constringir

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin cōn-

Proto-Indo-European *streyg-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *strinégti

Proto-Italic *stringō

Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *stréngʰeti

Proto-Italic *strengō

Latin stringō

Latin cōnstringerelbor.

Portuguese constringir

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnstringere (“to tie up”). Doublet of constranger.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kõs.tɾĩˈʒi(ʁ)/ [kõs.tɾĩˈʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kõs.tɾĩˈʒi(ʁ)/ [kõs.tɾĩˈʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /kõs.tɾĩˈʒi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɾĩˈʒi(ʁ)/ [kõʃ.tɾĩˈʒi(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /kõs.tɾĩˈʒi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɾĩˈʒiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɾĩˈʒiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /kõʃ.tɾĩˈʒi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: cons‧trin‧gir

Verb

constringir (first-person singular present constrinjo, first-person singular preterite constringi, past participle constringido)

1. (transitive) to constrict with a loop around something
2. (transitive, figurative) to constrict; to limit or restrict

Conjugation

    Conjugation of constringir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	constringir
Personal	constringir	constringires	constringir	constringirmos	constringirdes	constringirem
Gerund
	constringindo
Past participle
Masculine	constringido			constringidos
Feminine	constringida			constringidas
Indicative
Present	constrinjo	constringes	constringe	constringimos	constringis	constringem
Imperfect	constringia	constringias	constringia	constringíamos	constringíeis	constringiam
Preterite	constringi	constringiste	constringiu	constringimos	constringistes	constringiram
Pluperfect	constringira	constringiras	constringira	constringíramos	constringíreis	constringiram
Future	constringirei	constringirás	constringirá	constringiremos	constringireis	constringirão
Conditional	constringiria	constringirias	constringiria	constringiríamos	constringiríeis	constringiriam
Subjunctive
Present	constrinja	constrinjas	constrinja	constrinjamos	constrinjais	constrinjam
Imperfect	constringisse	constringisses	constringisse	constringíssemos	constringísseis	constringissem
Future	constringir	constringires	constringir	constringirmos	constringirdes	constringirem
Imperative
Affirmative		constringe	constrinja	constrinjamos	constringi	constrinjam
Negative (não)		não constrinjas	não constrinja	não constrinjamos	não constrinjais	não constrinjam

Further reading

• “constringir”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “constringir”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “constringir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin cōn-

Proto-Indo-European *streyg-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *strinégti

Proto-Italic *stringō

Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *stréngʰeti

Proto-Italic *strengō

Latin stringō

Latin cōnstringerelbor.

Spanish constringir

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnstringere (“to tie up”). Doublet of constreñir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /konstɾinˈxiɾ/ [kõns.t̪ɾĩŋˈxiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: cons‧trin‧gir

Verb

constringir (first-person singular present constrinjo, first-person singular preterite constringí, past participle constringido)

1. obsolete form of constreñir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of constringir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			constringir
gerund			constringiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		constringido		constringida
		plural		constringidos		constringidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	constrinjo	constringestú constringísvos	constringe	constringimos	constringís	constringen
	imperfect	constringía	constringías	constringía	constringíamos	constringíais	constringían
	preterite	constringí	constringiste	constringió	constringimos	constringisteis	constringieron
	future	constringiré	constringirás	constringirá	constringiremos	constringiréis	constringirán
	conditional	constringiría	constringirías	constringiría	constringiríamos	constringiríais	constringirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	constrinja	constrinjastú constrinjásvos2	constrinja	constrinjamos	constrinjáis	constrinjan
	imperfect (ra)	constringiera	constringieras	constringiera	constringiéramos	constringierais	constringieran
	imperfect (se)	constringiese	constringieses	constringiese	constringiésemos	constringieseis	constringiesen
	future1	constringiere	constringieres	constringiere	constringiéremos	constringiereis	constringieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		constringetú constringívos	constrinja	constrinjamos	constringid	constrinjan
	negative		no constrinjas	no constrinja	no constrinjamos	no constrinjáis	no constrinjan

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of constringir (g-j alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive constringir	dative	constringirme	constringirte	constringirle, constringirse	constringirnos	constringiros	constringirles, constringirse
	accusative	constringirme	constringirte	constringirlo, constringirla, constringirse	constringirnos	constringiros	constringirlos, constringirlas, constringirse
with gerund constringiendo	dative	constringiéndome	constringiéndote	constringiéndole, constringiéndose	constringiéndonos	constringiéndoos	constringiéndoles, constringiéndose
	accusative	constringiéndome	constringiéndote	constringiéndolo, constringiéndola, constringiéndose	constringiéndonos	constringiéndoos	constringiéndolos, constringiéndolas, constringiéndose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative constringe	dative	constríngeme	constríngete	constríngele	constríngenos	not used	constríngeles
	accusative	constríngeme	constríngete	constríngelo, constríngela	constríngenos	not used	constríngelos, constríngelas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative constringí	dative	constringime	constringite	constringile	constringinos	not used	constringiles
	accusative	constringime	constringite	constringilo, constringila	constringinos	not used	constringilos, constringilas
with formal second-person singular imperative constrinja	dative	constrínjame	not used	constrínjale, constrínjase	constrínjanos	not used	constrínjales
	accusative	constrínjame	not used	constrínjalo, constrínjala, constrínjase	constrínjanos	not used	constrínjalos, constrínjalas
with first-person plural imperative constrinjamos	dative	not used	constrinjámoste	constrinjámosle	constrinjámonos	constrinjámoos	constrinjámosles
	accusative	not used	constrinjámoste	constrinjámoslo, constrinjámosla	constrinjámonos	constrinjámoos	constrinjámoslos, constrinjámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative constringid	dative	constringidme	not used	constringidle	constringidnos	constringíos	constringidles
	accusative	constringidme	not used	constringidlo, constringidla	constringidnos	constringíos	constringidlos, constringidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative constrinjan	dative	constrínjanme	not used	constrínjanle	constrínjannos	not used	constrínjanles, constrínjanse
	accusative	constrínjanme	not used	constrínjanlo, constrínjanla	constrínjannos	not used	constrínjanlos, constrínjanlas, constrínjanse

Further reading

• “constringir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026