existimo

See also: existimó

Latin

Alternative forms

exīstumō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-?

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos

Proto-Italic *ajos

Proto-Italic *aos

Latin aes

Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.

Latin *temos

?

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-der.?

Old Latin aestumō

Latin aestimō

Latin exīstimō

From ex- + aestimō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɛkˈsiːs.tɪ.moː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [eɡˈzis.ti.mo]

Verb

exīstimō (present infinitive exīstimāre, perfect active exīstimāvī, supine exīstimātum); first conjugation

to value, or esteem, estimate, reckon, consider [with genitive of quality (rare)]
Synonyms: aestimō, habeō, videō

aliquid parvī exīstimāre ― to consider something as low
- c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 1.1.73:
  Satin abiit neque quod dixi flocci existumat?
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 2.3.17–18:
  Nunc si dico ut res est atque illam mihi me
  emisse indico, quem ad modum existumet me?
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita divi Augusti 40:
  Magni praeterea existimans sincerum atque ab omni colluvione peregrini ac servilis sanguinis incorruptum servare populum, et civitates Romanas parcissime dedit et manumittendi modum termi navit.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
to think, suppose, judge or consider [with accusative ‘something’; or with de (+ ablative) ‘about something’]
Synonyms: putō, cōgitō, sentiō, arbitror, crēdō, reor, cōnsīderō, reputō, iūdicō, cēnseō
- 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.29:
  An, cum bellō vastābitur Ītalia, vexābuntur urbēs, tēcta ārdēbunt, tum tē nōn exīstumās invidiae incendiō cōnflagrātūrum?
  Or, when Italy will be ravaged by war, cities attacked, [and] homes are burning, do you not think that then [you] will be consumed by the fire of [public] hatred?

Conjugation

Conjugation of exīstimō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	exīstimō	exīstimās		exīstimat	exīstimāmus	exīstimātis		exīstimant
	imperfect	exīstimābam	exīstimābās		exīstimābat	exīstimābāmus	exīstimābātis		exīstimābant
	future	exīstimābō	exīstimābis		exīstimābit	exīstimābimus	exīstimābitis		exīstimābunt
	perfect	exīstimāvī	exīstimāvistī, exīstimāstī¹		exīstimāvit, exīstimāt¹	exīstimāvimus, exīstimāmus¹	exīstimāvistis, exīstimāstis¹		exīstimāvērunt, exīstimārunt, exīstimāvēre¹
	pluperfect	exīstimāveram, exīstimāram¹	exīstimāverās, exīstimārās¹		exīstimāverat, exīstimārat¹	exīstimāverāmus, exīstimārāmus¹	exīstimāverātis, exīstimārātis¹		exīstimāverant, exīstimārant¹
	future perfect	exīstimāverō, exīstimārō¹	exīstimāveris, exīstimāris¹		exīstimāverit, exīstimārit¹	exīstimāverimus, exīstimārimus¹	exīstimāveritis, exīstimāritis¹		exīstimāverint, exīstimārint¹
passive	present	exīstimor	exīstimāris, exīstimāre		exīstimātur	exīstimāmur	exīstimāminī		exīstimantur
	imperfect	exīstimābar	exīstimābāris, exīstimābāre		exīstimābātur	exīstimābāmur	exīstimābāminī		exīstimābantur
	future	exīstimābor	exīstimāberis, exīstimābere		exīstimābitur	exīstimābimur	exīstimābiminī		exīstimābuntur
	perfect	exīstimātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	exīstimātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	exīstimātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	exīstimem	exīstimēs		exīstimet	exīstimēmus	exīstimētis		exīstiment
	imperfect	exīstimārem	exīstimārēs		exīstimāret	exīstimārēmus	exīstimārētis		exīstimārent
	perfect	exīstimāverim, exīstimārim¹	exīstimāverīs, exīstimārīs¹		exīstimāverit, exīstimārit¹	exīstimāverīmus, exīstimārīmus¹	exīstimāverītis, exīstimārītis¹		exīstimāverint, exīstimārint¹
	pluperfect	exīstimāvissem, exīstimāssem¹	exīstimāvissēs, exīstimāssēs¹		exīstimāvisset, exīstimāsset¹	exīstimāvissēmus, exīstimāssēmus¹	exīstimāvissētis, exīstimāssētis¹		exīstimāvissent, exīstimāssent¹
passive	present	exīstimer	exīstimēris, exīstimēre		exīstimētur	exīstimēmur	exīstimēminī		exīstimentur
	imperfect	exīstimārer	exīstimārēris, exīstimārēre		exīstimārētur	exīstimārēmur	exīstimārēminī		exīstimārentur
	perfect	exīstimātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	exīstimātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	exīstimā		—	—	exīstimāte		—
active	future	—	exīstimātō		exīstimātō	—	exīstimātōte		exīstimantō
passive	present	—	exīstimāre		—	—	exīstimāminī		—
passive	future	—	exīstimātor		exīstimātor	—	—		exīstimantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		exīstimāre		exīstimārī		exīstimāns		—
future		exīstimātūrum esse		exīstimātum īrī		exīstimātūrus		exīstimandus
perfect		exīstimāvisse, exīstimāsse¹		exīstimātum esse		—		exīstimātus
future perfect		—		exīstimātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		exīstimātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		exīstimandī	exīstimandō		exīstimandum	exīstimandō	exīstimātum		exīstimātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

References

“existimo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“existimo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“existimo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- that is exactly what I think: ita prorsus existimo
- (ambiguous) a (competent, intelligent, subtle) critic: existimator (doctus, intellegens, acerrimus)
existimo, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Spanish

Verb

existimo

first-person singular present indicative of existimar