eli

See also: Appendix:Variations of "eli"

Languages (21)

Translingual

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Akkadian • Cornish • Dilling • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • Finnish • Ido • Igala • Ingrian • Italian • Kristang • Ligurian • Meänkieli • Nupe • Silesian • Ternate • Turkish • Venetan • Volapük • Welsh • Xhosa

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

eli

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Nding.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Nding terms

Akkadian

Root
'-l-y
4 terms

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʕalay- (“on, over”). Cognate with Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā) and Biblical Hebrew עַל (ʕal), עֲלֵי (ʕălé).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe.li/

Preposition

eli (pronominal form elī) (from Old Akkadian on)

1. on, above, over, upon
2. towards
3. against
4. beyond, more than
   • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code‎^[2], The Louvre, Law 202:

     𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒇷𒂊𒀉 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒊭 𒂊𒇷𒋗 𒊏𒁍𒌑 𒅎𒋫𒄩𒊍 𒄿𒈾 𒁍𒌔𒊑𒅎 𒄿𒈾 𒋢𒉮 𒄞 𒁹𒋗𒅆 𒅎𒈤𒄩𒊍

     [šumma awīlum lēt awīlim ša elīšu rabû imtaḫaṣ, ina puḫrim ina qinnāz alpim (ištēn) šūši immaḫḫaṣ.]

     šum-ma a-wi-lum le-e-et a-wi-lim ša e-li-šu ra-bu-u₂ im-ta-ḫa-aṣ i-na pu-uḫ₂-ri-im i-na ^kušUSAN₃ GUD 1 šu-ši im-maḫ-ḫa-aṣ

     If a man has struck the cheek of a man who is of higher rank than he, he will be struck with an ox whip sixty times in the assembly.

Alternative forms

• ili, elu, el
• al (Old Akkadian)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒌋𒅗 (UGU)	𒂊𒇷 (e-li)

References

• “eli”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[3], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “eli”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library
• Huehnergard, John (2011), A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ėliv, borrowed from Latin olīvum, see olīva and oleum. Cognate with Welsh eli.

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): /ˈɛːli/

Noun

eli m (plural eliow)

1. balm, ointment, remedy, salve

Derived terms

• dieli (“incurable”)
• eli gwenen (“balm, bee balm, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)”)
• eli gweus (“lip balm”)
• elia (“anoint”, verb)

Verb

eli

1. inflection of elia:
   1. third-person singular present indicative/future indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

References

• “eli” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Dilling

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nubian *il-di.

Noun

eli

1. woman

References

• [4] (as eli)
• Václav Blažek (2000), “Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels”, in Salem Chaker, editor, compiled by Salem Chaker and Andrej Zaborski, Etudes berbères et chamito-sémitiques. Mélanges offert à Karl-G. Prasse (in French and English), Peeters, →ISBN, page 32

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Verb

eli

1. to be.

Finnish

Etymology 1

Either from the pronominal stem e- seen in että (compare mikäli, from mikä), or alternatively a North Germanic loan (compare Old Norse ella, ellar, from Proto-Germanic *aljaz). Also compare Estonian elik.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeli(ˣ)/, [ˈe̞li(ʔ)]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eli
• Syllabification^(key): e‧li
• Hyphenation^(key): eli

Conjunction

eli (coordinating)

1. that is, that is to say, i.e.; in other words, to put it another way; as in (used to introduce a clarification or explanation)

   Hän tulee tänne maanantaina eli ylihuomenna. ― She's coming here on Monday as in two days from now.

   Kuivajää sublimoituu lämmetessään kaasuksi, eli se muuttuu suoraan kaasuksi muuttumatta välillä nesteeksi. ― Dry ice sublimates to gas directly, i.e. it turns straight into gas without turning into a liquid in between.

2. or, also known as, AKA, a.k.a. (used to introduce an alternative name)

   Synonyms: l., alias, a.k.a.

   Kikka eli Kirsi Sirén ― Kikka a.k.a. Kirsi Sirén

   ruokasuola eli natriumkloridi ― table salt or sodium chloride

   1. or (used to introduce an alternate title for a work)

      Hobitti eli sinne ja takaisin ― The Hobbit, or There and Back Again

3. (informal) so (used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question; used to introduce a rhetorical question)

   Synonym: siis (when not colloquial, it is usually not the first word in the sentence)

   Eli miten se tarina päättyy? ― So how does the story end?

   Eli kävit siellä eilen. ― So you did go there yesterday.

4. (archaic or dialectal) or

   Synonyms: tai, (exclusive or in questions) vai

   Lähdetkö mukaan eli et? ― Are you coming along or not?

   • 1859, August Ahlqvist, Muistelmia matkoilta Wenäjällä wuosina 1854–1858, page 219:

     Sortingjen kirkko on ensimäinen ja ainoa paikka Soswalla, jossa Wenäläisiä tawataan. Paitse pappia ja kirkon-palwelijoita elää siinä kauppaa pitäwä porwari ja muutamia muita asujia, yleensä kuusi eli seitsemän taloa, joiden rinnalla ja lisänä seisoo kymmenkunta Woguulien jurttia.

     The church of Sortingye is the first and only place along the Sosva where Russians will be met. Aside for the priest and church officials, there is a shopkeeper and some others living there, altogether six or seven houses, besides and in addition to which there are ten or so yurts of the Voguls standing.

