-da

See also: Appendix:Variations of "da"

Languages (21)

Azerbaijani • Basque • Chavacano • Darumbal • Finnish • Hungarian • Ilocano • Irish • Japanese • Kambera • Khalaj • Laboya • Lower Tanana • Mokilese • Murui Huitoto • Old Irish • Polish • Scottish Gaelic • Talysh • Turkish • Uneapa

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Page categories

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		-да
Arabic		ـدا

Suffix

preceding vowel
a / ı / o / u	e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü
-da	-də

-da

1. Form of -də after the vowels A / I / O / U.

   ‎maşın (“[the] car”) + ‎-da → ‎maşında (“in [the] car”)

   ‎Peru (“Peru”) + ‎-da → ‎Peruda (“in Peru”)

Usage notes

This suffix is to be preceded by an additional n when the noun it is appended to already ends with another suffix's vowel.

‎dostumun maşını (“my friend's car”) + ‎-da → ‎dostumun maşınında (“in my friend's car”)

Derived terms

See -də.

Basque

Suffix

-da

1. alternative form of -ta

Chavacano

Suffix

-da

1. (Cotabateño, Zamboangueño) the act or manner of doing the action expressed by the verbal root

   ‎compra (“to buy”) + ‎-da → ‎comprada (“act of buying”)

   ‎escribi (“to write”) + ‎-da → ‎escribida (“act of writing”)

Darumbal

Suffix

-da

1. Used to form the locative form of nouns ending in consonants other than ⟨l⟩

References

• Angela Terrill (2002), Dharumbal: the language of Rockhampton, Australia (Pacific Linguistics; 525)‎^[1], Canberra: Australian National University Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, →ISBN, page 32.

Finnish

Etymology

Variously from Proto-Finnic *-dak, *-tak.

Suffix

-da (front-vowel variant -dä, linguistic notation -dA)

1. A suffix present in certain first infinitives, short form, the citation form of Finnish verbs.

Usage notes

When this suffix is omitted, what remains is the stem of the verb. With the verbs nähdä and tehdä, the consonant stem is left. The first consonant of the following word or enclitic is lengthened.

Further reading

• Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɒ]

Suffix

-da

1. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb or a noun to form a noun indicating the place of the action.

   ‎zár (“to close, shut”) + ‎-da → ‎zárda (“cloister”)

Usage notes

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -da is added to back-vowel words

  -de is added to front-vowel words

  -oda same as -da with a linking vowel

  -öde same as -de with a linking vowel

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	-da	-dák
accusative	-dát	-dákat
dative	-dának	-dáknak
instrumental	-dával	-dákkal
causal-final	-dáért	-dákért
translative	-dává	-dákká
terminative	-dáig	-dákig
essive-formal	-daként	-dákként
essive-modal	-dául	-dákul
inessive	-dában	-dákban
superessive	-dán	-dákon
adessive	-dánál	-dáknál
illative	-dába	-dákba
sublative	-dára	-dákra
allative	-dához	-dákhoz
elative	-dából	-dákból
delative	-dáról	-dákról
ablative	-dától	-dáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	-dáé	-dáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	-dáéi	-dákéi

Possessive forms of -da

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	-dám	-dáim
2nd person sing.	-dád	-dáid
3rd person sing.	-dája	-dái
1st person plural	-dánk	-dáink
2nd person plural	-dátok	-dáitok
3rd person plural	-dájuk	-dáik

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -da

cukrászda

csapda

csúszda

fogda

járda

nyomda

tébolyda

zárda

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ilocano

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ida.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da/

Pronoun

-da

1. Third-person plural absolutive enclitic pronoun; they; them

   Sumakdoda idiay poso. ― They fetched water from the water pump.

2. Third-person plural ergative enclitic pronoun; they

   Inusarda ti lapisko. ― They used my pencil.

3. Third-person plural possessive marker; their

   Napardas ti kotseda. ― Their car is fast.

Usage notes

• When the ergative agent is also a pronoun, the absolutive patient becomes ida. See also usage notes at isuda.

  Inayabanda ni Thomas. ― Thomas called them.

  Inayabanna ida. ― He called them.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
		Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic3		bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita1	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo1	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami1	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
	plural	dakayo, sikayo1	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø2	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada

¹Regional variants.
²Null morpheme: there is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
³Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.

Fused enclitics

Actor	Patient
	siak	data	datayo	dakami	sika	dakayo	isu5	isuda
siak	bagik4	—	—	—	-ka	-kayo	-ko, -k	-ko ida, -k ida
data	—	bagita4	—	—	—	—	-ta	-ta ida
datayo	—	—	bagitayo4	—	—	—	-tayo	-tayo ida
dakami	—	—	—	bagimi4	-daka	-dakayo	-mi	-mi ida
sika	-nak	—	—	-nakami	bagim4	—	-mo, -m	-mo ida, -m ida
dakayo	-dak	-data	—	-dakami	—	bagiyo4	-yo	-yo ida
isu	-nak	-nata	-natayo	-nakami	-naka	-nakayo	bagina4, -na	-na ida
isuda	-dak	-data	-datayo	-dakami	-daka	-dakayo	-da	bagida4, -da ida

⁴Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
⁵ isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Irish

Suffix

-da

1. alternative form of -ga

Japanese

Romanization

-da

1. Rōmaji transcription of だ

Kambera

Pronoun

-da

1. third person plural genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

			nominative	genitive	accusative	dative
singular	first person		ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
	second person		mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
	third person		na-	-na	-ya	-nya
plural	first person	inclusive	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
		exclusive	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
	second person		mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
	third person		da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Khalaj

