merdeka

See also: Merdeka

English

Noun

merdeka (uncountable)

  1. Alternative letter-case form of Merdeka.
    • 1972, Benedict R[ichard] O’G[orman] Anderson, “The Buchō Cabinet and Its Audiences”, in Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946, Ithaca, N.Y.; London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 117:
      Animating these myriad proclamations of independence were the ideas of merdeka (freedom) and of the formless solidarity of the nation, not the controlling, organized authority of the center.
    • 2011 March, Mahathir Mohamad, “Vision 2020”, in A Doctor in the House: The Memoirs of Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: MPH Group Publishing, published April 2011, →ISBN, page 598:
      We had achieved Merdeka, our Independence, in political terms and Malaysia had established its sovereignty. As individuals and as a society we had to achieve complete mental and psychological merdeka too. We had to stand up on our own terms and affirm our character and values.

Indonesian

Etymology

    From Malay merdeka, from Sanskrit महर्द्धिक (maharddhika, “very prosperous”). Cognate of Javanese ꦩꦂꦢꦶꦏ (mardika), Buginese ᨆᨑᨙᨉᨀ (maradeka), Tagalog maharlika. Doublet of mahardika.

    Pronunciation

    • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /mərˈdeka/ [mərˈde.ka]
    • Rhymes: -eka
    • Syllabification: mer‧de‧ka

    Adjective

    mêrdéka (comparative lebih merdeka, superlative paling merdeka)

    1. free from oppression (e.g. slavery)
    2. (politics) free from colonialism, annexation, military occupation, etc.; liberated; independent
      Indonesia sudah dinyatakan merdeka sejak 17 Agustus 1945. ― Indonesia has been declared to be independent since 17 August 1945.
    3. (rare) free from an obligation, especially a prison sentence
    4. (rare) self-sufficient; independent; not dependent on others

    Derived terms

    • kemerdekaan
    • memerdekakan
    • pemerdeka
    • pemerdekaan
    • semerdeka-merdekanya

    Descendants

    • → English: Merdeka

    See also

    Further reading

    Malay

    FWOTD – 31 August 2020

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

      An elision of merdeheka ~ merdahika, borrowed from Sanskrit महर्द्धिक (maharddhika, “very prosperous”), from महा (mahā) (a combining form of म॒हत् (mahát, “abundant; great, large”); whence maha) +‎ ऋद्धि (ṛddhi, “prosperity, wealth”) +‎ -क (-ka, suffix forming adjectives):

      • म॒हत् (mahát) is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”).
      • ऋद्धि (ṛddhi) is possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eldʰ- (“to accomplish”) or *h₂erdʰ- (“abundance”).

      The word was first attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, dated to 686 C.E., as Old Malay [script needed] (maharddhika). It is a cognate of Buginese ᨆᨑᨙᨉᨀ, Tagalog maharlika.

      Pronunciation

      Adjective

      merdeka (Jawi spelling مرديک, comparative lebih merdeka, superlative paling merdeka)

      1. free (not imprisoned or enslaved)
        Synonym: bebas / بيبس
        Antonym: terkurung / ترکوروڠ
        • 2005, A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Langsir Merdeka (Poem No. 119), page 394:
          Setiap fajar begitu dihayati ufuk merdeka; kebahagiaan yang wajib kita membinanya.
          Every hue of dawn is much appreciated by the horizon of freedom; happiness that is compulsory for all of us to build.
      2. independent:
        1. (of a polity) not ruled by others
          • 1957 August 31, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Pemasyhuran Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu [Malayan Declaration of Independence]:
            بهاواسڽ كران تله تيباله ماسڽ باڬي اومت ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو اين منچاڤأي تارف سواتو بڠسا يڠ مرديك لاڬي بردولت سام ستيمڤل كدودوكنڽ دڠن سڬالا بڠسا سلوروه دنيا
            (Bahawasanya kerana telah tibalah masanya bagi umat Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ini mencapai taraf suatu bangsa yang merdeka lagi berdaulat sama setimpal kedudukannya dengan segala bangsa seluruh dunia.)
            Whereas the time has now arrived when the people of the Persekutuan Tanah Melayu will assume the status of a free independent and sovereign nation among nations of the World.
          • 2018 February 16, Normazlina M.D, “Simbol negara merdeka [Symbol of an independent nation]”, in Media Permata‎[1], archived from the original on 18 August 2019:
            Bendera negara bukan hanya sekadar sehelai kain yang mempunyai warna atau motif tertentu bahkan ia adalah simbol identiti sesebuah negara yang merdeka lagi berdaulat.
            The national flag is not just a piece of cloth that has a certain color or motif. In fact, it is a symbol of the identity of a nation that is independent and sovereign.
        2. not dependent on other people; self-reliant

      Derived terms

      Affixed terms and other derivations

      Regular affixed derivations:

      Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

      Descendants

      Notes

      1. ^ The expected “Johor-Riau” pronunciation has been rendered obsolete in Malaysia, probably due to the influence of Tunku Abdul Rahman’s historic recorded “merdeka” chant with his Kedahan dialect which did not go through the historical “final-[a] > [ə]” change that occurred in the Johorean dialect. The latter became the basis of national-level Malaysian Malay.

      References

      • Edi Sedyawati; Ellya Iswati; Kusparyati Boedhijono; Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994), Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 251
      • Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “mĕrdeka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 134.

      Further reading

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