refusha

Swahili

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Bantu *-dàìpú

Swahili -refu

Proto-Bantu *-ɪka

Proto-Bantu *-ia

Common Bantu *-ɪkia

Proto-Sabaki *-išya

Swahili -isha

Swahili refusha

From -refu + -isha (causative affix).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-refusha (infinitive kurefusha)

1. Causative form of -refu: to lengthen, elongate

Conjugation

Conjugation of -refusha
Positive present -narefusha Subjunctive -refushe Negative -refushi Imperative singular refusha
Infinitives
Positive kurefusha Negative kutorefusha
Imperatives
Singular refusha Plural refusheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurefusha Positive past positive subject concord + -lirefusha Negative past negative subject concord + -kurefusha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narefusha) Singular Plural 1st person ninarefusha/narefusha tunarefusha 2nd person unarefusha mnarefusha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarefusha wanarefusha other classes positive subject concord + -narefusha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -refushi) Singular Plural 1st person sirefushi haturefushi 2nd person hurefushi hamrefushi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) harefushi hawarefushi other classes negative subject concord + -refushi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarefusha Negative future negative subject concord + -tarefusha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -refushe) Singular Plural 1st person nirefushe turefushe 2nd person urefushe mrefushe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arefushe warefushe other classes positive subject concord + -refushe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirefushe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerefusha Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerefusha Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirefusha Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirefusha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arefusha) Singular Plural 1st person narefusha twarefusha 2nd person warefusha mwarefusha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arefusha warefusha m-mi(III/IV) warefusha yarefusha ji-ma(V/VI) larefusha yarefusha ki-vi(VII/VIII) charefusha vyarefusha n(IX/X) yarefusha zarefusha u(XI) warefusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwarefusha pa(XVI) parefusha mu(XVIII) mwarefusha
Perfect positive subject concord + -merefusha "Already" positive subject concord + -mesharefusha "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarefusha "If/When" positive subject concord + -kirefusha "If not" positive subject concord + -siporefusha Consecutive karefusha / positive subject concord + -karefusha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karefushe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nirefusha -turefusha 2nd person -kurefusha -warefusha/-kurefusheni/-warefusheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrefusha -warefusha m-mi(III/IV) -urefusha -irefusha ji-ma(V/VI) -lirefusha -yarefusha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirefusha -virefusha n(IX/X) -irefusha -zirefusha u(XI) -urefusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kurefusha pa(XVI) -parefusha mu(XVIII) -murefusha Reflexive -jirefusha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -refusha- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -refushaye -refushao m-mi(III/IV) -refushao -refushayo ji-ma(V/VI) -refushalo -refushayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -refushacho -refushavyo n(IX/X) -refushayo -refushazo u(XI) -refushao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -refushako pa(XVI) -refushapo mu(XVIII) -refushamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -refusha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yerefusha -orefusha m-mi(III/IV) -orefusha -yorefusha ji-ma(V/VI) -lorefusha -yorefusha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorefusha -vyorefusha n(IX/X) -yorefusha -zorefusha u(XI) -orefusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -korefusha pa(XVI) -porefusha mu(XVIII) -morefusha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -refushia
  • Passive: -refushwa
  • Reciprocal: -refushana
  • Stative: -refushika

• Nominal derivations:
  • urefushaji