This portal has a single page layout. It is possible that any subpages may no longer be needed.
Please take care when editing, especially if using automated editing software, and seek consensus before making major changes.Learn how to update the maintenance information here.
Science portal
Members of the Academy in 1667 with Louis XIV
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable explanations about nature and society. It is driven by the scientific method: an empirical cycle that typically involves making observations, producing hypotheses, testing them with evidence, and drawing conclusions. Science encompasses this process and the body of knowledge it produces, which the scientific community continuously challenges, validates, and organises. (Full article...)
Featured article -
Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.
Elasmosaurus (/ɪˌlæzməˈsɔːrəs,-moʊ-/) is a genus of plesiosaur that lived in North America during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, at about 80.6 to 77million years ago. The first specimen was discovered in 1867 near Fort Wallace, Kansas, US, and was sent to the American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who named it E.platyurus in 1868. The generic name means "thin-plate reptile", and the specific name means "flat-tailed". Cope originally reconstructed the skeleton of Elasmosaurus with the skull at the end of the tail, an error which was made light of by the paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh, and became part of their "Bone Wars" rivalry. Only one incomplete Elasmosaurus skeleton is definitely known, consisting of a fragmentary skull, the spine, and now lost pectoral and pelvic girdles, and a single species is recognized today; other species are now considered invalid or have been moved to other genera. A fragmentary specimen from Germany may belong to this genus. (Full article...)
Image 2
Mycena haematopus, commonly known as the bleeding fairy helmet, the burgundydrop bonnet, or the bleeding Mycena, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae, of the order Agaricales. First described scientifically in 1799, it is classified in the sectionLactipedes of the genus Mycena, along with other species that produce a milky or colored latex. (Full article...)
Image 3
Reconstruction of the skull with holotype elements shown in white
Duriavenator is a genus of theropoddinosaur that lived in what is now England during the Middle Jurassic, about 168 million years ago. In 1882, upper and lower jaw bones of a dinosaur were collected near Sherborne in Dorset, and Richard Owen considered the fossils to belong to the species Megalosaurus bucklandii, the first named non-bird dinosaur. By 1964, the specimen was recognised as belonging to a different species, and in 1974 it was described as a new species of Megalosaurus, M. hesperis; the specific name means 'the West' or 'western'. Later researchers questioned whether the species belonged to Megalosaurus, in which many fragmentary theropods from around the world had historically been placed. After examining the taxonomic issues surrounding Megalosaurus, Roger B. J. Benson moved M. hesperis to its own genus in 2008, Duriavenator; this name means "Dorset hunter". (Full article...)
Image 4
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a MoravianAugustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. (Full article...)
Europejara is a genus of tapejarid pterosaur that lived during the Barremian age of the Early Cretaceous epoch in what is now Spain. The only known specimen was found at the Las Hoyas site of Cuenca, a location noted for its exceptional Konservat-Lagerstätte preservation. In 2012, the new genus and speciesEuropejara olcadesorum was named based on it. The generic name refers to Europe, where it was found, and to the related genus Tapejara from what is now Brazil, while the specific name refers to the Olcades, an ancient people that lived in the region. The holotype specimen consists of an incomplete, crushed skull; the bones of the postorbital region are displaced while the mandible is almost complete. (Full article...)
Image 6
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxyβ-methylbutyrate, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS. In healthy adults, supplementation with HMB has been shown to increase exercise-induced gains in muscle size, muscle strength, and lean body mass, reduce skeletal muscle damage from exercise, improve aerobic exercise performance, and expedite recovery from exercise; in trained and competitive athletes, evidence is mixed on whether it meaningfully augments resistance training–induced gains in lean mass and strength. Medical reviews and meta-analyses indicate that HMB supplementation also helps to preserve or increase lean body mass and muscle strength in individuals experiencing age-related muscle loss. HMB produces these effects in part by stimulating the production of proteins and inhibiting the breakdown of proteins in muscle tissue. No adverse effects from long-term use as a dietary supplement in adults have been found. (Full article...)
The grey currawong (Strepera versicolor) is a large passerine bird native to southern Australia, including Tasmania. One of three currawong species in the genus Strepera, it is closely related to the butcherbirds and Australian magpie of the family Artamidae. It is a large crow-like bird, around 48cm (19in) long on average; with yellow irises, a heavy bill, dark plumage with white undertail and wing patches. The male and female are similar in appearance. Six subspecies are recognised and are distinguished by overall plumage colour, which ranges from slate-grey for the nominate from New South Wales and eastern Victoria and subspecies plumbea from Western Australia, to sooty black for the clinking currawong of Tasmania and subspecies halmaturina from Kangaroo Island. All grey currawongs have a loud distinctive ringing or clinking call. (Full article...)
Image 8
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste or smell of drinking water.
Zebras (US: /ˈziːbrəz/, UK: /ˈzɛbrəz,ˈziː-/) (subgenus Hippotigris) are African equines with distinctive black-and-white striped coats. There are three living species: Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), the plains zebra (E. quagga), and the mountain zebra (E. zebra). Zebras share the genus Equus with horses and asses, the three groups being the only living members of the family Equidae. Zebra stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual. Several theories have been proposed for the function of these patterns, with most evidence supporting them as a deterrent for biting flies. Zebras inhabit eastern and southern Africa and can be found in a variety of habitats such as savannahs, grasslands, woodlands, shrublands, and mountainous areas. (Full article...)
Image 10
CM pilot David Scott performs a stand-up EVA from CM Gumdrop, seen from docked LMSpider
Ray Fletcher FarquharsonMBE (4 August 1897 – 1 June 1965) was a Canadian medical doctor, university professor, and medical researcher. Born in Claude, Ontario, he attended and taught at the University of Toronto for most of his life, and was trained and employed at Toronto General Hospital. With co-researcher Arthur Squires, Farquharson was responsible for the discovery of the Farquharson phenomenon, an important principle of endocrinology, which is that administering external hormones suppresses the natural production of that hormone. (Full article...)
Magpie Lane in Oxford, once known as Gropecunt Lane Gropecunt Lane (/ˈɡroʊpkʌnt/) was a street name found in English towns and cities during the Middle Ages, believed to be a reference to the prostitution centred on those areas; it was normal practice for a medieval street name to reflect the street's function or the economic activity taking place within it. Gropecunt, the earliest known use of which is in about 1230, appears to have been derived as a compound of the words grope and cunt. Streets with that name were often in the busiest parts of medieval towns and cities, and at least one appears to have been an important thoroughfare. (Full article...)
Image 14
Mounted skeleton of P.trossingensis (GPIT "Skelett2"), consisting of two individual specimens from the Trossingen Formation, museum of the Institute for Geosciences (GPIT) of the Eberhard-Karls-UniversityTübingen, Germany
Plateosaurus (probably meaning "broad lizard", often mistranslated as "flat lizard") is a genus of plateosauriddinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic epoch of the Triassicperiod, around 214 to 204 million years ago, in what is now Central and Northern Europe. Plateosaurus is a basal (early) sauropodomorph dinosaur, a so-called "prosauropod". The type species is Plateosaurus trossingensis; before 2019, that honor was given to Plateosaurus engelhardti, but it was ruled as undiagnostic (i.e. indistinguishable from other dinosaurs) by the ICZN. Currently, there are three valid species; in addition to P. trossingensis, P. longiceps and P. gracilis are also known. However, others have been assigned in the past, and there is no broad consensus on the species taxonomy of plateosaurid dinosaurs. Similarly, there are a plethora of synonyms (invalid duplicate names) at the genus level. (Full article...)
Image 15
Male
The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), also known as the steinbock, is a European species of goat which lives in the Alps. It is one of ten species in the genus Capra, and its closest living relative is the Iberian ibex. The Alpine ibex is a sexually dimorphic species; males are much larger and carry much larger, longer horns than females. Its coat is brownish-grey. Alpine ibexes tend to live in steep, rough terrain and open alpine meadows. They can be found at elevations as high as 3,300m (10,800ft) and their sharp hooves allow them to scale the steep slopes and cliffs of their mountainous habitat. (Full article...)
Featured pictures
Featured pictures about Science.
Image 1Fast breeder reactor, by Graevemoore (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 2A patient being treated for COVID-19, by Gustavo Basso (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 24NASA study on wingtip vortices at Wake turbulence, by Langley Research Center (edited by Fir0002) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 25Plasma globe, by Colin (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 26Section of the Large Hadron Collider, by Maximilien Brice (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 27Mechanical advantage device, by Prolineserver (edited by Tomia, Ss181292 and Atropos235) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 28Dichroic prism, by XRay (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 29Thermite reaction, by Nikthestunned (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
... that at the age of 14, Jenny Suo conducted a science experiment that ultimately led to GlaxoSmithKline pleading guilty to breaching consumer protection laws?
