extra

See also: extra-

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Indo-European *-teros

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros

Proto-Italic *eksteros

Latin exter

Latin extrā

Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-der.

Proto-Italic *ordōder.

Latin ōrdō

Latin extrā ōrdinem

Latin extrāōrdināriusder.

English extraordinary

English extra

Abbreviation of extraordinary.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛkstɹə/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Audio (Australia):

    (file)

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• Hyphenation: ex‧tra

Adjective

extra (not generally comparable, comparative more extra, superlative most extra)

1. (not comparable) Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary.

   I don't mind doing some extra work, as long as I get extra pay.

   • 2018, S. D. Tucker, “Doctor Poolittle”, in Quacks! Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 147:

     Kellogg himself became the biggest on-site celeb of all, delivering a weekly ‘Question Box’ lecture in which he explained that tobacco destroyed testicles, and that Ancient Rome had only fallen because the decadent Senators had started tossing their slaves into cookery pots to lend their food extra flavour, thus proving that an over-rich diet could lead to wholesale civilisational collapse.

2. (not comparable, dated) Extraordinarily good; superior.
3. (comparable, slang) Over the top; going beyond what is normal or appropriate, often in a dramatic manner.

   You unfollowed her for posting cat memes? You're so extra!

   • 2017, Yael Livneh, "Whole Foods", in "Get The Inside Soup: Staffers Review Local Soup Stops", 3 February 2017, page 23:

     I highly recommend getting some more bread on the side—they offer small loaves and soup crackers for free, but I'm so extra, I bought my own loaf.

   • 2017 November, Claire Craig, “#Instabeauty”, in Northern Woman, page 48:

     Shattered glass, pierced, bejewelled, chromed and glittered - nails are going totally extra on Insta at the minute and we approve.

   • 2019, Michelle Spottswood, quoted in Kirby Myers, "Does Christmas in your house start before or after Thanksgiving", Key West Weekly, 21 November 2019, page 7:

     Two months of Christmas trees, Christmas movies and Christmas music brings so much fun to our home, we are so extra with it!

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:extra.

Antonyms

• (beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary): main, principal

Derived terms

• ab extra
• extra attacker
• extra base hit
• extracondensed
• extra cover
• extra dictionem
• extra ends
• extra extra extra large
• extra extra extra small
• extra extra large
• extra extra small
• extra inning
• extra innings
• extra large
• extralong
• extraness
• extraordinary
• extra pair of hands
• extra point
• extra service
• extra small
• extra time
• extra virgin
• exurb
• go the extra mile
• superextra
• with extra steps

Translations

beyond what is due, usual

• Bulgarian: допълнителен (bg) (dopălnitelen), извънреден (bg) (izvănreden)
• Catalan: extra (ca)
• Czech: navíc (cs), extra
• Danish: ekstra (da)
• Dutch: extra (nl)
• Esperanto: aldona, kroma, ekstra (eo), plia
• Estonian: liigne
• Finnish: ylimääräinen (fi), lisä- (fi), ekstra- (fi)
• French: supplémentaire (fr)
• Galician: extra
• German: zusätzlich (de)
• Greek: έξτρα (el) (éxtra)
• Hindi: अतिरिक्त (hi) (atirikt)
• Hungarian: többlet (hu), extra (hu)
• Icelandic: auka-, extra (is) (informal)
• Indonesian: ekstra (id)
• Italian: extra (it)
• Japanese: 余分な (ja) (yobun na), おまけの (ja) (omake no)
• Khmer: បន្ថែម (km) (bɑnthaem)
• Latin: subsicīvus, praecipuus
• Malayalam: അധിക (ml) (adhika)
• Persian: اِضافی (fa) (ezâfi)
• Plautdietsch: äwaschossich
• Polish: dodatkowy (pl), ekstra (pl), osobny (pl)
• Portuguese: extra (pt)
• Russian: дополни́тельный (ru) (dopolnítelʹnyj), доба́вочный (ru) (dobávočnyj), э́кстренный (ru) (ékstrennyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: a bharrachd
• Spanish: extra (es), exceso (es), adicional (es), extra de
• Swedish: extra (sv)
• Thai: พิเศษ (th) (pí-sèet), เพิ่ม (th) (pə̂əm)
• Tocharian B: allek
• Ukrainian: додатко́вий (dodatkóvyj), окре́мий (uk) (okrémyj)
• Vietnamese: thêm (vi)
• Walloon: di rawete

