spinal

See also: spinał and spínal

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spaɪ.nəl/, /spaɪ.nl̩/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪnəl

Adjective

spinal (not comparable)

1. (anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

   spinal injury

   1. Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.
   2. (zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.

Hypernyms

• neuraxial

Coordinate terms

• spondylo-
• vertebro-

Derived terms

• anospinal
• anterior spinal artery syndrome
• audiospinal
• bulbospinal
• cerebellospinal
• cerebrospinal
• cervicospinal
• ciliospinal
• coeruleospinal
• corticospinal
• craniospinal
• diencephalospinal
• dorsispinal
• dorsospinal
• encephalospinal
• enterospinal
• epispinal
• extraspinal
• hemispinal
• holospinal
• hypothalamospinal
• infraspinal
• interspinal
• intraspinal
• medullospinal, medullispinal
• meningospinal
• midspinal
• musculospinal
• neurospinal
• nonspinal
• oculospinal
• olivospinal
• opticospinal
• paraspinal
• perispinal
• postspinal
• prespinal
• propriospinal
• reticulospinal
• sacrospinal
• scapulospinal
• spinal artery
• spinal board
• spinal butterfly ray
• spinal canal
• spinal column
• spinal cord
• spinal disc herniation
• spinal fluid
• spinal ganglion
• spinalize, spinalise
• spinally
• spinal marrow
• spinal muscular atrophy
• spinal nerve
• spinal tap
• Spinal Tap-ian
• spinospinal
• subspinal
• supraspinal
• tectospinal
• thoracospinal
• transspinal
• trigeminospinal
• vesicospinal
• vestibulospinal

Translations

related to the spine

• Arabic: فِقْرِيّ (fiqriyy), فِقَرِيّ (fiqariyy)
• Armenian: ողնաշարի (oġnašari), ողնաշարային (hy) (oġnašarayin)
• Belarusian: спінны́ (spinný), хрыбе́тны (xrybjétny), пазвано́чны (pazvanóčny)
• Bulgarian: гръбначен (grăbnačen)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 脊的 (zh) (jǐ de)

• Czech: páteřní (cs), spinální
• Esperanto: spina (eo)
• Finnish: spinaalinen; selkäydin- (fi) (of spinal cord)
• French: spinal (fr)
• German: Rückgrat- (de), spinal (de)
• Greek: νωτιαίος (el) (notiaíos)
• Hungarian: gerinc-
• Indonesian: spinal
• Italian: spinale
• Macedonian: грбначен (grbnačen)
• Polish: kręgowy (pl)
• Portuguese: espinal (pt), espinhal (pt), vertebral (pt)
• Romanian: spinal (ro)
• Russian: спинно́й (ru) (spinnój), хребе́тный (ru) (xrebétnyj), позвоно́чный (ru) (pozvonóčnyj)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: кѝчменӣ

  Latin: kìčmenī (sh)

• Slovak: chrbticový (sk), chrbtový (sk), spinálny (sk)
• Slovene: hrbteničen
• Spanish: espinal (es), vertebral (es)
• Ukrainian: хребе́тний (xrebétnyj)

Noun

spinal (plural spinals)

1. (medicine, colloquial) A spinal anesthesia.

References

• “spinal”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “spinal”, in Merriam-Webster Online, Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1996–present.

Anagrams

• -splain, Aplins, Lipans, Pinals, Plains, lapins, plains, splain

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis, from Latin spīna.

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Adjective

spinal (feminine spinale, masculine plural spinaux, feminine plural spinales)

1. (anatomy) spinal

Further reading

• “spinal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis, from Latin spīna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃpiˈnaːl/, /spiˈnaːl/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective

spinal (strong nominative masculine singular spinaler, not comparable)

1. spinal

Declension

Positive forms of spinal (uncomparable)

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist spinal	sie ist spinal	es ist spinal	sie sind spinal
strong declension (without article)	nominative	spinaler	spinale	spinales	spinale
	genitive	spinalen	spinaler	spinalen	spinaler
	dative	spinalem	spinaler	spinalem	spinalen
	accusative	spinalen	spinale	spinales	spinale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der spinale	die spinale	das spinale	die spinalen
	genitive	des spinalen	der spinalen	des spinalen	der spinalen
	dative	dem spinalen	der spinalen	dem spinalen	den spinalen
	accusative	den spinalen	die spinale	das spinale	die spinalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein spinaler	eine spinale	ein spinales	(keine) spinalen
	genitive	eines spinalen	einer spinalen	eines spinalen	(keiner) spinalen
	dative	einem spinalen	einer spinalen	einem spinalen	(keinen) spinalen
	accusative	einen spinalen	eine spinale	ein spinales	(keine) spinalen

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch spinaal (“spinal”), from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈspinal/ [ˈspi.nal]
• Rhymes: -inal
• Syllabification: spi‧nal

Adjective

spinal (comparative lebih spinal, superlative paling spinal)

1. (anatomy) spinal

Derived terms

• anestesia spinal

Related terms

• spina

Further reading

• “spinal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

Adjective

spinal (not comparable)

1. spinal

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French spinal, Late Latin spīnālis, from Latin spīna. Doublet of the inherited spinare.

Adjective

spinal m or n (feminine singular spinală, masculine plural spinali, feminine/neuter plural spinale)

1. spinal

Declension

Declension of spinal

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	spinal		spinală	spinali	spinale
	definite	spinalul		spinala	spinalii	spinalele
genitive- dative	indefinite	spinal		spinale	spinali	spinale
	definite	spinalului		spinalei	spinalilor	spinalelor