For editor resources and to collaborate with other editors on improving Wikipedia's Science-related articles, visit WikiProject Science.
Wikiproject Science
Topics list
Target articles
Guidelines
Templates
Members
This portal needs to be updated. Please help update this portal to reflect recent events or newly available information. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page.
Many naturally occurring phenomena approximate a normal distribution.
Contribute to one or more of the Science WikiProjects (main WikiProject here)
Contribute to one or more of the Science Collaborations:
Natural sciences and technology: Cetaceans• Chemistry• Dentistry• Dinosaurs• History of science• Medicine• Science
Social sciences: Geography (Africa, Australia, Canada, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, USA, Vancouver)
Supply photographs and images for articles listed in Category:Wikipedia requested photographs of science
Improve one of the many Science-related stub articles listed at Category:Science stubs.
Answer requests for comments
Integrate relatively new scientific knowledge and findings (major studies reported on by RS) into relevant articles
You can also go through this list of items that were nearly/not included in the last Year in science article to find studies to integrate elsewhere (many of these contain notable info, you can filter them by field and many rows have a likely relevant article already wikilinked in the last column)
Complete requests of other editors on the talk pages of science-related articles (examples)
Expand 2026 in science and/or other articles for science-related topics of the year (in the box on the right)
Create new articles for items of this article, mostly articles relating to new scientific fields/topics/findings (the page does not use redlinks anymore but you will quickly identify possible new articles when reading it; here you can find a version with over 60 redlinked examples)
Some of the lists' items have not yet been integrated into their wikilinked articles; if you add a study there it should also be relevant to at least one other article
Maybe this could be done as part of an organized effort
Find studies published under a compatible open license (like CC BY 4.0) and upload the studies' images with descriptions from the study and add these images to articles if they are relevant and useful there
When a study with a useful image is published under an incompatible or unclear license (or the image is published not in a study but elsewhere), you could contact its authors (Twitter/Mail) and ask them to give you the permission to upload them under CC BY 4.0 (or whether they could upload the image/s under a compatible license)
You can also think about whether images would be useful as you read a science-related article and then search for such images:
if they already exist add them (if already on WMCommons) or upload them (if the license is ok) or ask their authors for permissions
Top 10 WikiProject Science Popular articles of the month -
This following Science-related articles is a most visited articles of WikiProject Science, See complete list at Wikipedia:WikiProject Science/Popular pages.
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable explanations about nature and society. It is driven by the scientific method: an empirical cycle that typically involves making observations, producing hypotheses, testing them with evidence, and drawing conclusions. Science encompasses this process and the body of knowledge it produces, which the scientific community continuously challenges, validates, and organises. (Full article...)
Image 6
Sci-Hub is a shadow library that provides free access to millions of research papers, regardless of copyright, by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways. Unlike Library Genesis, it does not provide access to books. Sci-Hub was founded in Kazakhstan by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011, in response to the rising costs of research papers behind paywalls. The site is extensively used worldwide. In September 2019, the site's operator(s) said that it served approximately 400,000 requests per day. In addition to its intensive use, Sci-Hub stands out among other shadow libraries because of its easy use and reliability, as well as the enormous size of its collection. A 2018 study estimated that Sci-Hub provided access to almost all scholarly publications. On 15 July 2022, Sci-Hub reported that its collection comprised 88,343,822 files. In December 2020, the site paused uploads due to legal troubles. Since then, the site has archived a much lower fraction of new articles. (Full article...)
Image 7
In biology, taxonomy (fromAncient Greekτάξις (taxis)'arrangement'and-νομία (-nomia)'method') is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Modern approaches prioritize common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon), and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, having developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms. (Full article...)
Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.%20is%20a%20genus%20of%20plesiosaur%20that%20lived%20in%20North%20America%20during%20the%20Campanian%20stage%20of%20the%20Late%20Cretaceous%20period%2C%20at%20about%2080.6%20to%2077%20million%20years%20ago.%20The%20first%20specimen%20was%20discovered%20in%201867%20near%20Fort%20Wallace%2C%20Kansas%2C%20US%2C%20and%20was%20sent%20to%20the%20American%20paleontologist%20Edward%20Drinker%20Cope%2C%20who%20named%20it%20E.%20platyurus%20in%201868.%20The%20generic%20name%20means%20%26quot%3Bthin-plate%20reptile%26quot%3B%2C%20and%20the%20specific%20name%20means%20%26quot%3Bflat-tailed%26quot%3B.%20Cope%20originally%20reconstructed%20the%20skeleton%20of%20Elasmosaurus%20with%20the%20skull%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20tail%2C%20an%20error%20which%20was%20made%20light%20of%20by%20the%20paleontologist%20Othniel%20Charles%20Marsh%2C%20and%20became%20part%20of%20their%20%26quot%3BBone%20Wars%26quot%3B%20rivalry.%20Only%20one%20incomplete%20Elasmosaurus%20skeleton%20is%20definitely%20known%2C%20consisting%20of%20a%20fragmentary%20skull%2C%20the%20spine%2C%20and%20now%20lost%20pectoral%20and%20pelvic%20girdles%2C%20and%20a%20single%20species%20is%20recognized%20today%3B%20other%20species%20are%20now%20considered%20invalid%20or%20have%20been%20moved%20to%20other%20genera.%20A%20fragmentary%20specimen%20from%20Germany%20may%20belong%20to%20this%20genus.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%201%20Reconstructed%20skeleton%20in%20the%20Rocky%20Mountain%20Dinosaur%20Resource%20CenterElasmosaurus%20(%2F%C9%AA%CB%8Cl%C3%A6zm%C9%99%CB%88s%C9%94%CB%90r%C9%99s%2C%20-mo%CA%8A-%2F)%20is%20a%20genus%20of%20plesiosaur%20that%20lived%20in%20North%20America%20during%20the%20Campanian%20stage%20of%20the%20Late%20Cretaceous%20period%2C%20at%20about%2080.6%20to%2077%20million%20years%20ago.%20The%20first%20specimen%20was%20discovered%20in%201867%20near%20Fort%20Wallace%2C%20Kansas%2C%20US%2C%20and%20was%20sent%20to%20the%20American%20paleontologist%20Edward%20Drinker%20Cope%2C%20who%20named%20it%20E.%20platyurus%20in%201868.%20The%20generic%20name%20means%20%26quot%3Bthin-plate%20reptile%26quot%3B%2C%20and%20the%20specific%20name%20means%20%26quot%3Bflat-tailed%26quot%3B.%20Cope%20originally%20reconstructed%20the%20skeleton%20of%20Elasmosaurus%20with%20the%20skull%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20tail%2C%20an%20error%20which%20was%20made%20light%20of%20by%20the%20paleontologist%20Othniel%20Charles%20Marsh%2C%20and%20became%20part%20of%20their%20%26quot%3BBone%20Wars%26quot%3B%20rivalry.%20Only%20one%20incomplete%20Elasmosaurus%20skeleton%20is%20definitely%20known%2C%20consisting%20of%20a%20fragmentary%20skull%2C%20the%20spine%2C%20and%20now%20lost%20pectoral%20and%20pelvic%20girdles%2C%20and%20a%20single%20species%20is%20recognized%20today%3B%20other%20species%20are%20now%20considered%20invalid%20or%20have%20been%20moved%20to%20other%20genera.%20A%20fragmentary%20specimen%20from%20Germany%20may%20belong%20to%20this%20genus.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%202Mycena%20haematopus%2C%20commonly%20known%20as%20the%20bleeding%20fairy%20helmet%2C%20the%20burgundydrop%20bonnet%2C%20or%20the%20bleeding%20Mycena%2C%20is%20a%20species%20of%20fungus%20in%20the%20family%20Mycenaceae%2C%20of%20the%20order%20Agaricales.