tundo

Latin

Etymology

    From Proto-Italic *tundō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tunédti, nasal-infix present from the root *(s)tewd-,[1] from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Old Irish do·tuit (“to fall”), Dutch stoten, German stoßen, English stot, Albanian tund.

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    tundō (present infinitive tundere, perfect active tutudī or tūsī, supine tūnsum or tūssum or tūsum); third conjugation

    1. to beat; to strike; to buffet
    2. to pound; to bruise; to crush; to pulp; to bray (as in a mortar)
      • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 4.267:
        proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […]
        It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples […]
    3. to harangue; to assail; to keep on at

    Conjugation

    • The perfect is rare, and only found as tutudī in classical sources; however, tūserunt is also attested in a surviving fragment by Naevius (3rd c. BCE).
    • The supine is widely attested as tūnsum, tūssum and tūsum in classical sources.
       Conjugation of tundō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present tundō tundis tundit tundimus tunditis tundunt
    imperfect tundēbam tundēbās tundēbat tundēbāmus tundēbātis tundēbant
    future tundam tundēs tundet tundēmus tundētis tundent
    perfect tutudī,
    tūsī     		tutudistī,
    tūsistī     		tutudit,
    tūsit     		tutudimus,
    tūsimus     		tutudistis,
    tūsistis     		tutudērunt,
    tutudēre,
    tūsērunt,
    tūsēre
    pluperfect tutuderam,
    tūseram     		tutuderās,
    tūserās     		tutuderat,
    tūserat     		tutuderāmus,
    tūserāmus     		tutuderātis,
    tūserātis     		tutuderant,
    tūserant
    future perfect tutuderō,
    tūserō     		tutuderis,
    tūseris     		tutuderit,
    tūserit     		tutuderimus,
    tūserimus     		tutuderitis,
    tūseritis     		tutuderint,
    tūserint
    passive present tundor tunderis,
    tundere     		tunditur tundimur tundiminī tunduntur
    imperfect tundēbar tundēbāris,
    tundēbāre     		tundēbātur tundēbāmur tundēbāminī tundēbantur
    future tundar tundēris,
    tundēre     		tundētur tundēmur tundēminī tundentur
    perfect tūnsus or tūssus or tūsus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect tūnsus or tūssus or tūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect tūnsus or tūssus or tūsus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present tundam tundās tundat tundāmus tundātis tundant
    imperfect tunderem tunderēs tunderet tunderēmus tunderētis tunderent
    perfect tutuderim,
    tūserim     		tutuderīs,
    tūserīs     		tutuderit,
    tūserit     		tutuderīmus,
    tūserīmus     		tutuderītis,
    tūserītis     		tutuderint,
    tūserint
    pluperfect tutudissem,
    tūsissem     		tutudissēs,
    tūsissēs     		tutudisset,
    tūsisset     		tutudissēmus,
    tūsissēmus     		tutudissētis,
    tūsissētis     		tutudissent,
    tūsissent
    passive present tundar tundāris,
    tundāre     		tundātur tundāmur tundāminī tundantur
    imperfect tunderer tunderēris,
    tunderēre     		tunderētur tunderēmur tunderēminī tunderentur
    perfect tūnsus or tūssus or tūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect tūnsus or tūssus or tūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — tunde — — tundite —
    future — tunditō tunditō — tunditōte tunduntō
    passive present — tundere — — tundiminī —
    future — tunditor tunditor — — tunduntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present tundere tundī tundēns —
    future tūnsūrum esse,
    tūssūrum esse,
    tūsūrum esse     		tūnsum īrī,
    tūssum īrī,
    tūsum īrī     		tūnsūrus,
    tūssūrus,
    tūsūrus     		tundendus,
    tundundus
    perfect tutudisse,
    tūsisse     		tūnsum esse,
    tūssum esse,
    tūsum esse     		— tūnsus,
    tūssus,
    tūsus
    future perfect — tūnsum fore,
    tūssum fore,
    tūsum fore     		— —
    perfect potential tūnsūrum fuisse,
    tūssūrum fuisse,
    tūsūrum fuisse     		— — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    tundendī tundendō tundendum tundendō tūnsum,
    tūssum,
    tūsum     		tūnsū,
    tūssū,
    tūsū

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Italo-Romance:
      • Italian: tondere, tondire, tondare
    • Ibero-Romance:
    • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tōnsāre
      • Italo-Romance:
      • Ibero-Romance:

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

    Further reading

    Spanish

    Verb

    tundo

    1. first-person singular present indicative of tundir
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