Suffix

preceding vowel
a / i / o / u	e / ə / i̇ / ö / ü
-da	-də

-da

1. Form of -də after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Laboya

Pronoun

-da

1. first person plural inclusive subject enclitic
2. first person plural inclusive possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

		subject	subject/ possessive	object
singular	1st person	gu-	-gu	-ga
	2nd person	mu-	-mu	-gu
	3rd person	na-	-na	-ni
plural	1st person inclusive	da-	-da	-da
	1st person exclusive	ma-	-ma	-gama
	2nd person	mi-	-mi	-gimi
	3rd person	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Lower Tanana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tæ/

Suffix

-da

1. alternative form of -t (“under, within”)

References

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 375

Mokilese

Suffix

-da

1. Used to form verbs with a perfective sense

   ‎loakjidi (“to fish”) + ‎-da → ‎loakjidihda (“to catch (a fish)”)

   ‎rapahki (“to look for”) + ‎-da → ‎rapahkihda (“to find”)

2. Used to form verbs with a sense of creating or making

   ‎ir (“string”) + ‎-da → ‎irda (“to string a lei”)

3. Used to form verbs with a sense of randomness or scatteredness

   ‎poadok (“to plant”) + ‎-da → ‎poadokda (“to plant randomly”)

   ‎pihni (“to paint”) + ‎-da → ‎pihnihda (“to daub on paint”)

4. Used to form verbs describing an upward motion

   ‎jarek (“to come out of something”) + ‎-da → ‎jarekda (“to pull up”)

Usage notes

• When applied to words with a final vowel, this suffix causes the vowel to be lengthened.
• Mokilese has several perfective suffixes, including -da and -la. Some verbs take one specific perfective suffix, while others may take multiple suffixes, forming multiple different meanings.

Derived terms

Mokilese terms suffixed with -da

dolihda

irda

irrekda

jarda

jarekda

loakjidihda

pihnihda

poadokda

rapahkihda

woahwoahkihda

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎^[2], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 44
• Harrison, Sheldon P. (1976), Mokilese Reference Grammar‎^[3], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-da]

Classifier

-da

1. Classifier for long and straight objects.
2. Classifier for objects that resemble a valley.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -da

fekoda

gareda

jɨguida

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 194

Old Irish

Suffix

-da

1. variant form of -de

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: -da

Suffix

-da f

1. (obsolete) forms feminine nouns meaning the action of a verb

   ‎prawy + ‎-da → ‎prawda

   ‎krzywy + ‎-da → ‎krzywda

Declension

Declension of -da

	singular	plural
nominative	-da	-dy
genitive	-dy	-d
dative	-dzie	-dom
accusative	-dę	-dy
instrumental	-dą	-dami
locative	-dzie	-dach
vocative	-do	-dy

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -da

bajda

bujda

ciamajda

klechda

prawda

See also

• -ba

Further reading

• “-da”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[5] (in Polish)

Scottish Gaelic

Suffix

-da

1. alternative form of -te

   Mo leannan de mòran bhliadhnaichean, 's pòsda sinn mu dheireadh thall! ― My sweetheart of many years, we are married at long last!

Talysh

Etymology

Hitherto hypothesized to come from Proto-Iranian *-(a)nt, the active participle. Newer evidence suggests a locative construction, from -anda. Compare Ramandi [script needed] (-ind) (Southern Tati), Northern Kurdish di-.

Suffix

-da

1. Verbal suffix marking the imperfective, present or past progressives.

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـده (-da, “locative suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *-te (“locative suffix”). Cognate with Karakhanid دا (-dā, “locative suffix”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /⁠-ta⁠/, “locative suffix”).

Suffix

-da

1. Used to form locative of nouns.

   ‎okul + ‎-da → ‎okulda

Usage notes

• -da is used when the noun's last vowel is a back vowel.
• Becomes -de when the noun's last vowel is a front vowel or certain loanwords due to consonantal effects.

  ‎köy + ‎-da → ‎köyde

• Becomes -ta when the noun's final consonant is unvoiced.

  ‎mutfak + ‎-da → ‎mutfakta

• Becomes -te after a front vowel followed by an unvoiced consonant.

  ‎yengeç + ‎-da → ‎yengeçte

• Becomes -nda ~ -nde following another suffix that ends in a vowel.

  ‎kapağı + ‎-da → ‎kapağında

  ‎çemberi + ‎-da → ‎çemberinde

• Must be used with an apostrophe following a proper noun.

  ‎İspanya + ‎-da → ‎İspanya'da

Related terms

• -daki
• -nda
• -de
• -ta
• -te

Etymology 2

Found in several other Turkic languages.

Suffix

-da

1. Used after the suffixes -ıl and -ır, which themselves come after onomatopoeia, to create verbs.

   ‎fıs (“sound of whsipering”) + ‎-ıl + ‎-da → ‎fısıldamak (“to whisper”)

   ‎çat (“sound of cracking”) + ‎-ır + ‎-da → ‎çatırdamak (“to crackle, to creak”)

   ‎gur (“sound of a stomach growling”) + ‎-ul + ‎-da → ‎guruldamak (“(of a stomach) to growl”)

   ‎mır (“sound of mumbling, purring”) + ‎-ıl + ‎-da → ‎mırıldamak (“to mumble”)

Etymology 3

See da.

Suffix

-da

1. misspelling of da

Usage notes

• Extremely common misspelling despite being heavily proscribed. Nişanyan states that "[n]o logical reason can be shown for writing a particle subject to vowel harmony separately."
• Also misspelled as -ta, -te, sometimes even when separate as ta, te, when following a word ending in a voiceless consonant.

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *-da, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ta, from Proto-Austronesian *-ta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ⁿda/

Suffix

-da

1. A first-person plural inclusive possessive suffix.

Further reading

• Ross, Malcolm (1988), Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia (Pacific Linguistics; C-98)‎^[6], Canberra, ACT: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University