extraordinarily good

• Estonian: lisa-
• Finnish: ylimääräinen (fi), lisä- (fi)
• Indonesian: ekstra (id)
• Persian: زیادی (fa) (ziyâdi)
• Polish: ekstra (pl)
• Ukrainian: е́кстра (ékstra)
• Walloon: estra (wa)

over-the-top

• Russian: что́-то с че́м-то (ru) (štó-to s čém-to), излишний (ru) (izlišnij)
• Spanish: demasiado (es)
• Thai: เว่อร์ (th) (wə̂ə)

Adverb

extra (not comparable)

1. (informal) To an extraordinary degree.

   That day he ran to school extra fast.

2. In addition.
   • 2026 October 14, Tony Streeter, “Why the '125' revolution still resonates”, in RAIL, number 1072, page 43:

     Along with a couple of attractive sample journey times, the message is simple: 'And not a penny extra to pay'. That contrasts with the high-speed services of France and elsewhere, for which passengers would have to pay extra.

Translations

to an extraordinary degree

• Arabic: please add this translation if you can
• Armenian: հատկապես (hy) (hatkapes)
• Bulgarian: особено (bg) (osobeno)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 額外 / 额外 (zh) (èwài), 超級 / 超级 (zh) (chāojí)

• Danish: ekstra (da)
• Dutch: extra (nl)
• Finnish: erityisen (fi)
• French: particulièrement (fr)
• German: besonders (de)
• Hindi: असाधारण (hi) (asādhāraṇ), असामान्य (hi) (asāmānya)
• Italian: eccezionalmente (it), straordinariamente (it)
• Japanese: 余分に (ja) (よぶんに, yobun-ni)
• Korean: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: ekstra (pl)
• Portuguese: extremamente (pt)
• Russian: осо́бенно (ru) (osóbenno), осо́бо (ru) (osóbo)
• Spanish: extremadamente (es)
• Ukrainian: особли́во (osoblývo)
• Vietnamese: cực (vi)

Noun

extra (plural extras)

1. Something additional, such as an item above and beyond the ordinary school curriculum, or added to the usual charge on a bill.

   Synonyms: addition, supplement

2. An extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the normal printing cycle, for example to report an important late-breaking event.

   Extra, extra! Read all about it!

3. (cricket) A run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat - a wide, bye, leg bye or no ball.

   Synonym: sundry

5. (acting) A supernumerary or walk-on in a film or play.
6. (slang) The state or trait of being over the top, of behaving in an overly dramatic manner.

   Stop! I can't deal with all your extra today!

7. Something of an extra quality or grade. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
8. (Singapore, military, countable) A day of extra duties (often, over the weekends), as a form of punishment.

Synonyms

• (something additional): See also Thesaurus:adjunct

Derived terms

• extra credit
• Romsey Extra
• sextra
• wuxtry

Translations

(cricket) wide, bye, leg bye or no ball

extra edition of a newspaper

• Bulgarian: извънредно издание n (izvănredno izdanie)
• Finnish: lisänumero
• French: hors-série (fr) m
• Japanese: 号外 (ja) (ごうがい, gōgai)
• Russian: э́кстренный вы́пуск m (ékstrennyj výpusk)
• Swahili: ziada (sw)
• Turkish: ilave (tr)

person in a play or movie with a minimal part — see also walk-on,‎ NPC

• Italian: comparsa (it) f
• Spanish: extra (es) m or f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} ekstra (no)

Anagrams

• Artex, retax, taxer

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞ks.tɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈɛks.tɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈeks.tɾa]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Adjective

extra (invariable)

1. of the highest quality

Adjective

extra m or f (masculine and feminine plural extres)

1. extra (beyond what is due)

Noun

extra m or f by sense (plural extres)

1. extra, walk-on

Further reading

• “extra”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “extra”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “extra” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “extra”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extra, influenced by French and Middle French extraordinaire.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛks.traː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: extra

Adverb

extra

1. extra

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. extra
2. (Limburg) on purpose