%20First%20described%20scientifically%20in%201799%2C%20it%20is%20classified%20in%20the%20section%20Lactipedes%20of%20the%20genus%20Mycena%2C%20along%20with%20other%20species%20that%20produce%20a%20milky%20or%20colored%20latex.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%203%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20skull%20with%20holotype%20elements%20shown%20in%20whiteDuriavenator%20is%20a%20genus%20of%20theropod%20dinosaur%20that%20lived%20in%20what%20is%20now%20England%20during%20the%20Middle%20Jurassic%2C%20about%20168%20million%20years%20ago.%20In%201882%2C%20upper%20and%20lower%20jaw%20bones%20of%20a%20dinosaur%20were%20collected%20near%20Sherborne%20in%20Dorset%2C%20and%20Richard%20Owen%20considered%20the%20fossils%20to%20belong%20to%20the%20species%20Megalosaurus%20bucklandii%2C%20the%20first%20named%20non-bird%20dinosaur.%20By%201964%2C%20the%20specimen%20was%20recognised%20as%20belonging%20to%20a%20different%20species%2C%20and%20in%201974%20it%20was%20described%20as%20a%20new%20species%20of%20Megalosaurus%2C%20M.%20hesperis%3B%20the%20specific%20name%20%20means%20%26apos%3Bthe%20West%26apos%3B%20or%20%26apos%3Bwestern%26apos%3B.%20Later%20researchers%20questioned%20whether%20the%20species%20belonged%20to%20Megalosaurus%2C%20in%20which%20many%20fragmentary%20theropods%20from%20around%20the%20world%20had%20historically%20been%20placed.%20After%20examining%20the%20taxonomic%20issues%20surrounding%20Megalosaurus%2C%20Roger%20B.%20J.%20Benson%20moved%20M.%20hesperis%20to%20its%20own%20genus%20in%202008%2C%20Duriavenator%3B%20this%20name%20means%20%26quot%3BDorset%20hunter%26quot%3B.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20inherit%20traits%20by%20way%20of%20discrete%20%26quot%3Bunits%20of%20inheritance%26quot%3B.%20This%20term%2C%20still%20used%20today%2C%20is%20a%20somewhat%20ambiguous%20definition%20of%20what%20is%20referred%20to%20as%20a%20gene.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%204Genetics%20is%20the%20study%20of%20genes%2C%20genetic%20variation%2C%20and%20heredity%20in%20organisms.%20It%20is%20an%20important%20branch%20in%20biology%20because%20heredity%20is%20vital%20to%20organisms%26apos%3B%20evolution.%20Gregor%20Mendel%2C%20a%20Moravian%20Augustinian%20friar%20working%20in%20the%2019th%20century%20in%20Brno%2C%20was%20the%20first%20to%20study%20genetics%20scientifically.%20Mendel%20studied%20%26quot%3Btrait%20inheritance%26quot%3B%2C%20patterns%20in%20the%20way%20traits%20are%20handed%20down%20from%20parents%20to%20offspring%20over%20time.%20He%20observed%20that%20organisms%20(pea%20plants)%20inherit%20traits%20by%20way%20of%20discrete%20%26quot%3Bunits%20of%20inheritance%26quot%3B.%20This%20term%2C%20still%20used%20today%2C%20is%20a%20somewhat%20ambiguous%20definition%20of%20what%20is%20referred%20to%20as%20a%20gene.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. (Full article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%205%20Slab%20and%20counterslab%20of%20the%20holotype%20skull%3B%20A%20shows%20the%20main%20slab%20under%20ultraviolet%20light%2C%20B%20shows%20the%20acid-prepared%20counterslabEuropejara%20is%20a%20genus%20of%20tapejarid%20pterosaur%20that%20lived%20during%20the%20Barremian%20age%20of%20the%20Early%20Cretaceous%20epoch%20in%20what%20is%20now%20Spain.%20The%20only%20known%20specimen%20was%20found%20at%20the%20Las%20Hoyas%20site%20of%20Cuenca%2C%20a%20location%20noted%20for%20its%20exceptional%20Konservat-Lagerst%C3%A4tte%20preservation.%20In%202012%2C%20the%20new%20genus%20and%20species%20Europejara%20olcadesorum%20was%20named%20based%20on%20it.%20The%20generic%20name%20refers%20to%20Europe%2C%20where%20it%20was%20found%2C%20and%20to%20the%20related%20genus%20Tapejara%20from%20what%20is%20now%20Brazil%2C%20while%20the%20specific%20name%20refers%20to%20the%20Olcades%2C%20an%20ancient%20people%20that%20lived%20in%20the%20region.%20The%20holotype%20specimen%20consists%20of%20an%20incomplete%2C%20crushed%20skull%3B%20the%20bones%20of%20the%20postorbital%20region%20are%20displaced%20while%20the%20mandible%20is%20almost%20complete.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%2C%20otherwise%20known%20as%20its%20conjugate%20base%2C%20%CE%B2-hydroxy%20%CE%B2-methylbutyrate%2C%20is%20a%20naturally%20produced%20substance%20in%20humans%20that%20is%20used%20as%20a%20dietary%20supplement%20and%20as%20an%20ingredient%20in%20certain%20medical%20foods%20that%20are%20intended%20to%20promote%20wound%20healing%20and%20provide%20nutritional%20support%20for%20people%20with%20muscle%20wasting%20due%20to%20cancer%20or%20HIV%2FAIDS.%20In%20healthy%20adults%2C%20supplementation%20with%20HMB%20has%20been%20shown%20to%20increase%20exercise-induced%20gains%20in%20muscle%20size%2C%20muscle%20strength%2C%20and%20lean%20body%20mass%2C%20reduce%20skeletal%20muscle%20damage%20from%20exercise%2C%20improve%20aerobic%20exercise%20performance%2C%20and%20expedite%20recovery%20from%20exercise%3B%20in%20trained%20and%20competitive%20athletes%2C%20evidence%20is%20mixed%20on%20whether%20it%20meaningfully%20augments%20resistance%20training%E2%80%93induced%20gains%20in%20lean%20mass%20and%20strength.%20Medical%20reviews%20and%20meta-analyses%20indicate%20that%20HMB%20supplementation%20also%20helps%20to%20preserve%20or%20increase%20lean%20body%20mass%20and%20muscle%20strength%20in%20individuals%20experiencing%20age-related%20muscle%20loss.%20HMB%20produces%20these%20effects%20in%20part%20by%20stimulating%20the%20production%20of%20proteins%20and%20inhibiting%20the%20breakdown%20of%20proteins%20in%20muscle%20tissue.%20No%20adverse%20effects%20from%20long-term%20use%20as%20a%20dietary%20supplement%20in%20adults%20have%20been%20found.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%206%CE%B2-Hydroxy%20%CE%B2-methylbutyric%20acid%20(HMB)%2C%20otherwise%20known%20as%20its%20conjugate%20base%2C%20%CE%B2-hydroxy%20%CE%B2-methylbutyrate%2C%20is%20a%20naturally%20produced%20substance%20in%20humans%20that%20is%20used%20as%20a%20dietary%20supplement%20and%20as%20an%20ingredient%20in%20certain%20medical%20foods%20that%20are%20intended%20to%20promote%20wound%20healing%20and%20provide%20nutritional%20support%20for%20people%20with%20muscle%20wasting%20due%20to%20cancer%20or%20HIV%2FAIDS.%20In%20healthy%20adults%2C%20supplementation%20with%20HMB%20has%20been%20shown%20to%20increase%20exercise-induced%20gains%20in%20muscle%20size%2C%20muscle%20strength%2C%20and%20lean%20body%20mass%2C%20reduce%20skeletal%20muscle%20damage%20from%20exercise%2C%20improve%20aerobic%20exercise%20performance%2C%20and%20expedite%20recovery%20from%20exercise%3B%20in%20trained%20and%20competitive%20athletes%2C%20evidence%20is%20mixed%20on%20whether%20it%20meaningfully%20augments%20resistance%20training%E2%80%93induced%20gains%20in%20lean%20mass%20and%20strength.%20Medical%20reviews%20and%20meta-analyses%20indicate%20that%20HMB%20supplementation%20also%20helps%20to%20preserve%20or%20increase%20lean%20body%20mass%20and%20muscle%20strength%20in%20individuals%20experiencing%20age-related%20muscle%20loss.%20HMB%20produces%20these%20effects%20in%20part%20by%20stimulating%20the%20production%20of%20proteins%20and%20inhibiting%20the%20breakdown%20of%20proteins%20in%20muscle%20tissue.%20No%20adverse%20effects%20from%20long-term%20use%20as%20a%20dietary%20supplement%20in%20adults%20have%20been%20found.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20is%20a%20large%20passerine%20bird%20native%20to%20southern%20Australia%2C%20including%20Tasmania.%20One%20of%20three%20currawong%20species%20in%20the%20genus%20Strepera%2C%20it%20is%20closely%20related%20to%20the%20butcherbirds%20and%20Australian%20magpie%20of%20the%20family%20Artamidae.%20It%20is%20a%20large%20crow-like%20bird%2C%20around%2048%20cm%20(19%20in)%20long%20on%20average%3B%20with%20yellow%20irises%2C%20a%20heavy%20bill%2C%20dark%20plumage%20with%20white%20undertail%20and%20wing%20patches.%20The%20male%20and%20female%20are%20similar%20in%20appearance.%20Six%20subspecies%20are%20recognised%20and%20are%20distinguished%20by%20overall%20plumage%20colour%2C%20which%20ranges%20from%20slate-grey%20for%20the%20nominate%20from%20New%20South%20Wales%20and%20eastern%20Victoria%20and%20subspecies%20plumbea%20from%20Western%20Australia%2C%20to%20sooty%20black%20for%20the%20clinking%20currawong%20of%20Tasmania%20and%20subspecies%20halmaturina%20from%20Kangaroo%20Island.%20All%20grey%20currawongs%20have%20a%20loud%20distinctive%20ringing%20or%20clinking%20call.