consternar

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnsternāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [kuns.tərˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [kons.tərˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [kons.teɾˈnaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [kons.terˈna]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

consternar (first-person singular present consterno, first-person singular preterite consterní, past participle consternat); root stress: (Northern) /e̞/; (Balearic) /ə/; (Central) /ɛ/; (Northwestern, Valencia) /e/

1. (transitive) to consternate; to dismay (cause consternation)

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of consternar (first conjugation)

infinitive			consternar
gerund			consternant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		consternat		consternada
		plural		consternats		consternades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	consterno	consternes	consterna	consternem	consterneu	consternen
	imperfect	consternava	consternaves	consternava	consternàvem	consternàveu	consternaven
	future	consternaré	consternaràs	consternarà	consternarem	consternareu	consternaran
	preterite	consterní	consternares	consternà	consternàrem	consternàreu	consternaren
	conditional	consternaria	consternaries	consternaria	consternaríem	consternaríeu	consternarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	consterni	consternis	consterni	consternem	consterneu	consternin
	imperfect	consternés	consternessis	consternés	consternéssim	consternéssiu	consternessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	consterna	consterni	consternem	consterneu	consternin
	negative (no)	—	no consternis	no consterni	no consternem	no consterneu	no consternin

Related terms

• consternació

Further reading

• “consternar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “consternar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “consternar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “consternar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Latin

Verb

cōnsternar

1. inflection of cōnsternō:
   1. first-person singular future passive indicative
   2. first-person singular present passive subjunctive

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnsternāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kõs.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [kõs.teɦˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kõs.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [kõs.teɦˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /kõs.teɾˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.teʁˈna(ʁ)/ [kõʃ.teʁˈna(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /kõs.teɻˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɨɾˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɨɾˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɨɾˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: cons‧ter‧nar

Verb

consternar (first-person singular present consterno, first-person singular preterite consternei, past participle consternado)

1. (transitive) to consternate; to dismay (to cause consternation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of consternar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	consternar
Personal	consternar	consternares	consternar	consternarmos	consternardes	consternarem
Gerund
	consternando
Past participle
Masculine	consternado			consternados
Feminine	consternada			consternadas
Indicative
Present	consterno	consternas	consterna	consternamos	consternais	consternam
Imperfect	consternava	consternavas	consternava	consternávamos	consternáveis	consternavam
Preterite	consternei	consternaste	consternou	consternamos1, consternámos2	consternastes	consternaram
Pluperfect	consternara	consternaras	consternara	consternáramos	consternáreis	consternaram
Future	consternarei	consternarás	consternará	consternaremos	consternareis	consternarão
Conditional	consternaria	consternarias	consternaria	consternaríamos	consternaríeis	consternariam
Subjunctive
Present	consterne	consternes	consterne	consternemos	consterneis	consternem
Imperfect	consternasse	consternasses	consternasse	consternássemos	consternásseis	consternassem
Future	consternar	consternares	consternar	consternarmos	consternardes	consternarem
Imperative
Affirmative		consterna	consterne	consternemos	consternai	consternem
Negative (não)		não consternes	não consterne	não consternemos	não consterneis	não consternem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• consternação

Further reading

• “consternar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “consternar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin consternāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /konsteɾˈnaɾ/ [kõns.t̪eɾˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cons‧ter‧nar

Verb

consternar (first-person singular present consterno, first-person singular preterite consterné, past participle consternado)

1. (transitive) to consternate, to dismay (to cause consternation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of consternar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			consternar
gerund			consternando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		consternado		consternada
		plural		consternados		consternadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	consterno	consternastú consternásvos	consterna	consternamos	consternáis	consternan
	imperfect	consternaba	consternabas	consternaba	consternábamos	consternabais	consternaban
	preterite	consterné	consternaste	consternó	consternamos	consternasteis	consternaron
	future	consternaré	consternarás	consternará	consternaremos	consternaréis	consternarán
	conditional	consternaría	consternarías	consternaría	consternaríamos	consternaríais	consternarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	consterne	consternestú consternésvos2	consterne	consternemos	consternéis	consternen
	imperfect (ra)	consternara	consternaras	consternara	consternáramos	consternarais	consternaran
	imperfect (se)	consternase	consternases	consternase	consternásemos	consternaseis	consternasen
	future1	consternare	consternares	consternare	consternáremos	consternareis	consternaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		consternatú consternávos	consterne	consternemos	consternad	consternen
	negative		no consternes	no consterne	no consternemos	no consternéis	no consternen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of consternar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive consternar	dative	consternarme	consternarte	consternarle, consternarse	consternarnos	consternaros	consternarles, consternarse
	accusative	consternarme	consternarte	consternarlo, consternarla, consternarse	consternarnos	consternaros	consternarlos, consternarlas, consternarse
with gerund consternando	dative	consternándome	consternándote	consternándole, consternándose	consternándonos	consternándoos	consternándoles, consternándose
	accusative	consternándome	consternándote	consternándolo, consternándola, consternándose	consternándonos	consternándoos	consternándolos, consternándolas, consternándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative consterna	dative	constérname	constérnate	constérnale	constérnanos	not used	constérnales
	accusative	constérname	constérnate	constérnalo, constérnala	constérnanos	not used	constérnalos, constérnalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative consterná	dative	constername	consternate	consternale	consternanos	not used	consternales
	accusative	constername	consternate	consternalo, consternala	consternanos	not used	consternalos, consternalas
with formal second-person singular imperative consterne	dative	constérneme	not used	constérnele, constérnese	constérnenos	not used	constérneles
	accusative	constérneme	not used	constérnelo, constérnela, constérnese	constérnenos	not used	constérnelos, constérnelas
with first-person plural imperative consternemos	dative	not used	consternémoste	consternémosle	consternémonos	consternémoos	consternémosles
	accusative	not used	consternémoste	consternémoslo, consternémosla	consternémonos	consternémoos	consternémoslos, consternémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative consternad	dative	consternadme	not used	consternadle	consternadnos	consternaos	consternadles
	accusative	consternadme	not used	consternadlo, consternadla	consternadnos	consternaos	consternadlos, consternadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative consternen	dative	constérnenme	not used	constérnenle	constérnennos	not used	constérnenles, constérnense
	accusative	constérnenme	not used	constérnenlo, constérnenla	constérnennos	not used	constérnenlos, constérnenlas, constérnense

Related terms

• consternación

Further reading

• “consternar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026