   • 1975, Heikki Turunen (book author), Matti-Juhani Karila, Veikko Kerttula, Hannu Tyhtilä (scriptwriters), directed by Veikko Kerttula, Simpauttaja (motion picture), spoken by Hilppa Ryynänen (Veikko Tiitinen):

     Piäspähä itku eli paska!
     Ja jumalauta jos vielä tulet meijän kynnyksen yli, perkeleen hamppari!
     Minä en ruppee tuollasen vätyksen kanssa ikkeeni tappelemmaan!

     I don't care if you cry or shit yourself!
     And God damn you if you cross our doorstep one more time, you fucking loafer!
     I'm not going to spend the rest of my life fighting with a slob like you!

Derived terms

• elikkä

Further reading

• “eli”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[5] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞li]
• Rhymes: -eli
• Syllabification^(key): e‧li
• Hyphenation^(key): eli

Verb

eli

1. third-person singular past indicative of elää

   Hän eli täällä.

   He lived here.

Anagrams

• lei, lie

Ido

Etymology

elu (“she, her”) +‎ -i (“-s; plural”)

Pronoun

eli pl

1. they, them (feminine)

Related terms

• li (“they, them”)
• ili (“they, them”) (masculine)
• oli (“they, them”) (neuter)

Igala

Etymology

Éli

Cognate with Urhobo eni, Edo ení, Igbo enyi, Yoruba erin, Olukumi erin. This form was replaced by Igala àdagbá, from Idoma adagba or Nupe dagba. Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *é-lĩ or Proto-Yoruboid *é-nĩ. See Benue-Congo cognates, Ibibio eniin, Tee ni, Proto-Lower Cross River *é-nì:n, Proto-Ogoni *ǹnĩ, Westermann constructs a possible reconstruction to Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-ni-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /é.lī/

Noun

éli

1. (obsolete) elephant

   Synonym: àdagbá

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From the pronominal stem e-, of uncertain origin. Akin to Finnish eli and Estonian elik.
Possibly influenced by or derived from Russian или (ili), Swedish eller.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲiˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲiˑ]
• Rhymes: -eli
• Hyphenation: e‧li

Conjunction

eli

1. (folk-poetic) or

Synonyms

• tali, ehki, vai

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲiˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈeli/, [ˈe̞lʲiˑ]
• Rhymes: -eli
• Hyphenation: e‧li

Verb

eli

1. third-person singular indicative imperfect of ellää

   Hää eli Soikkolaas. ― She lived in Soikkola.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 30

Italian

Noun

eli m

1. plural of elio

Anagrams

• -ile, Lei, lei

Kristang

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.

Proto-Italic *olnos

Old Latin olle

Latin ille

Old Galician-Portuguese ele

Portuguese ele

Kristang eli

Inherited from Portuguese ele (“he”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ele, from Latin ille (“that, he, she, it”).

Pronoun

eli

1. he, she or it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

See also

Kristang personal pronouns

	singular	plural
first person	yo	nus
second person	bos	bolotu
third person	eli	olotu

Ligurian

Alternative forms

• lô (Genoa, gender-neutral)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.

Proto-Italic *olnos

Old Latin olle

Latin ille

Latin illī

Ligurian eli

Inherited from Latin illī.

Pronoun

eli m pl (feminine ele, singular elu)

1. (Monaco) they, them (third-person masculine or mixed plural pronoun)

References

• Louis Barral; Suzanne Simone (1983), “eux”, in Dictionnaire Français-Monégasque [French-Monegasque Dictionary]‎^[6] (overall work in French), Monaco: Mairie de Monaco, page 108
• Louis Barral; Suzanne Simone (1983), “il”, in Dictionnaire Français-Monégasque [French-Monegasque Dictionary]‎^[7] (overall work in French), Monaco: Mairie de Monaco, page 137

Meänkieli

Conjunction

eli

1. or

Nupe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ē.lī/

Noun

eli

1. alternative form of ali (“character; disposition; behaviour”)

Silesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.li/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛli
• Syllabification: e‧li

Conjunction

eli

1. alternative form of jeśli

Further reading

• eli in silling.org

Ternate

Etymology

Cognate with Sahu 'elingi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈ(ʔ)e.li]

Verb

eli

1. (transitive) to remember

Conjugation

Conjugation of eli

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		toeli	foeli	mieli
2nd person		noeli	nieli
3rd person	masculine	oeli	ieli yoeli (archaic)
	feminine	moeli
	neuter	ieli

Alternative forms

• el

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Noun

eli

1. inflection of el:
   1. definite accusative singular
   2. third-person singular single-possession possessive

Venetan

Pronoun

eli m

1. they, them

Volapük

Article

eli

1. accusative singular of el
   • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: I:

     Ekö! jivirgan ogrodikof, ed omotof soni, keli onemoy eli ‚Emmanuel’, kela tradutod binon: God binom ko obs.

     Look! the virgin is with child and will give birth to a son whom they will call Immanuel, a name which means „God-is-with-us”.

Welsh

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Welsh eli, from Proto-Brythonic *ėliv, borrowed from Latin olīvum, see olīva and oleum.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɛlɪ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈeːli/, /ˈɛli/
• Rhymes: -ɛli

Noun

eli m (plural elïau or elïoedd)

1. ointment, balm, lotion

   Synonyms: ennaint, balm, trwyth

2. (figurative) salve, remedy

   Synonym: rhwymedi

Derived terms

• eli eryrod (folk remedy for shingles, literally “shingles ointment”)
• eli haul (“sun cream, sunscreen”)
• eli'r brenin (“human excrement”, literally “king's balm”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of eli

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
eli	unchanged	unchanged	heli

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “eli”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “eli”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [êːli]

Pronoun

êli

1. this; class 5 proximal demonstrative.