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%207%20At%20Perup%2C%20Western%20AustraliaThe%20grey%20currawong%20(Strepera%20versicolor)%20is%20a%20large%20passerine%20bird%20native%20to%20southern%20Australia%2C%20including%20Tasmania.%20One%20of%20three%20currawong%20species%20in%20the%20genus%20Strepera%2C%20it%20is%20closely%20related%20to%20the%20butcherbirds%20and%20Australian%20magpie%20of%20the%20family%20Artamidae.%20It%20is%20a%20large%20crow-like%20bird%2C%20around%2048%20cm%20(19%20in)%20long%20on%20average%3B%20with%20yellow%20irises%2C%20a%20heavy%20bill%2C%20dark%20plumage%20with%20white%20undertail%20and%20wing%20patches.%20The%20male%20and%20female%20are%20similar%20in%20appearance.%20Six%20subspecies%20are%20recognised%20and%20are%20distinguished%20by%20overall%20plumage%20colour%2C%20which%20ranges%20from%20slate-grey%20for%20the%20nominate%20from%20New%20South%20Wales%20and%20eastern%20Victoria%20and%20subspecies%20plumbea%20from%20Western%20Australia%2C%20to%20sooty%20black%20for%20the%20clinking%20currawong%20of%20Tasmania%20and%20subspecies%20halmaturina%20from%20Kangaroo%20Island.%20All%20grey%20currawongs%20have%20a%20loud%20distinctive%20ringing%20or%20clinking%20call.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20recommends%20fluoride%20levels%20of%200.5%E2%80%931.5%20mg%2FL%2C%20depending%20on%20climate%20and%20other%20factors.%20In%20the%20U.S.%2C%20the%20recommended%20level%20has%20been%200.7%20mg%2FL%20since%202015%2C%20lowered%20from%201.2%20mg%2FL.%20Bottled%20water%20often%20has%20unknown%20fluoride%20levels.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%208Fluoridation%20does%20not%20affect%20the%20appearance%2C%20taste%20or%20smell%20of%20drinking%20water.Water%20fluoridation%20is%20the%20controlled%20addition%20of%20fluoride%20to%20public%20water%20supplies%20to%20reduce%20tooth%20decay.%20Fluoridated%20water%20maintains%20fluoride%20levels%20effective%20for%20cavity%20prevention%2C%20achieved%20naturally%20or%20through%20supplementation.%20In%20the%20mouth%2C%20fluoride%20slows%20tooth%20enamel%20demineralization%20and%20enhances%20remineralization%20in%20early-stage%20cavities.%20Defluoridation%20is%20necessary%20when%20natural%20fluoride%20exceeds%20recommended%20limits.%20The%20World%20Health%20Organization%20(WHO)%20recommends%20fluoride%20levels%20of%200.5%E2%80%931.5%20mg%2FL%2C%20depending%20on%20climate%20and%20other%20factors.%20In%20the%20U.S.%2C%20the%20recommended%20level%20has%20been%200.7%20mg%2FL%20since%202015%2C%20lowered%20from%201.2%20mg%2FL.%20Bottled%20water%20often%20has%20unknown%20fluoride%20levels.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EClear%20water%20pours%20from%20a%20spout%20into%20a%20drinking%20glass.%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20among%20a%20herd%20in%20the%20Ngorongoro%20Crater%20in%20TanzaniaZebras%20(US%3A%20%2F%CB%88zi%CB%90br%C9%99z%2F%2C%20UK%3A%20%2F%CB%88z%C9%9Bbr%C9%99z%2C%20%CB%88zi%CB%90-%2F)%20(subgenus%20Hippotigris)%20are%20African%20equines%20with%20distinctive%20black-and-white%20striped%20coats.%20There%20are%20three%20living%20species%3A%20Gr%C3%A9vy%26apos%3Bs%20zebra%20(Equus%20grevyi)%2C%20the%20plains%20zebra%20(E.%20quagga)%2C%20and%20the%20mountain%20zebra%20(E.%20zebra).%20Zebras%20share%20the%20genus%20Equus%20with%20horses%20and%20asses%2C%20the%20three%20groups%20being%20the%20only%20living%20members%20of%20the%20family%20Equidae.%20Zebra%20stripes%20come%20in%20different%20patterns%2C%20unique%20to%20each%20individual.%20Several%20theories%20have%20been%20proposed%20for%20the%20function%20of%20these%20patterns%2C%20with%20most%20evidence%20supporting%20them%20as%20a%20deterrent%20for%20biting%20flies.%20Zebras%20inhabit%20eastern%20and%20southern%20Africa%20and%20can%20be%20found%20in%20a%20variety%20of%20habitats%20such%20as%20savannahs%2C%20grasslands%2C%20woodlands%2C%20shrublands%2C%20and%20mountainous%20areas.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%209%20A%20plains%20zebra%20(Equus%20quagga)%20among%20a%20herd%20in%20the%20Ngorongoro%20Crater%20in%20TanzaniaZebras%20(US%3A%20%2F%CB%88zi%CB%90br%C9%99z%2F%2C%20UK%3A%20%2F%CB%88z%C9%9Bbr%C9%99z%2C%20%CB%88zi%CB%90-%2F)%20(subgenus%20Hippotigris)%20are%20African%20equines%20with%20distinctive%20black-and-white%20striped%20coats.%20There%20are%20three%20living%20species%3A%20Gr%C3%A9vy%26apos%3Bs%20zebra%20(Equus%20grevyi)%2C%20the%20plains%20zebra%20(E.%20quagga)%2C%20and%20the%20mountain%20zebra%20(E.%20zebra).%20Zebras%20share%20the%20genus%20Equus%20with%20horses%20and%20asses%2C%20the%20three%20groups%20being%20the%20only%20living%20members%20of%20the%20family%20Equidae.%20Zebra%20stripes%20come%20in%20different%20patterns%2C%20unique%20to%20each%20individual.%20Several%20theories%20have%20been%20proposed%20for%20the%20function%20of%20these%20patterns%2C%20with%20most%20evidence%20supporting%20them%20as%20a%20deterrent%20for%20biting%20flies.%20Zebras%20inhabit%20eastern%20and%20southern%20Africa%20and%20can%20be%20found%20in%20a%20variety%20of%20habitats%20such%20as%20savannahs%2C%20grasslands%2C%20woodlands%2C%20shrublands%2C%20and%20mountainous%20areas.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20was%20the%20third%20human%20spaceflight%20in%20NASA%26apos%3Bs%20Apollo%20program%2C%20which%20successfully%20tested%20systems%20and%20procedures%20critical%20to%20landing%20on%20the%20Moon.%20The%20three-man%20crew%20consisted%20of%20Commander%20James%20McDivitt%2C%20Command%20Module%20Pilot%20David%20Scott%2C%20and%20Lunar%20Module%20Pilot%20Rusty%20Schweickart.%20Flown%20in%20low%20Earth%20orbit%2C%20it%20was%20the%20second%20crewed%20Apollo%20mission%20that%20the%20United%20States%20launched%20via%20a%20Saturn%20V%20rocket%2C%20and%20was%20the%20first%20flight%20of%20the%20full%20Apollo%20spacecraft%3A%20the%20command%20and%20service%20module%20(CSM)%20with%20the%20Lunar%20Module%20(LM).%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2010%20CM%20pilot%20David%20Scott%20performs%20a%20stand-up%20EVAfrom%20CM%20Gumdrop%2C%20seen%20from%20docked%20LM%20SpiderApollo%209%20(March%203%E2%80%9313%2C%201969)%20was%20the%20third%20human%20spaceflight%20in%20NASA%26apos%3Bs%20Apollo%20program%2C%20which%20successfully%20tested%20systems%20and%20procedures%20critical%20to%20landing%20on%20the%20Moon.%20The%20three-man%20crew%20consisted%20of%20Commander%20James%20McDivitt%2C%20Command%20Module%20Pilot%20David%20Scott%2C%20and%20Lunar%20Module%20Pilot%20Rusty%20Schweickart.%20Flown%20in%20low%20Earth%20orbit%2C%20it%20was%20the%20second%20crewed%20Apollo%20mission%20that%20the%20United%20States%20launched%20via%20a%20Saturn%20V%20rocket%2C%20and%20was%20the%20first%20flight%20of%20the%20full%20Apollo%20spacecraft%3A%20the%20command%20and%20service%20module%20(CSM)%20with%20the%20Lunar%20Module%20(LM).%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20was%20a%20Canadian%20medical%20doctor%2C%20university%20professor%2C%20and%20medical%20researcher.%20Born%20in%20Claude%2C%20Ontario%2C%20he%20attended%20and%20taught%20at%20the%20University%20of%20Toronto%20for%20most%20of%20his%20life%2C%20and%20was%20trained%20and%20employed%20at%20Toronto%20General%20Hospital.%20With%20co-researcher%20Arthur%20Squires%2C%20Farquharson%20was%20responsible%20for%20the%20discovery%20of%20the%20Farquharson%20phenomenon%2C%20an%20important%20principle%20of%20endocrinology%2C%20which%20is%20that%20administering%20external%20hormones%20suppresses%20the%20natural%20production%20of%20that%20hormone.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2011Ray%20Fletcher%20Farquharson%20MBE%20(4%20August%201897%20%E2%80%93%201%20June%201965)%20was%20a%20Canadian%20medical%20doctor%2C%20university%20professor%2C%20and%20medical%20researcher.%20Born%20in%20Claude%2C%20Ontario%2C%20he%20attended%20and%20taught%20at%20the%20University%20of%20Toronto%20for%20most%20of%20his%20life%2C%20and%20was%20trained%20and%20employed%20at%20Toronto%20General%20Hospital.%20With%20co-researcher%20Arthur%20Squires%2C%20Farquharson%20was%20responsible%20for%20the%20discovery%20of%20the%20Farquharson%20phenomenon%2C%20an%20important%20principle%20of%20endocrinology%2C%20which%20is%20that%20administering%20external%20hormones%20suppresses%20the%20natural%20production%20of%20that%20hormone.