bole

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bole"

English

The bole (trunk) of a tree

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /bol/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bəʊl/, /bɒʊl/
  • (doll–dole merger) IPA^(key): /bɒl/
• Rhymes: -əʊl
• Homophone: bowl

Etymology 1

From Middle English bole, from Old Norse bolr, akin to Danish bul and German Bohle (“plank”). See also bulwark (“defensive wall”).

Noun

bole (plural boles)

1. The trunk or stem of a tree.
   • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “A Dream of Fair Women”, in Poems, volume 1, page 188:

     Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean / Upon the dusky brushwood underneath / Their broad curved branches, fledged with clearest green, / New from its silken sheath.

   • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

     A fine powder filled the air and caressed the cheek with a tingle in its touch, and the black boles of the trees showed up in a light that seemed to come from below.

Derived terms

• boled
• bollard

Translations

the trunk or stem of a tree

• Bulgarian: ствол (bg) (stvol), стъбло (bg) (stăblo)
• Catalan: fust (ca) m, tronc (ca) m
• Czech: peň (cs) m
• Esperanto: trunko
• Finnish: runko (fi)
• French: fût (fr) m
• Georgian: ტანი (ṭani), ჯირკი (ǯirḳi)
• Indonesian: batang (id)
• Norwegian: stamme (no) m
• Polish: pień (pl) m
• Portuguese: tronco (pt) m
• Russian: ство́л (ru) m (stvól)
• Swedish: stam (sv) c, bål (sv) c
• Walloon: buk (wa) m, bodje (wa) m, beur (wa) m

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek βῶλος (bôlos, “clod or lump of earth”): compare French bol. Doublet of bolus.

Noun

bole (countable and uncountable, plural boles)

1. Any of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually coloured red by iron oxide, and composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia.
   • 2018 April 14, “8 things to know about İznik pottery”, in Christie's‎^[1], archived from the original on 17 September 2023:

     Good Iznik has strong colours well-contained within their outlines and a very clean, clear white. The red colour, made with Armenian bole (an earthy clay) should be thick and proud of the surface.

2. The shade of reddish brown which resembles this clay.

   bole:  

3. (obsolete) A bolus; a dose.
   • 1649, Jeremy Taylor, “An Apology for Authorized and Set Forms of Liturgy Against the Pretence of the Spirit”, in Charles Page Eden, editor, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D., volume V, published 1849, page 294:

     […] or else […] the churches were very incurious to swallow such a bole, if no pretension could have been reasonably made for their justification.

Derived terms

• Armenian bole
• bolar

Etymology 3

Noun

bole (plural boles)

1. Alternative form of boll (old unit of measure).
   • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

     Take then good Barley newly thrashed and well purged from the Chaff, and put thereof eight Boles, that is about ſix English Quarters, in a Stone - trough

Etymology 4

Noun

bole (plural boles)

1. (Scotland) An aperture with a shutter in the wall of a house, to admit air or light.
   • 1816, Walter Scott, The Antiquary, Adam and Charles Black, published 1862, page 220:

     "Open the bole," said the old woman firmly and hastily to her daughter-in-law, “open the bole wi' speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin […] .

2. (Scotland) A small closet.

Anagrams

• Belo, Lebo, Loeb, lobe

Albanian

Alternative forms

• bolle

Etymology

Variant of bolle. Occurs exclusively in the plural form.

Noun

bole m pl

1. testicles

Related terms

• bile
• ballë
• mbjell
• pjell

Buol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔɺ̢ɛ/

Noun

bole

1. house

Czech

Alternative forms

• boleje (verb)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbolɛ]
• Rhymes: -olɛ
• Hyphenation: bo‧le

Etymology 1

Noun

bole

1. vocative singular of bol

Etymology 2

Verb

bole

1. present masculine singular transgressive of bolet

Dama (Sierra Leone)

Etymology

Perhaps related to Vai [script needed] (boi, “structure without walls”) or Mende (Sierra Leone) bolo (“courthouse with high walls”) (having the definite form bolei.

