January

English

An early-1600s painting depicting a Flemish winter scene with ice skaters.
A kite is flown in snow-covered Milwaukee, Wisconsin in early January

Alternative forms

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-der.
Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-no-
Proto-Italic *jānos
Latin iānus
Latin Iānus
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-os?
Proto-Indo-European *-o-
Proto-Indo-European *-so-
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós
Proto-Italic *-āsijos
Proto-Italic *-āsios
Latin -ārius
Latin Iānuāriusder.
Anglo-Norman geneverbor.
Middle English Janevere
Middle English Januarie
English January

    From Middle English Januarie, januari, re-latinised forms of Middle English Janevere, Ieneuer, from Anglo-Norman genever, from Latin Iānuārius (“(month) of Janus”), a compound of Iānus ("Janus") +‎ -ārius (adjectival suffix), with the first element perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root *yeh₂- (“to go”). Doublet of Gennaro.

    Pronunciation

    • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒæn.jʊ.ə.ɹi/, /ˈd͡ʒæn.jə.ɹi/ or as US
    • (US) enPR: jănʹyo͞o-ĕr'ē, IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒæn.juˌɛɹi/, /ˈd͡ʒæn.juˌæɹi/
    • Audio (US):(file)
    • (Australia) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒæn.jʉˌeːɹi/, /ˈd͡ʒæn.jəɹi/, /ˈd͡ʒæn.ɹi/
    • (Ireland) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒan.jʉuˌəɹi/
      • (Dublin) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒæn.juˌwəɹi/
    • (South Asia) IPA(key): /ˈdʒanwəri/, /ˈdʒan(j)ʊwəri/, /dʒən(ə)wəˈri/
    • (obsolete) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌwɛəɹi/, /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌweɪɹi/[1]
    • (US) Hyphenation: Jan‧u‧ary[2]
    • (UK) Hyphenation: Janu‧ary

    Proper noun

    January (plural Januaries or Januarys)

    2. The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February.
      Alternative forms: Jan, Jan., JAN, 1
      Synonym: (Quakerism) First Month
      Holonyms: calendar year; year
      Comeronyms: February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
      01/01/09 : Thursday, 1st January(,) 2009.
      American style: Thursday, January 1st, 2009.
      I hate Januarys: it's always too cold.
      • 2020 June 30, Sophie Atkinson, “Andy Warhol’s Secrets for Surviving Isolation”, in The New York Times Magazine‎[2], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 4 November 2020:
        I get sick a lot in the winter, so I spent this past January as I’ve spent many Januaries before it — in bed with a standard-issue flu.
      • 2021 December 13, Amir Vera, “Louisville detective who fatally shot Breonna Taylor is appealing his termination from the police department”, in CNN‎[3], Atlanta, Ga.: Warner Bros. Discovery, archived from the original on 27 March 2022:
        The Louisville Metro Police Department terminated Detective Myles Cosgrove in January for use of deadly force for firing 16 rounds into Taylor’s home and failing to activate his body camera, according to a copy of his termination letter.
    3. (rare) A female given name transferred from the month name [in turn from English].
      • 2011, Michael Schofield, January First:
        “Hi, January!” Lynn calls. “Happy birthday!”

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    Descendants

    Translations

    See also

    Gregorian calendar monthsedit

    References

    1. ^ Hall, Joseph Sargent (2 March 1942), “2. The Vowel Sounds of Unstressed and Partially Stressed Syllables”, in The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4), New York: King's Crown Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § II.4, page 68.
    2. ^ Hyphenation exception log, Barbara Beeton, 2015, online at [1]

    Tagalog

    Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-der.
    Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-no-
    Proto-Italic *jānos
    Latin iānus
    Latin Iānus
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
    Proto-Indo-European *-os?
    Proto-Indo-European *-o-
    Proto-Indo-European *-so-
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-
    Proto-Indo-European *-yós
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós
    Proto-Italic *-āsijos
    Proto-Italic *-āsios
    Latin -ārius
    Latin Iānuāriusder.
    Anglo-Norman geneverbor.
    Middle English Janevere
    Middle English Januarie
    English Januarybor.
    Tagalog January

      Borrowed from English January, from Middle English Januarie, from Janevere, borrowed from Anglo-Norman genever, from Latin Iānuārius, from Iānus (“Janus”) + -ārius. Doublet of Enero.

      Pronunciation

      • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /d͡ʒanjuˈwaɾi/ [d͡ʒɐnˈɲwaː.ɾɪ]
        • IPA(key): (no palatal assimilation) /djanjuˈwaɾi/ [d̪jɐn̪.jʊˈwaː.ɾɪ]
      • Rhymes: -aɾi
      • Syllabification: Jan‧ua‧ry

      Proper noun

      January (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜏᜇᜒ)

      1. a female given name from English
      2. a male given name from English
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