ius

See also: Ius, IUs, and -ius

Gothic

Romanization

ius

  1. romanization of 𐌹𐌿𐍃

Latin

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Italic *jowos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- (“straight, right”), an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (“vital force, age”) (the source of aevum and iuvenis).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit योस् (yós), Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬛𐬁 (yaoždā).

    Noun

    iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

    1. law, right
    2. subjective right, individual right
    3. court of law
    Declension

    Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

    singular plural
    nominative iūs iūra
    genitive iūris iūrum
    dative iūrī iūribus
    accusative iūs iūra
    ablative iūre iūribus
    vocative iūs iūra

    The genitive plural iūrum does appear rarely, e.g. in Plautus and in Cato as quoted by Charisius.[2]

    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Italo-Romance:
      • Italian: giuro, ⇒ giura
    • Ibero-Romance:
    • Borrowings:

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Indo-European *yéwHs (“soup, broth”).[3] Cognate with Sanskrit यूस् (yū́s), यू॒ष (yūṣá), Ancient Greek ζῡ́μη (zū́mē), Proto-Germanic *justaz, Proto-Slavic *juxa.

      Noun

      iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

      2. gravy
      3. broth; soup
      4. sauce
      5. juice
      Declension

      Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

      singular plural
      nominative iūs iūra
      genitive iūris iūrum
      dative iūrī iūribus
      accusative iūs iūra
      ablative iūre iūribus
      vocative iūs iūra
      Derived terms
      Descendants
      • Gallo-Italic:
      • Gallo-Romance:
        • Franco-Provençal: jus
        • Old French: jus, jous (see there for further descendants)

      References

      1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “iūs, -ris 'law'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 316-7
      2. ^ Lewis & Short, p. 1019.
      3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “iūs, -ris 'broth, sauce'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316

      Further reading

      • “jūs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “iūs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • "ius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
      • “jūs”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
        • to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse
        • to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari)
        • to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
        • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius dicere
        • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33)
        • to assert one's right: ius suum persequi
        • to obtain justice: ius suum adipisci (Liv. 1. 32. 10)
        • to maintain one's right: ius suum tenere, obtinere
        • to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
        • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
        • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
        • to summon some one before the court: in ius, in iudicium vocare aliquem
        • a sound judicial system: aequa iuris descriptio (Off. 2. 4. 15)
        • to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
        • to reduce law to a system: ius ad artem redigere
        • absence of justice: ius nullum
        • to trample all law under foot: ius ac fas omne delere
        • against all law, human and divine: contra ius fasque
        • with full right: optimo iure
        • prerogative, privilege: ius praecipuum, beneficium, donum, also immunitas c. Gen.
        • to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
        • quite rightly: et recte (iure, merito)
        • quite rightly: et recte (iure) quidem
        • quite rightly: recte, iure id quidem
        • with perfect right: meo (tuo, suo) iure
        • with perfect right: iusto iure
        • legitimately; with the fullest right: optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1).
        • (ambiguous) to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
        • (ambiguous) anarchy reigns supreme: omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8)
        • (ambiguous) to trample all law under foot: omnia iura pervertere
      • “ius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 507
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