Noun

bole

1. courthouse

References

• Dalby, T. D. P. (1963), “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54

Galician

Verb

bole

1. third-person singular present indicative of bulir
2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of bulir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Latvian

Etymology

From English bowl, probably via German Bowle. Alternative historical forms: bols. First attested use to mean a bowl for making punch – 1880. First attested use to refer to the beverage itself – 1886.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [būōle]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

bole f (5th declension)

1. (dated sense) a bowl for making punch

   Bowle: bole (punša un citu tādu dzērienu kauss) – Bowle (German): bole (a bowl for punch or similar drinks).

2. punch (drink made of wine, diluted with juices, syrups and fruit, often with added cognac or rhum)

   zemeņu bole – strawberry punch

   boles trauks – punch bowl

Declension

Declension of bole (5th)

	singular	plural
nominative	bole	boles
genitive	boles	boļu
dative	bolei	bolēm
accusative	boli	boles
instrumental	boli	bolēm
locative	bolē	bolēs
vocative	bole	boles

Synonyms

• (punch): punšs

Lower Sorbian

Verb

bole

1. superseded spelling of bóle

Middle English

Etymology 1

From a conflation of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.

Alternative forms

• bule, bul, bolle, boule, bool, boole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbul(ə)/, /ˈboːl(ə)/, /ˈbɔːl(ə)/

Noun

bole (plural boles or bolen)

2. bull, steer, male cow
3. (heraldry) A heraldic bull
4. (astrology) Taurus (zodiac)
5. (astronomy) Taurus (constellation)

Related terms

• bulchyn
• bulimong
• bullok

Descendants

• English: bull
• Scots: bul, bull

References

• “bōle, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 April 2018.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse bolr.

Alternative forms

• boole, bol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔːl/

Noun

bole (plural boles)

2. trunk, bole
3. tree

Descendants

• English: bole

References

• “bōle, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 April 2018.

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German bolla, from Proto-West Germanic *bollā.

Compare Middle Low German bōle, Low German Bohle, German Bohle, Dutch boel (“plank, board”).

Noun

bole f

1. plank, board, thick wooden board

Declension

Declension of bole (strong feminine in -e)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	diu	bole	die	bole
genitive	einer	dër	bole	dër	bolen
dative	einer	dër	bole	dën	bolen
accusative	eine	die	bole	die	bole

Descendants

• German: Bohle
• Low German: Bohle
• Middle Low German: bōle

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “bole”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.
• Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “bole”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), 3rd edition

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Clipping of anabol + -e

Verb

bole (present tense boler, past tense bolte, past participle bolt)

1. (colloquial) To use anabolic steroids to increase one's muscle mass.

Pagu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbo.le]

  • Audio:

    (file)

Noun

bole

1. banana

References

• Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli (2023), Kamus Pagu-Indonesia-Inggris, Jakarta: Penerbit BRIN

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔ.lɛ/

• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Przemyśl) IPA^(key): [ˈbɔ.lʲɛ]

• Rhymes: -ɔlɛ
• Syllabification: bo‧le

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.

Ancient Greekbor.

Late Latin ballareder.

Old French baller

Old French bal

French balbor.

Polish bal?

Polish bole

Perhaps a dialectal variant of bal (“ball, dance”), as it was glossed as zabawa (“fun, amusement”) in a folklore lexicon.

Noun

bole n

1. (Lesser Poland, Przemyśl) synonym of gościna

   Zaprosiuł [ich] na bole. ― He invited [them] to a visit.

   • 2018, “Bajka zwierzęca”, in Violetta Wróblewska, editor, Słownik polskiej bajki ludowej, →ISBN:

     Zaprosiuu wilk lisa na bole (zabawę).

     The wolf invited the fox to a bole (“fun, amusement”).

     (T 102; Saloni 1898, s. 742)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bole

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of bola

Further reading

• Dialectal dictionaries:
  • Aleksander Saloni (1899), “bole”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny‎^[3] (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 237

Portuguese

Verb

bole

1. inflection of bolar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative
2. inflection of bulir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
3. inflection of bolir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Serbo-Croatian

Participle

bole (Cyrillic spelling боле)

1. feminine plural active past participle of bosti

West Makian

Etymology

From Malay boleh (“can, may, possible”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbo.l̪e/

Interjection

bole

1. good, fine!

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[4], Pacific linguistics