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Ray Fletcher Farquharson MBE (4 August 1897 – 1 June 1965) was a Canadian medical doctor, university professor, and medical researcher. Born in Claude, Ontario, he attended and taught at the University of Toronto for most of his life, and was trained and employed at Toronto General Hospital. With co-researcher Arthur Squires, Farquharson was responsible for the discovery of the Farquharson phenomenon, an important principle of endocrinology, which is that administering external hormones suppresses the natural production of that hormone. (Full article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2012Epistemology%20is%20the%20branch%20of%20philosophy%20that%20examines%20the%20nature%2C%20origin%2C%20and%20limits%20of%20knowledge.%20Also%20called%20the%20theory%20of%20knowledge%2C%20it%20explores%20different%20types%20of%20knowledge%2C%20such%20as%20propositional%20knowledge%20about%20facts%2C%20practical%20knowledge%20in%20the%20form%20of%20skills%2C%20and%20knowledge%20by%20acquaintance%20as%20a%20familiarity%20through%20experience.%20Epistemologists%20study%20the%20concepts%20of%20belief%2C%20truth%2C%20and%20justification%20to%20understand%20the%20nature%20of%20knowledge.%20To%20discover%20how%20knowledge%20arises%2C%20they%20investigate%20sources%20of%20justification%2C%20such%20as%20perception%2C%20introspection%2C%20memory%2C%20reason%2C%20and%20testimony.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called the theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience. Epistemologists study the concepts of belief, truth, and justification to understand the nature of knowledge. To discover how knowledge arises, they investigate sources of justification, such as perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony. (Full article...)%20was%20a%20street%20name%20found%20in%20English%20towns%20and%20cities%20during%20the%20Middle%20Ages%2C%20believed%20to%20be%20a%20reference%20to%20the%20prostitution%20centred%20on%20those%20areas%3B%20it%20was%20normal%20practice%20for%20a%20medieval%20street%20name%20to%20reflect%20the%20street%26apos%3Bs%20function%20or%20the%20economic%20activity%20taking%20place%20within%20it.%20%20Gropecunt%2C%20the%20earliest%20known%20use%20of%20which%20is%20in%20about%201230%2C%20appears%20to%20have%20been%20derived%20as%20a%20compound%20of%20the%20words%20grope%20and%20cunt.%20%20Streets%20with%20that%20name%20were%20often%20in%20the%20busiest%20parts%20of%20medieval%20towns%20and%20cities%2C%20and%20at%20least%20one%20appears%20to%20have%20been%20an%20important%20thoroughfare.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2013Magpie%20Lane%20in%20Oxford%2C%20once%20known%20as%20Gropecunt%20LaneGropecunt%20Lane%20(%2F%CB%88%C9%A1ro%CA%8Apk%CA%8Cnt%2F)%20was%20a%20street%20name%20found%20in%20English%20towns%20and%20cities%20during%20the%20Middle%20Ages%2C%20believed%20to%20be%20a%20reference%20to%20the%20prostitution%20centred%20on%20those%20areas%3B%20it%20was%20normal%20practice%20for%20a%20medieval%20street%20name%20to%20reflect%20the%20street%26apos%3Bs%20function%20or%20the%20economic%20activity%20taking%20place%20within%20it.%20%20Gropecunt%2C%20the%20earliest%20known%20use%20of%20which%20is%20in%20about%201230%2C%20appears%20to%20have%20been%20derived%20as%20a%20compound%20of%20the%20words%20grope%20and%20cunt.%20%20Streets%20with%20that%20name%20were%20often%20in%20the%20busiest%20parts%20of%20medieval%20towns%20and%20cities%2C%20and%20at%20least%20one%20appears%20to%20have%20been%20an%20important%20thoroughfare.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%2C%20consisting%20of%20two%20individual%20specimens%20from%20the%20Trossingen%20Formation%2C%20museum%20of%20the%20Institute%20for%20Geosciences%20(GPIT)%20of%20the%20Eberhard-Karls-University%20T%C3%BCbingen%2C%20GermanyPlateosaurus%20(probably%20meaning%20%26quot%3Bbroad%20lizard%26quot%3B%2C%20often%20mistranslated%20as%20%26quot%3Bflat%20lizard%26quot%3B)%20is%20a%20genus%20of%20plateosaurid%20dinosaur%20that%20lived%20during%20the%20Late%20Triassic%20epoch%20of%20the%20Triassic%20period%2C%20around%20214%20to%20204%20million%20years%20ago%2C%20in%20what%20is%20now%20Central%20and%20Northern%20Europe.%20Plateosaurus%20is%20a%20basal%20(early)%20sauropodomorph%20dinosaur%2C%20a%20so-called%20%26quot%3Bprosauropod%26quot%3B.%20The%20type%20species%20is%20Plateosaurus%20trossingensis%3B%20before%202019%2C%20that%20honor%20was%20given%20to%20Plateosaurus%20engelhardti%2C%20but%20it%20was%20ruled%20as%20undiagnostic%20(i.e.%20indistinguishable%20from%20other%20dinosaurs)%20by%20the%20ICZN.%20Currently%2C%20there%20are%20three%20valid%20species%3B%20in%20addition%20to%20P.%20trossingensis%2C%20P.%20longiceps%20and%20P.%20gracilis%20are%20also%20known.%20However%2C%20others%20have%20been%20assigned%20in%20the%20past%2C%20and%20there%20is%20no%20broad%20consensus%20on%20the%20species%20taxonomy%20of%20plateosaurid%20dinosaurs.%20Similarly%2C%20there%20are%20a%20plethora%20of%20synonyms%20(invalid%20duplicate%20names)%20at%20the%20genus%20level.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2014%20Mounted%20skeleton%20of%20P.%20trossingensis%20(GPIT%20%26quot%3BSkelett%202%26quot%3B)%2C%20consisting%20of%20two%20individual%20specimens%20from%20the%20Trossingen%20Formation%2C%20museum%20of%20the%20Institute%20for%20Geosciences%20(GPIT)%20of%20the%20Eberhard-Karls-University%20T%C3%BCbingen%2C%20GermanyPlateosaurus%20(probably%20meaning%20%26quot%3Bbroad%20lizard%26quot%3B%2C%20often%20mistranslated%20as%20%26quot%3Bflat%20lizard%26quot%3B)%20is%20a%20genus%20of%20plateosaurid%20dinosaur%20that%20lived%20during%20the%20Late%20Triassic%20epoch%20of%20the%20Triassic%20period%2C%20around%20214%20to%20204%20million%20years%20ago%2C%20in%20what%20is%20now%20Central%20and%20Northern%20Europe.%20Plateosaurus%20is%20a%20basal%20(early)%20sauropodomorph%20dinosaur%2C%20a%20so-called%20%26quot%3Bprosauropod%26quot%3B.%20The%20type%20species%20is%20Plateosaurus%20trossingensis%3B%20before%202019%2C%20that%20honor%20was%20given%20to%20Plateosaurus%20engelhardti%2C%20but%20it%20was%20ruled%20as%20undiagnostic%20(i.e.%20indistinguishable%20from%20other%20dinosaurs)%20by%20the%20ICZN.%20Currently%2C%20there%20are%20three%20valid%20species%3B%20in%20addition%20to%20P.%20trossingensis%2C%20P.%20longiceps%20and%20P.%20gracilis%20are%20also%20known.%20However%2C%20others%20have%20been%20assigned%20in%20the%20past%2C%20and%20there%20is%20no%20broad%20consensus%20on%20the%20species%20taxonomy%20of%20plateosaurid%20dinosaurs.%20Similarly%2C%20there%20are%20a%20plethora%20of%20synonyms%20(invalid%20duplicate%20names)%20at%20the%20genus%20level.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%2C%20also%20known%20as%20the%20steinbock%2C%20is%20a%20European%20species%20of%20goat%20which%20lives%20in%20the%20Alps.%20It%20is%20one%20of%20ten%20species%20in%20the%20genus%20Capra%2C%20and%20its%20closest%20living%20relative%20is%20the%20Iberian%20ibex.%20The%20Alpine%20ibex%20is%20a%20sexually%20dimorphic%20species%3B%20males%20are%20much%20larger%20and%20carry%20much%20larger%2C%20longer%20horns%20than%20females.%20Its%20coat%20is%20brownish-grey.%20Alpine%20ibexes%20tend%20to%20live%20in%20steep%2C%20rough%20terrain%20and%20open%20alpine%20meadows.%20They%20can%20be%20found%20at%20elevations%20as%20high%20as%203%2C300%20m%20(10%2C800%20ft)%20and%20their%20sharp%20hooves%20allow%20them%20to%20scale%20the%20steep%20slopes%20and%20cliffs%20of%20their%20mountainous%20habitat.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2015%20MaleThe%20Alpine%20ibex%20(Capra%20ibex)%2C%20also%20known%20as%20the%20steinbock%2C%20is%20a%20European%20species%20of%20goat%20which%20lives%20in%20the%20Alps.%20It%20is%20one%20of%20ten%20species%20in%20the%20genus%20Capra%2C%20and%20its%20closest%20living%20relative%20is%20the%20Iberian%20ibex.%20The%20Alpine%20ibex%20is%20a%20sexually%20dimorphic%20species%3B%20males%20are%20much%20larger%20and%20carry%20much%20larger%2C%20longer%20horns%20than%20females.%20Its%20coat%20is%20brownish-grey.%20Alpine%20ibexes%20tend%20to%20live%20in%20steep%2C%20rough%20terrain%20and%20open%20alpine%20meadows.%20They%20can%20be%20found%20at%20elevations%20as%20high%20as%203%2C300%20m%20(10%2C800%20ft)%20and%20their%20sharp%20hooves%20allow%20them%20to%20scale%20the%20steep%20slopes%20and%20cliffs%20of%20their%20mountainous%20habitat.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%201Fast%20breeder%20reactor%2C%20by%20Graevemoore%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Fast breeder reactor, by Graevemoore (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%202A%20patient%20being%20treated%20for%20COVID-19%2C%20by%20Gustavo%20Basso%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