Declension

Declension of extra
uninflected	extra
inflected	extra
comparative	—
		positive
predicative/adverbial		extra
indefinite	m./f. sing.	extra
	n. sing.	extra
	plural	extra
definite		extra
partitive		extra's

Descendants

• → Indonesian: ekstra

Noun

extra m (plural extra's, diminutive extraatje n)

1. something extra, something in addition

See also

• expres

French

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Adjective

extra (plural extras)

1. extra, additional
2. great, super, famous

Descendants

• → Turkish: ekstra
• → Greek: έξτρα (éxtra)

Noun

extra m or f by sense (plural extras)

1. extra, supplement

Further reading

• “extra”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extrā, see also the similarly borrowed prefix extra-. Pfeifer speculates that the standalone usage with the sense of "separate" arises out of phrases like extrā ōrdinem (“out of the ordinary”) which occurs in 16th century German chancellary texts.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛks.tʁa/

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adjective

extra (indeclinable) (chiefly in compounds)

1. (informal) separate (not included in or directly connected to the object being discussed)
   • 1930, Heinrich Lersch, “Ich muss organisiert sein”, in Hammerschläge‎^[1], Verlagshaus Bong & Co:

     »Bist du noch nicht organisiert?«
     »Nein!« sagte ich, »was soll ich tun? Mein katholischer Glaube verbietet mir, zu den freien, also roten Gewerkschaften zu gehn, weil für die christlichen Arbeiter extra Gewerkschaften sind. […] «

     "You're not organized yet?"
     "No!", I said, "what am I supposed to do? My Catholic beliefs forbid me from joining the free, meaning red, unions, because there are separate unions for Christian workers. […] "

2. (colloquial) special, specially made

   Das is’n ganz extra Rezept von meiner Mutter. ― This is a very special recipe of my mother’s.

Usage notes

• In formal standard German, extra- is a prefix attached to the following noun. In colloquial German, however, it is often treated like a real adjective. The substantival (or partitive) form used with indefinite pronouns may also take -s: was Extras (“something additional, something on top”).

Derived terms

• Extrablatt
• Extrawurst

Adverb

extra

1. specifically (for a given purpose)

   Synonym: eigens

   Das Wrack wurde mit extra entworfenen Bergungskränen gehoben. ― The wreck was lifted with specifically designed salvage cranes.

2. (colloquial) on purpose

   Synonyms: absichtlich, mit Absicht

   Das hab ich doch nich’ extra gemacht! ― I didn't do that on purpose!

3. (colloquial) aside, apart, separately

   Synonyms: einzeln, getrennt, separat

   Können Sie mir die Fritten und die Wurst extra abpacken? ― Could you wrap the fries and the sausage separately?

4. (colloquial) particularly, very

   Synonyms: besonders, sehr

   Vorsicht! Der Tee is’ extra heiß! ― Be careful! The tea is extra hot!

Usage notes

• In the sense of “specifically”, extra has entered the standard language and is now frequently seen in writing. The other senses remain colloquial.

Further reading

• “extra”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[2] (in German)
• “extra” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon

Hungarian

Etymology

From German extra, from Latin extra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛkstrɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ext‧ra
• Rhymes: -rɒ

Adjective

extra (comparative extrább, superlative legextrább)

1. extra (beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional)

   extra kiadások ― extra expenses

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	extra	extrák
accusative	extrát	extrákat
dative	extrának	extráknak
instrumental	extrával	extrákkal
causal-final	extráért	extrákért
translative	extrává	extrákká
terminative	extráig	extrákig
essive-formal	extraként	extrákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	extrában	extrákban
superessive	extrán	extrákon
adessive	extránál	extráknál
illative	extrába	extrákba
sublative	extrára	extrákra
allative	extrához	extrákhoz
elative	extrából	extrákból
delative	extráról	extrákról
ablative	extrától	extráktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	extráé	extráké
non-attributive possessive – plural	extráéi	extrákéi

Noun

extra (plural extrák)

1. luxury features (e.g. in vehicles)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	extra	extrák
accusative	extrát	extrákat
dative	extrának	extráknak
instrumental	extrával	extrákkal
causal-final	extráért	extrákért
translative	extrává	extrákká
terminative	extráig	extrákig
essive-formal	extraként	extrákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	extrában	extrákban
superessive	extrán	extrákon
adessive	extránál	extráknál
illative	extrába	extrákba
sublative	extrára	extrákra
allative	extrához	extrákhoz
elative	extrából	extrákból
delative	extráról	extrákról
ablative	extrától	extráktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	extráé	extráké
non-attributive possessive – plural	extráéi	extrákéi

Possessive forms of extra

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	extrám	extráim
2nd person sing.	extrád	extráid
3rd person sing.	extrája	extrái
1st person plural	extránk	extráink
2nd person plural	extrátok	extráitok
3rd person plural	extrájuk	extráik

Further reading

• extra in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• extra in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026).

