cham

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cham"

English

Etymology 1

From French cham, from Ottoman Turkish خان (han) (see there for more).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kæm/
  • Rhymes: -æm

Noun

cham (plural chams)

  1. Archaic spelling of khan.
    • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
      And ſince we haue arriu’d in Scythia,
      Beſides rich preſents from the puiſant Cham,
      UUe haue his highneſſe letters to commaund
      Aide and aſſiſtance if we ſtand in need.
    • 1840, Thomas Fuller, The History of the Holy War:
      But Baiothnoi, chief captain of the Tartarian army (for they were not admitted to speak with the great cham himself), cried quits with this friar, outvying him with the greatness and divinity of their cham; and sent back by them a blunt letter […]
  2. An autocrat or dominant critic, especially Samuel Johnson.
    • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:
      Sitting at a table, drinking Ale, observing the Mist thro’ the Window-Panes, Mason forty-five, the Cham sixty-four.
    • 2007, Michael Dobson, “For his Nose was as sharpe as a Pen”, in London Review of Books, volume 29, number 9, page 3:
      The Tonsons […] would publish Johnson's Shakespeare only by subscription, obliging the Great Cham to sell copies well ahead of publication

Etymology 2

See chap.

Verb

cham (third-person singular simple present chams, present participle chamming, simple past and past participle chammed)

  1. (obsolete) To chew.
    • 1531, William Tyndale, Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue:
      But he that repenteth toward the law of God, and at the sight of the sacrament, or of the breaking, feeling, eating, chamming, or drinking, calleth to remembrance the death of Christ, his body breaking and blood shedding for our sins [...]

Etymology 3

From Middle English icham, equivalent to ch- +‎ am, from ich + am.

Contraction

cham

  1. (West Country, obsolete) I am
Synonyms

References

  • Holloway, William (1840), A General Dictionary of Provincialisms, London: John Russell Smith, page 27

Anagrams

Antillean Creole

Etymology

From French charme.

Noun

cham

  1. charm (an object believed to have magic power)
  2. potion (liquid with supposedly magic powers)
  • chamé

References

French

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Vietnamese Chăm, from Eastern Cham Cam.

Adjective

cham (feminine chame, masculine plural chams, feminine plural chames)

  1. Cham

Noun

cham m (plural chams)

  1. Cham (language)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خان (han, “khan”).

Noun

cham m (plural chams)

  1. obsolete form of khan (“khan”)

Further reading

Irish

Pronunciation

Adjective

cham

  1. lenited form of cam

Macanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Portuguese chão (“ground”), inherited from Latin plānum (“level ground”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃaŋ/, /t͡ʃɐŋ/

Noun

cham (plural cham-cham)

  1. ground
  2. soil
    Fu-fula semea na cham di Hong-Gong ― Flowers picked from the soil of Hong Kong

Malay

Etymology

From Hokkien 摻 / 掺 (chham)

Noun

cham (plural cham-cham)

  1. a drink that is a mixture of tea and coffee.

Coordinate terms

Middle English

Etymology

See ch-.

Verb

cham

  1. I am

Old Irish

Adjective

cham

  1. alternative spelling of chamm: lenited form of cam

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree
Hebrew חָם (Ḥām)lbor.
Polish Cham
Polish cham

    From Cham. Stemming from the belief that peasants were descended from the Biblical Ham and therefore subject to his eponymous curse.[1]

    Pronunciation

     
    • IPA(key): /ˈxam/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -am
    • Syllabification: cham
    • Homophone: Cham

    Noun

    cham m pers (female equivalent chamka or chamica, augmentative (dialectal) chamudro)

    1. (derogatory) bumpkin, yokel (arrogant, ill-manner person; one who is uncultured and uneducated)
      Synonyms: burak, chamidło, chamisko, prostak, prymityw
    2. (archaic, derogatory) countryman, peasant (person of low birth)
      Synonyms: chłop, wieśniak

    Declension

    Declension of cham
    singular plural
    nominative cham chami, chamy1
    genitive chama chamów
    dative chamowi chamom
    accusative chama chamów
    instrumental chamem chamami
    locative chamie chamach
    vocative chamie chami

    1Deprecative.

    Derived terms

    adjectives
    nouns
    verbs
    adverbs
    nouns

    References

    1. ^ Maria Gospodarczyk ((Can we date this quote?)), Marta Bucholc (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024), editor, Established-Outsiders Relations in Poland: Reconfiguring Elias and Scotson‎[1], The Polish Peasant in Poland: Peasants in the Narratives of Polish Nation-Building, page 84

    Further reading

    • “cham”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • “cham”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[4] (in Polish)
    • Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “cham”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎[5] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 14

    Portuguese

    Noun

    cham m (plural chans)

    1. obsolete spelling of chão

    Scottish Gaelic

    Adjective

    cham

    1. lenited form of cam

    Mutation

    Mutation of cam
    radical lenition
    cam cham

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Tzotzil

    Verb

    cham

    1. (intransitive) to die
      Synonyms: chʼay, chʼay ikʼ, laj, olan
      Icham. ― He/she died.
      Mu me jkʼan xicham. ― I do not want to die.[1]

    References

    1. ^ Laughlin, Robert M. (1977) Of cabagges and kings: tales from Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, p. 269.
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