A patient being treated for COVID-19, by Gustavo Basso (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%203Drop%20impact%20on%20a%20liquid%20surface%2C%20by%20Jos%C3%A9%20Manuel%20Su%C3%A1rez%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Drop impact on a liquid surface, by José Manuel Suárez (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%2C%20by%20Mario%20modesto%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%204Archaeologists%20prospecting%20Santa%20Ana%20Cave%20at%20Excavation%20(archaeology)%2C%20by%20Mario%20modesto%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Archaeologists prospecting Santa Ana Cave at Excavation (archaeology), by Mario modesto (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%205Australian%20Synchrotron%2C%20by%20John%20O%26apos%3BNeill%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Australian Synchrotron, by John O'Neill (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%206Activation%20energy%2C%20by%20Debivort%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Activation energy, by Debivort (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%207Light%20dispersion%2C%20by%20LucasVB%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Light dispersion, by LucasVB (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%208Toroid%20magnets%20of%20the%20ATLAS%20detector%2C%20by%20Maximilien%20Brice%2C%20CERN%20(edited%20by%20Bammesk)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%209Hypervelocity%20impact%20demonstration%2C%20by%20NASA%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Hypervelocity impact demonstration, by NASA (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2010Vibrating%20glass%20beam%20at%20Euler%E2%80%93Bernoulli%20beam%20theory%2C%20by%20Ben%20pcc%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Vibrating glass beam at Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, by Ben pcc (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2011Rusty%20chain%2C%20by%20WikipedianMarlith%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Rusty chain, by WikipedianMarlith (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2012Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Physics%20diploma%2C%20by%20Sofia%20Gisberg%20(restored%20by%20Jebulon)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Nobel Prize in Physics diploma, by Sofia Gisberg (restored by Jebulon) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2013Peruvian%20Andes%20at%20United%20States%20Exploring%20Expedition%2C%20by%20Alfred%20Thomas%20Agate%20(edited%20by%20Durova)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Peruvian Andes at United States Exploring Expedition, by Alfred Thomas Agate (edited by Durova) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2014Simulation%20of%20liquids%20with%20different%20viscosities%2C%20by%20Synapticrelay%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Simulation of liquids with different viscosities, by Synapticrelay (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2015Wind%20wave%2C%20by%20Alvesgaspar%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Wind wave, by Alvesgaspar (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2016Lorentz%20transformation%20of%20world%20line%2C%20by%20Cyp%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Lorentz transformation of world line, by Cyp (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2215%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2017Warming%20stripes%2C%20by%20Ed%20Hawkins%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Warming stripes, by Ed Hawkins (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2018Parallax%2C%20by%20Mila%20Zinkova%20(edited%20by%20Richard%20Bartz)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Parallax, by Mila Zinkova (edited by Richard Bartz) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Ice core, by the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2020Total%20internal%20reflection%2C%20by%20Jean-Marc%20Kuffer%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Total internal reflection, by Jean-Marc Kuffer (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2021K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n%20vortex%20street%2C%20by%20Cesareo%20de%20La%20Rosa%20Siqueira%20%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Kármán vortex street, by Cesareo de La Rosa Siqueira (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2022Global%20oceanic%20and%20terrestrial%20photoautotroph%20abundance%20at%20Primary%20production%2C%20by%20SeaWiFS%20Project%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance at Primary production, by SeaWiFS Project (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2023Diet%20Coke%20and%20Mentos%20eruption%2C%20by%20Mikemurphy%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Diet Coke and Mentos eruption, by Mikemurphy (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2024NASA%20study%20on%20wingtip%20vortices%20at%20Wake%20turbulence%2C%20by%20Langley%20Research%20Center%20(edited%20by%20Fir0002)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
NASA study on wingtip vortices at Wake turbulence, by Langley Research Center (edited by Fir0002) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2025Plasma%20globe%2C%20by%20Colin%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Plasma globe, by Colin (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2026Section%20of%20the%20Large%20Hadron%20Collider%2C%20by%20Maximilien%20Brice%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Section of the Large Hadron Collider, by Maximilien Brice (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2027Mechanical%20advantage%20device%2C%20by%20Prolineserver%20(edited%20by%20Tomia%2C%20Ss181292%20and%20Atropos235)%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Mechanical advantage device, by Prolineserver (edited by Tomia, Ss181292 and Atropos235) (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2028Dichroic%20prism%2C%20by%20XRay%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Dichroic prism, by XRay (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2029Thermite%20reaction%2C%20by%20Nikthestunned%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Thermite reaction, by Nikthestunned (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2030Color%20cathodoluminescence%20of%20a%20diamond%2C%20by%20Pavel.Somov%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Color cathodoluminescence of a diamond, by Pavel.Somov (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2031Animation%20of%20a%20water%20drop%2C%20by%20Chris%2073%20and%20Gmaxwell%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Animation of a water drop, by Chris 73 and Gmaxwell (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2032Projectile%20motion%20of%20a%20bouncing%20ball%20at%20Inelastic%20collision%2C%20by%20MichaelMaggs%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Projectile motion of a bouncing ball at Inelastic collision, by MichaelMaggs (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2033Holdridge%20life%20zones%2C%20by%20Peter%20Halasz%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Holdridge life zones, by Peter Halasz (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2034Operation%20Tumbler-Snapper%2C%20by%20Lawrence%20Livermore%20National%20Laboratory%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Operation Tumbler-Snapper, by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2035Refraction%20in%20raindrops%2C%20by%20Mila%20Zinkova%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Refraction in raindrops, by Mila Zinkova (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2036Oblique%20shock%2C%20by%20NASA%2FUnited%20States%20Air%20Force%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2037Archaeological%20excavation%20at%20Atapuerca%20Mountains%2C%20by%20Mario%20modesto%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Archaeological excavation at Atapuerca Mountains, by Mario modesto (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2038Translational%20motion%20at%20Thermodynamic%20temperature%2C%20by%20Greg%20L%20(from%20Wikipedia%3AFeatured%20pictures%2FSciences%2FOthers)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Translational motion at Thermodynamic temperature, by Greg L (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Vital articles to understand Science.
