improbo

See also: improbó and ímprobo

Italian

Etymology

From Latin improbus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈim.pro.bo/
  • Rhymes: -improbo
  • Hyphenation: ìm‧pro‧bo

Adjective

improbo (feminine improba, masculine plural improbi, feminine plural improbe)

  1. hard, laborious (work)
  2. (literary) dishonest

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “improbo”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Italic *n̥-
Latin in- (not)
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *probʰHwós
Proto-Italic *proβwos
Proto-Italic *proβos
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Proto-Italic *proβāō
Latin probō
Latin improbō

    From in- (not) + probō.

    Verb

    improbō (present infinitive improbāre, perfect active improbāvī, supine improbātum); first conjugation

    1. to disapprove, condemn, deride, blame
      • 44 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 1.72:
        Haec improbantur a Peripateticis, a Stoicis defenduntur.
        These are disapproved of by the Peripatetics and defended by the Stoics
      • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessiones 10.4.5:
        sed fraternus ille, qui cum approbat me, gaudet de me, cum autem improbat me, contristatur pro me, quia sive approbet sive improbet me, diligit me.
        But that brotherly [mind], when it approves of me, rejoices over me, but when it disapproves of me, it is pained on account of me, because whether it approves or disapproves of me, it loves me.
    2. to reject
      • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.3.175:
        Ego frumentum neque attigi neque aspexi, mancipibus potestatem probandi improbandique permisi
        I never touched nor looked at that corn. I granted the merchants the power of accepting or rejecting it.
    Conjugation
       Conjugation of improbō (first conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present improbō improbās improbat improbāmus improbātis improbant
    imperfect improbābam improbābās improbābat improbābāmus improbābātis improbābant
    future improbābō improbābis improbābit improbābimus improbābitis improbābunt
    perfect improbāvī improbāvistī improbāvit improbāvimus improbāvistis improbāvērunt,
    improbāvēre
    pluperfect improbāveram improbāverās improbāverat improbāverāmus improbāverātis improbāverant
    future perfect improbāverō improbāveris improbāverit improbāverimus improbāveritis improbāverint
    passive present improbor improbāris,
    improbāre     		improbātur improbāmur improbāminī improbantur
    imperfect improbābar improbābāris,
    improbābāre     		improbābātur improbābāmur improbābāminī improbābantur
    future improbābor improbāberis,
    improbābere     		improbābitur improbābimur improbābiminī improbābuntur
    perfect improbātus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect improbātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect improbātus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present improbem improbēs improbet improbēmus improbētis improbent
    imperfect improbārem improbārēs improbāret improbārēmus improbārētis improbārent
    perfect improbāverim improbāverīs improbāverit improbāverīmus improbāverītis improbāverint
    pluperfect improbāvissem improbāvissēs improbāvisset improbāvissēmus improbāvissētis improbāvissent
    passive present improber improbēris,
    improbēre     		improbētur improbēmur improbēminī improbentur
    imperfect improbārer improbārēris,
    improbārēre     		improbārētur improbārēmur improbārēminī improbārentur
    perfect improbātus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect improbātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — improbā — — improbāte —
    future — improbātō improbātō — improbātōte improbantō
    passive present — improbāre — — improbāminī —
    future — improbātor improbātor — — improbantor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present improbāre improbārī improbāns —
    future improbātūrum esse improbātum īrī improbātūrus improbandus
    perfect improbāvisse improbātum esse — improbātus
    future perfect — improbātum fore — —
    perfect potential improbātūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    improbandī improbandō improbandum improbandō improbātum improbātū
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • → English: improbate
    • Portuguese: improbar, improvar
    • Spanish: improbar
    • Italian: improbare

    Etymology 2

      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Adjective

      improbō

      1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of improbus

      References

      • “improbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “improbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • “improbo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
        • to accept as a happy omen: omen accipere (opp. improbare)
      This page is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.