caleo

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *kalēō
Latin caleō

    Inherited from Proto-Italic *kalēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁- (“to be hot”). Compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts, whence Sanskrit शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) and Persian سال (sâl, “year”), as well as Latvian silts (“warm”) and Welsh clyd (“id”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    caleō (present infinitive calēre, perfect active caluī, future active participle calitūrus); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

    1. to be warm or hot, glow
      Synonym: candeō
    2. (figuratively) to be aroused, warmed or inflamed
      • 30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegiae 4.3.62:
        succinctique calent ad nova lucra popae.
        and aproned sacrificial slaughterers bustle to win new profits
    3. (figuratively) to be troubled or perplexed
    4. (figuratively) to be yet warm, new or fresh
    5. (figuratively, of abstract things) to be carried on warmly, to be urged on zealously
    6. (figuratively, of a place) to be eagerly sought, to be frequented

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of caleō (second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present caleō calēs calet calēmus calētis calent
    imperfect calēbam calēbās calēbat calēbāmus calēbātis calēbant
    future calēbō calēbis calēbit calēbimus calēbitis calēbunt
    perfect caluī caluistī caluit caluimus caluistis caluērunt,
    caluēre
    pluperfect calueram caluerās caluerat caluerāmus caluerātis caluerant
    future perfect caluerō calueris caluerit caluerimus calueritis caluerint
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present caleam caleās caleat caleāmus caleātis caleant
    imperfect calērem calērēs calēret calērēmus calērētis calērent
    perfect caluerim caluerīs caluerit caluerīmus caluerītis caluerint
    pluperfect caluissem caluissēs caluisset caluissēmus caluissētis caluissent
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — calē — — calēte —
    future — calētō calētō — calētōte calentō
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present calēre — calēns —
    future calitūrum esse — calitūrus —
    perfect caluisse — — —
    perfect potential calitūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    calendī calendō calendum calendō — —

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Italo-Romance:
      • Italian: calere
      • Neapolitan: caliare
      • Sicilian: caliari (Calabrian)
    • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Southern Gallo-Romance:
    • Ibero-Romance:
    • Borrowings:

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83

    Further reading

    • “caleo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “caleo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “caleo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

    Romanian

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈkale̯o]

    Noun

    caleo f

    1. vocative singular of cale
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