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ekstra/, /eɡztra/

Adjective

extra

1. extra

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛks.tra/
  • Rhymes: -ɛkstra
  • Hyphenation: èx‧tra
• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.tra/
  • Rhymes: -ɛstra

Adjective

extra (invariable)

1. extra
2. select (best quality)

Noun

extra m (invariable)

1. extra (something additional)

Preposition

extra

1. outside of, aside from, not including

Latin

Etymology

Adverb contracted from the ablative exterā (parte), of exter.

The change from instrumental/ablative to accusative is caused by *-teros used adverbially.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛk.straː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛk.stra]

Adverb

extrā (comparative exterius, no superlative)

1. on the outside

   Synonyms: extrīnsecus, forīs

Preposition

extrā (+ accusative)

1. outside of
2. beyond

Derived terms

• extrā omnēs (“out, all of you; everybody else, out”)
• extrāneus
• extrārius

Descendants

• Aromanian: strã-
• Emilian: strasoura, strasora (extra + horam)
• Italian: stra-
• Old French: estre
• Old Occitan: estra
• Old Spanish: gestra
• Romanian: stră-
• Sicilian: stra-, nestra (in + extra)
• → English: extra-
• → Friulian: stra-
• → Italian: extra-, estra-
• → Portuguese: extra-
• → Romanian: extra-
• → French: extra-
• → Spanish: extra-

References

• “extra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “extra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “extra”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen extra ripas diffluit
    
  • to go outside the gate: extra portam egredi
    
  • joking apart: extra iocum, remoto ioco (Fam. 7. 11. 3)
    
  • to pass the limit: extra modum prodire
    
  • beyond all measure: extra, praeter modum
    
  • to be free from blame: extra culpam esse
    
  • to be out of range: extra teli iactum, coniectum esse
    
• extra in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “extra”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 232
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “extra”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3: D–F, page 330

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈes.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛs.tɾɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈes.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛs.tɾɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈeʃ.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛʃ.tɾɐ/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɐjʃ.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛʃ.tɾɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɐjʃ.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛʃ.tɾɐ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈejʃ.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛʃ.tɾɐ/
  • (Central Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈejʃ.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛʃ.tɾɐ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈeʃ.tɾɐ/, /ˈɛʃ.tɾɐ/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?) (particularly: ekstra?)

• Rhymes: -ɛstɾɐ, -ɐjʃtɾɐ
• Hyphenation: ex‧tra

Adjective

extra m or f (plural extras)

1. extra (beyond what is due, usual, expected or necessary)

   Synonym: adicional

Noun

extra m (plural extras)

1. anything that is extra
2. bonus (extra amount of money given as a premium)

   Synonym: bónus

Noun

extra m or f by sense (plural extras)

1. (film, television) extra; walk-on (actor in a small role with no dialogue)

   Synonym: figurante

Further reading

• “extra”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “extra”, in Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisboa: Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, 2001–2026
• “extra”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “extra”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026
• “extra”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeɡstɾa/ [ˈeɣ̞s.t̪ɾa]
• Rhymes: -eɡstɾa
• Syllabification: ex‧tra

Adjective

extra m or f (masculine and feminine plural extras)

1. additional, extra
2. superior
3. extraordinary

   Synonym: extraordinario

Derived terms

• aceite de oliva extra virgen
• extra de
• horas extras
• paga extra

Noun

extra m or f by sense (plural extras)

1. extra (in a film)

Further reading

• “extra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio (Gotland):

  (file)

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. extra

Declension

No inflected forms.

Derived terms

• extrainkomst
• extraknäck
• extraordinarie
• extraordinär
• extrapolera
• extrapris
• extravagant

Adverb

extra (not comparable)

1. extra