hellen
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch helden. The loss of the d occurred by reanalysis of the past tense form helde as consisting of hel-de rather than held-de.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɦɛlə(n)/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: hel‧len
- Rhymes: -ɛlən
Verb
hellen
- (intransitive) to incline
Conjugation
| Conjugation of hellen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | hellen | |||
| past singular | helde | |||
| past participle | geheld | |||
| infinitive | hellen | |||
| gerund | hellen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | hel | helde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | helt, hel2 | helde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | helt | helde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | helt | helde | ||
| 3rd person singular | helt | helde | ||
| plural | hellen | helden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | helle | helde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | hellen | helden | ||
| imperative sing. | hel | |||
| imperative plur.1 | helt | |||
| participles | hellend | geheld | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Derived terms
- helling
- overhellen
German
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle High German hëllen, from Old High German hëllan, from Proto-Germanic *hellaną (“to resound”).
Verb
hellen (weak, third-person singular present hellt, past tense hellte, past participle gehellt, auxiliary haben)
- (poetic) to brighten
Conjugation
| infinitive | hellen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | hellend | ||||
| past participle | gehellt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich helle | wir hellen | i | ich helle | wir hellen |
| du hellst | ihr hellt | du hellest | ihr hellet | ||
| er hellt | sie hellen | er helle | sie hellen | ||
| preterite | ich hellte | wir hellten | ii | ich hellte1 | wir hellten1 |
| du helltest | ihr helltet | du helltest1 | ihr helltet1 | ||
| er hellte | sie hellten | er hellte1 | sie hellten1 | ||
| imperative | hell (du) helle (du) |
hellt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Ultimately from the same origin as the "brighten" sense of Etymology 1.
Adjective
hellen
- inflection of hell:
- strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
- weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
- strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
- strong dative plural
- weak/mixed all-case plural
Further reading
- “hellen”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache[1] (in German)
- “hellen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “hellen” in Duden online
- “hellen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Luxembourgish
Adjective
hellen
- inflection of hell:
- strong/weak nominative/accusative masculine singular
- weak dative masculine/neuter singular
- strong/weak dative plural
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *hellan, from Proto-Germanic *hellaną.
Verb
hellen
Inflection
| infinitive | base form | hellen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive | hellens | ||||||
| dative | hellene | ||||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||||
| present | past | present | past | ||||
| 1st person singular | helle | — | helle | — | |||
| 2nd person singular | hels, helles | — | hels, helles | — | |||
| 3rd person singular | helt, hellet | — | helle | — | |||
| 1st person plural | hellen | — | hellen | — | |||
| 2nd person plural | helt, hellet | — | helt, hellet | — | |||
| 3rd person plural | hellen | — | hellen | — | |||
| imperative | |||||||
| singular | hel, helle | ||||||
| plural | helt, hellet | ||||||
| present | past | ||||||
| participle | hellende | — | |||||
Further reading
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hellen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German hëllan, from Proto-West Germanic *hellan, from Proto-Germanic *hellaną. Cognate with Middle Dutch hellen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈhɛlːən/
Verb
hëllen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present hillet, past tense hal, past participle gehollen, past subjunctive hülle, auxiliary hān)
- (intransitive) to sound, to resound, to ring out; to echo
- c. 1200, Der Nibelunge Nôt, Av. 13:
- c. 1200, Der Nibelunge Nôt, Av. 13:
- (intransitive) ? to hasten, to hurry, to rush, to move quickly
Conjugation
| infinitive | hëllen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive gerund | hëllennes hëllenes | ||||
| dative gerund | hëllenne hëllene | ||||
| present participle | hëllende | ||||
| past participle | gehollen | ||||
| auxiliary | hān | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich hille | wir hëllen | i | ich hëlle | wir hëllen |
| du hillest | ir hëllet | du hëllest | ir hëllet | ||
| ër hillet | sie hëllent | ër hëlle | sie hëllen | ||
| preterite | ich hal | wir hullen | ii | ich hülle | wir hüllen |
| du hülle | ir hullet | du hüllest | ir hüllet | ||
| ër hal | sie hullen | ër hülle | sie hüllen | ||
| imperative | hil (du) | hëllet (ir) | |||
| perfect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| indicative | ich hān gehollen | wir hān gehollen | subjunctive | ich habe gehollen | wir haben gehollen |
| du hāst gehollen | ir hāt gehollen | du habest gehollen | ir habet gehollen | ||
| ër hāt gehollen | sie hānt gehollen | ër habe gehollen | sie haben gehollen | ||
| pluperfect | |||||
| indicative | ich habete gehollen | wir habeten gehollen | subjunctive | ich habete gehollen | wir habeten gehollen |
| du habetest gehollen | ir habetet gehollen | du habetest gehollen | ir habetet gehollen | ||
| ër habete gehollen | sie habeten gehollen | ër habete gehollen | sie habeten gehollen | ||
| future i | |||||
| infinitive | hëllen süln | subjunctive i | ich sul hëllen | wir suln hëllen | |
| du sule hëllen | ir sulet hëllen | ||||
| ër sul hëllen | sie suln hëllen | ||||
| indicative | ich sol hëllen | wir sulen hëllen | subjunctive ii | ich sölte hëllen ich sölde hëllen |
wir sölten hëllen wir sölden hëllen |
| du solt hëllen | ir sulet hëllen | du söltest hëllen du söldest hëllen |
ir söltet hëllen ir söldet hëllen | ||
| ër sol hëllen | sie sulen hëllen | ër sölte hëllen ër sölde hëllen |
sie sölten hëllen sie sölden hëllen | ||
| future ii | |||||
| infinitive | gehollen hān süln | subjunctive i | ich sul gehollen hān | wir suln gehollen hān | |
| du sule gehollen hān | ir sulet gehollen hān | ||||
| ër sul gehollen hān | sie suln gehollen hān | ||||
| indicative | ich sol gehollen hān | wir sulen gehollen hān | subjunctive ii | ich sölte gehollen hān ich sölde gehollen hān |
wir sölten gehollen hān wir sölden gehollen hān |
| du solt gehollen hān | ir sulet gehollen hān | du söltest gehollen hān du söldest gehollen hān |
ir söltet gehollen hān ir söldet gehollen hān | ||
| ër sol gehollen hān | sie sulen gehollen hān | ër sölte gehollen hān ër sölde gehollen hān |
sie sölten gehollen hān sie sölden gehollen hān | ||
Descendants
References
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “hëllen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Noun
hellen m or f
- definite masculine singular of helle
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
hellen m (definite singular hellenen, indefinite plural hellenar, definite plural hellenane)
- (pre-2012) alternative form of hellenar
Swedish
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἕλλην (Héllēn). Attested since 1822.
Noun
hellen c
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | hellen | hellens |
| definite | hellenen | hellenens | |
| plural | indefinite | hellener | helleners |
| definite | hellenerna | hellenernas |
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- “hellen”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
- “hellen”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
- “hellen”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
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- Dutch terms inherited from Frankish
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- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
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- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛlən
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- Dutch lemmas
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- German 2-syllable words
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- sv:Ancient Greece