilen genom hela stan. Vi ska köra, köra fort som fan. Sladda loss och börna genom hela stan ikväll.
            We will [shall] drive, drive fast as hell. Drive around with the car through the whole town. We will drive, drive fast as hell. Drift [skid loose] and burn rubber through the whole town tonight.
        2. a truck (considered a subcategory in Swedish)
          Synonym: lastbil
        3. a van (considered a subcategory in Swedish)
          Synonym: skåpbil

        Usage notes

        A freight truck / lorry is normally qualified as a lastbil, while a pickup truck (pickup) or the like is often simply called a bil ("car") in everyday language (though technically also a lastbil). A freight truck / lorry is the default intuition for lastbil.

        Declension

        Declension of bil
        nominative genitive
        singular indefinite bil bils
        definite bilen bilens
        plural indefinite bilar bilars
        definite bilarna bilarnas

        Derived terms

        See also

        See also

        • soppa (“juice [gas, petrol – slang]”)

        References

        Anagrams

        Talysh

        Etymology

        Cognate to dialectal Zazaki pīl, Zazaki bül with the same meaning.

        Noun

        bil

        1. swamp
          Synonym: batağlığ

        Tatar

        Noun

        bil

        1. a kind of salmon (Salmo taimen)

        Tok Pisin

        Etymology

        From English bill.

        Noun

        bil

        1. bill

        Turkish

        Pronunciation

        • Audio:(file)

        Verb

        bil

        1. second-person singular imperative of bilmek

        Volapük

        Alternative forms

        • bir (this is the modern word (spelling) for "beer")

        Etymology

        From English beer and German Bier (this deformation was later changed back to the original "r" sound).

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): [bil]

        Noun

        bil (genitive bila, plural bils)

        1. bile
        2. (obsolete) beer

        Usage notes

        • (beer): The "l" was later changed to "r" for bir (“beer”).

        Declension

        Declension of bil
        Singular Plural
        Nominative bil bils
        Genitive bila bilas
        Dative bile biles
        Accusative bili bilis
        Predicative1 bilu bilus
        Vocative o bil o bils
        1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

        Derived terms

        Welsh

        Etymology

        Borrowed from English bill (“note of charges for goods; list”), from Middle English bille (“document”), from Anglo-Norman bille, from Old French bulle, from Medieval Latin bulla (“seal; sealed document”).

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /bɪl/
        • Rhymes: -ɪl

        Noun

        bil m (plural biliau)

        1. bill (receipt)

        Mutation

        Mutated forms of bil
        radical soft nasal aspirate
        bil fil mil unchanged

        Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
        All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

        References

        • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “bil”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

        West Frisian

        Alternative forms

        Etymology

        Related to Dutch bil.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈbɪl/

        Noun

        bil n (plural billen, diminutive biltsje)

        1. thigh
        2. buttock

        Further reading

        • “bil”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

        Zou

        Bil thang.

        Etymology

        From Proto-Kuki-Chin *bil.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): [bíl]
        • Hyphenation: bil

        Noun

        bíl

        1. ear

        References

        • Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 19
        • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
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