%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EScience%20things%20you%20can%20do%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EMany%20naturally%20occurring%20phenomena%20approximate%20a%20normal%20distribution.%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20is%20the%20capability%20of%20computational%20systems%20to%20perform%20tasks%20typically%20associated%20with%20human%20intelligence%2C%20such%20as%20learning%2C%20reasoning%2C%20problem-solving%2C%20perception%2C%20and%20decision-making.%20It%20is%20a%20field%20of%20research%20in%20engineering%2C%20mathematics%2C%20and%20computer%20science%20that%20develops%20and%20studies%20methods%20and%20software%20that%20enable%20machines%20to%20perceive%20their%20environment%20and%20use%20learning%20and%20intelligence%20to%20take%20actions%20that%20maximise%20their%20chances%20of%20achieving%20defined%20goals.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%201Artificial%20intelligence%20(AI)%20is%20the%20capability%20of%20computational%20systems%20to%20perform%20tasks%20typically%20associated%20with%20human%20intelligence%2C%20such%20as%20learning%2C%20reasoning%2C%20problem-solving%2C%20perception%2C%20and%20decision-making.%20It%20is%20a%20field%20of%20research%20in%20engineering%2C%20mathematics%2C%20and%20computer%20science%20that%20develops%20and%20studies%20methods%20and%20software%20that%20enable%20machines%20to%20perceive%20their%20environment%20and%20use%20learning%20and%20intelligence%20to%20take%20actions%20that%20maximise%20their%20chances%20of%20achieving%20defined%20goals.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of research in engineering, mathematics, and computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximise their chances of achieving defined goals. (Full article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%202%F0%9F%9C%A8%20and%20Earth%20is%20the%20third%20planet%20from%20the%20Sun%20and%20the%20only%20astronomical%20object%20known%20to%20harbor%20life.%20This%20is%20made%20possible%20by%20Earth%20being%20an%20ocean%20world%2C%20the%20only%20one%20in%20the%20Solar%20System%20sustaining%20liquid%20surface%20water.%20Almost%20all%20of%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20water%20is%20contained%20in%20its%20ocean%2C%20which%20covers%2070.8%25%20of%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20crust.%20The%20remaining%2029.2%25%20of%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20crust%20is%20land%2C%20which%20is%20predominantly%20located%20within%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20land%20hemisphere%20in%20the%20form%20of%20continental%20landmasses.%20Most%20of%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20land%20is%20at%20least%20somewhat%20humid%20and%20covered%20by%20vegetation%2C%20while%20large%20ice%20sheets%20at%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20polar%20deserts%20retain%20more%20water%20than%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20groundwater%2C%20lakes%2C%20rivers%2C%20and%20atmospheric%20water%20combined.%20Earth%26apos%3Bs%20crust%20consists%20of%20slowly%20moving%20tectonic%20plates%2C%20which%20interact%20to%20produce%20mountain%20ranges%2C%20volcanoes%2C%20and%20earthquakes.%20Earth%20has%20a%20liquid%20outer%20core%20that%20generates%20a%20magnetosphere%20capable%20of%20deflecting%20most%20of%20the%20destructive%20solar%20winds%20and%20cosmic%20radiation.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%2C%20known%20professionally%20as%20Alan%20Alda%20(%2F%CB%88%C9%91%CB%90ld%C9%99%2F)%2C%20is%20an%20American%20actor%20and%20filmmaker.%20In%20a%20career%20spanning%20seven%20decades%20on%20both%20stage%20and%20screen%2C%20he%20is%20best%20known%20for%20portraying%20Captain%20Benjamin%20Franklin%20%26quot%3BHawkeye%26quot%3B%20Pierce%20in%20the%20CBS%20wartime%20sitcom%20M*A*S*H%20(1972%E2%80%931983)%2C%20where%20he%20also%20wrote%20and%20directed%20numerous%20episodes%20of%20the%20series.%20Alda%20has%20received%20numerous%20accolades%2C%20including%20six%20Primetime%20Emmy%20Awards%20and%20six%20Golden%20Globe%20Awards%2C%20as%20well%20as%20nominations%20for%20an%20Academy%20Award%2C%20a%20Grammy%20Award%2C%20three%20Tony%20Awards%2C%20and%20two%20BAFTAs.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%203%20Alda%20in%202015Alphonso%20Joseph%20D%26apos%3BAbruzzo%20(born%20January%2028%2C%201936)%2C%20known%20professionally%20as%20Alan%20Alda%20(%2F%CB%88%C9%91%CB%90ld%C9%99%2F)%2C%20is%20an%20American%20actor%20and%20filmmaker.%20In%20a%20career%20spanning%20seven%20decades%20on%20both%20stage%20and%20screen%2C%20he%20is%20best%20known%20for%20portraying%20Captain%20Benjamin%20Franklin%20%26quot%3BHawkeye%26quot%3B%20Pierce%20in%20the%20CBS%20wartime%20sitcom%20M*A*S*H%20(1972%E2%80%931983)%2C%20where%20he%20also%20wrote%20and%20directed%20numerous%20episodes%20of%20the%20series.%20Alda%20has%20received%20numerous%20accolades%2C%20including%20six%20Primetime%20Emmy%20Awards%20and%20six%20Golden%20Globe%20Awards%2C%20as%20well%20as%20nominations%20for%20an%20Academy%20Award%2C%20a%20Grammy%20Award%2C%20three%20Tony%20Awards%2C%20and%20two%20BAFTAs.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%20from%20the%20penis%20through%20the%20urethra.%20It%20is%20the%20final%20stage%20and%20natural%20objective%20of%20male%20sexual%20stimulation%2C%20and%20an%20essential%20component%20of%20natural%20conception.%20After%20forming%20an%20erection%2C%20many%20men%20emit%20pre-ejaculatory%20fluid%20during%20stimulation%20prior%20to%20ejaculating.%20Ejaculation%20involves%20involuntary%20contractions%20of%20the%20pelvic%20floor%20and%20is%20normally%20linked%20with%20orgasm.%20It%20is%20a%20normal%20part%20of%20male%20human%20sexual%20development.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%204File%3AEjaculation%20educational%20seq%204.png%20A%20human%20male%20ejaculatingEjaculation%20is%20the%20discharge%20of%20semen%20(the%20ejaculate%3B%20normally%20containing%20sperm)%20from%20the%20penis%20through%20the%20urethra.%20It%20is%20the%20final%20stage%20and%20natural%20objective%20of%20male%20sexual%20stimulation%2C%20and%20an%20essential%20component%20of%20natural%20conception.%20After%20forming%20an%20erection%2C%20many%20men%20emit%20pre-ejaculatory%20fluid%20during%20stimulation%20prior%20to%20ejaculating.%20Ejaculation%20involves%20involuntary%20contractions%20of%20the%20pelvic%20floor%20and%20is%20normally%20linked%20with%20orgasm.%20It%20is%20a%20normal%20part%20of%20male%20human%20sexual%20development.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%205Science%20is%20a%20systematic%20discipline%20that%20builds%20and%20organises%20knowledge%20in%20the%20form%20of%20testable%20explanations%20about%20nature%20and%20society.%20It%20is%20driven%20by%20the%20scientific%20method%3A%20an%20empirical%20cycle%20that%20typically%20involves%20making%20observations%2C%20producing%20hypotheses%2C%20testing%20them%20with%20evidence%2C%20and%20drawing%20conclusions.%20Science%20encompasses%20this%20process%20and%20the%20body%20of%20knowledge%20it%20produces%2C%20which%20the%20scientific%20community%20continuously%20challenges%2C%20validates%2C%20and%20organises.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable explanations about nature and society. It is driven by the scientific method: an empirical cycle that typically involves making observations, producing hypotheses, testing them with evidence, and drawing conclusions. Science encompasses this process and the body of knowledge it produces, which the scientific community continuously challenges, validates, and organises. (Full article...)%20said%20that%20it%20served%20approximately%20400%2C000%20requests%20per%20day.%20In%20addition%20to%20its%20intensive%20use%2C%20Sci-Hub%20stands%20out%20among%20other%20shadow%20libraries%20because%20of%20its%20easy%20use%20and%20reliability%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20enormous%20size%20of%20its%20collection.%20A%202018%20study%20estimated%20that%20Sci-Hub%20provided%20access%20to%20almost%20all%20scholarly%20publications.%20On%2015%20July%202022%2C%20Sci-Hub%20reported%20that%20its%20collection%20comprised%2088%2C343%2C822%20files.%20In%20December%202020%2C%20the%20site%20paused%20uploads%20due%20to%20legal%20troubles.%20Since%20then%2C%20the%20site%20has%20archived%20a%20much%20lower%20fraction%20of%20new%20articles.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%206Sci-Hub%20is%20a%20shadow%20library%20that%20provides%20free%20access%20to%20millions%20of%20research%20papers%2C%20regardless%20of%20copyright%2C%20by%20bypassing%20publishers%26apos%3B%20paywalls%20in%20various%20ways.%20Unlike%20Library%20Genesis%2C%20it%20does%20not%20provide%20access%20to%20books.%20Sci-Hub%20was%20founded%20in%20Kazakhstan%20by%20Alexandra%20Elbakyan%20in%202011%2C%20in%20response%20to%20the%20rising%20costs%20of%20research%20papers%20behind%20paywalls.%20The%20site%20is%20extensively%20used%20worldwide.%20In%20September%202019%2C%20the%20site%26apos%3Bs%20operator(s)%20said%20that%20it%20served%20approximately%20400%2C000%20requests%20per%20day.%20In%20addition%20to%20its%20intensive%20use%2C%20Sci-Hub%20stands%20out%20among%20other%20shadow%20libraries%20because%20of%20its%20easy%20use%20and%20reliability%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20enormous%20size%20of%20its%20collection.%20A%202018%20study%20estimated%20that%20Sci-Hub%20provided%20access%20to%20almost%20all%20scholarly%20publications.%20On%2015%20July%202022%2C%20Sci-Hub%20reported%20that%20its%20collection%20comprised%2088%2C343%2C822%20files.%20In%20December%202020%2C%20the%20site%20paused%20uploads%20due%20to%20legal%20troubles.%20Since%20then%2C%20the%20site%20has%20archived%20a%20much%20lower%20fraction%20of%20new%20articles.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Sci-Hub is a shadow library that provides free access to millions of research papers, regardless of copyright, by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways. Unlike Library Genesis, it does not provide access to books. Sci-Hub was founded in Kazakhstan by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011, in response to the rising costs of research papers behind paywalls. The site is extensively used worldwide. In September 2019, the site's operator(s) said that it served approximately 400,000 requests per day.%20%26apos%3Barrangement%26apos%3B%20and%20%20-%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1%20(-nomia)%20%26apos%3Bmethod%26apos%3B)%20is%20the%20scientific%20study%20of%20naming%2C%20defining%20(circumscribing)%20and%20classifying%20groups%20of%20biological%20organisms%20based%20on%20shared%20characteristics.%20Modern%20approaches%20prioritize%20common%20ancestry%20and%20evolutionary%20relationships.%20Organisms%20are%20grouped%20into%20taxa%20(singular%3A%20taxon)%2C%20and%20these%20groups%20are%20given%20a%20taxonomic%20rank%3B%20groups%20of%20a%20given%20rank%20can%20be%20aggregated%20to%20form%20a%20more%20inclusive%20group%20of%20higher%20rank%2C%20thus%20creating%20a%20taxonomic%20hierarchy.%20The%20principal%20ranks%20in%20modern%20use%20are%20domain%2C%20kingdom%2C%20phylum%20(division%20is%20sometimes%20used%20in%20botany%20in%20place%20of%20phylum)%2C%20class%2C%20order%2C%20family%2C%20genus%2C%20and%20species.%20The%20Swedish%20botanist%20Carl%20Linnaeus%20is%20regarded%20as%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20current%20system%20of%20taxonomy%2C%20having%20developed%20a%20ranked%20system%20known%20as%20Linnaean%20taxonomy%20for%20categorizing%20organisms.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%207In%20biology%2C%20taxonomy%20(from%20Ancient%20Greek%20%20%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%82%20(taxis)%20%26apos%3Barrangement%26apos%3B%20and%20%20-%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1%20(-nomia)%20%26apos%3Bmethod%26apos%3B)%20is%20the%20scientific%20study%20of%20naming%2C%20defining%20(circumscribing)%20and%20classifying%20groups%20of%20biological%20organisms%20based%20on%20shared%20characteristics.%20Modern%20approaches%20prioritize%20common%20ancestry%20and%20evolutionary%20relationships.%20Organisms%20are%20grouped%20into%20taxa%20(singular%3A%20taxon)%2C%20and%20these%20groups%20are%20given%20a%20taxonomic%20rank%3B%20groups%20of%20a%20given%20rank%20can%20be%20aggregated%20to%20form%20a%20more%20inclusive%20group%20of%20higher%20rank%2C%20thus%20creating%20a%20taxonomic%20hierarchy.%20The%20principal%20ranks%20in%20modern%20use%20are%20domain%2C%20kingdom%2C%20phylum%20(division%20is%20sometimes%20used%20in%20botany%20in%20place%20of%20phylum)%2C%20class%2C%20order%2C%20family%2C%20genus%2C%20and%20species.%20The%20Swedish%20botanist%20Carl%20Linnaeus%20is%20regarded%20as%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20current%20system%20of%20taxonomy%2C%20having%20developed%20a%20ranked%20system%20known%20as%20Linnaean%20taxonomy%20for%20categorizing%20organisms.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
In biology, taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις (taxis) 'arrangement' and -νομία (-nomia) 'method') is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Modern approaches prioritize common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon), and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, having developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms. (Full article...)%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%208Natural%20science%20or%20empirical%20science%20is%20a%20branch%20of%20science%20concerned%20with%20the%20description%2C%20understanding%2C%20and%20prediction%20of%20natural%20phenomena%2C%20based%20on%20empirical%20evidence%20from%20observation%20and%20experimentation.%20Mechanisms%20such%20as%20peer%20review%20and%20reproducibility%20of%20findings%20are%20used%20to%20try%20to%20ensure%20the%20validity%20of%20scientific%20advances.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%209Physics%20is%20the%20scientific%20study%20of%20matter%2C%20its%20fundamental%20constituents%2C%20its%20motion%20and%20behavior%20through%20space%20and%20time%2C%20and%20the%20related%20entities%20of%20energy%20and%20force.%20It%20is%20one%20of%20the%20most%20fundamental%20scientific%20disciplines.%20A%20scientist%20who%20specializes%20in%20the%20field%20of%20physics%20is%20called%20a%20physicist.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22alt-text-clip%22%3E%3Crect%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url(%23alt-text-clip)%22%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22%2354595d%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%3EImage%2010Mickey%20Mouse%2C%20an%20anthropomorphic%20mouse%20and%20an%20American%20cartoon%20character%20co-created%20in%201928%20by%20Walt%20Disney%20and%20Ub%20Iwerks%2C%20showing%20typical%20elements%20of%20anthropomorphism%3A%20bipedalism%2C%20human-like%20hands%20with%20opposable%20thumbs%2C%20human%20facial%20expressions%2C%20and%20wearing%20clothing.Anthropomorphism%20is%20the%20ascribing%20of%20human%20personality%2C%20appearance%2C%20conduct%2C%20cognition%2C%20or%20other%20attributes%20to%20non-human%20entities%2C%20often%20including%20non-human%20animals.%20In%20fiction%20and%20folklore%2C%20it%20is%20specifically%20the%20endowing%20of%20non-human%20characters%20with%20human-like%20behaviors%2C%20speech%2C%20facial%20expressions%2C%20etc.%3B%20common%20examples%20include%20intelligent%20talking%20animals%2C%20talking%20trees%2C%20anthropomorphized%20food%2C%20and%20sentient%20toys.%20(Full%20article...)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
List of all portals
