Tehran

This article is about the Iranian capital city. For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). For the metonymic meaning, see Government of Iran.

Tehran تهران
Capital city
Tehran skyline and the Alborz Milad Tower and Mount Damavand Azadi Tower Golestan Palace National Garden Chitgar Lake Niavaran Complex
Flag Seal
Map of Tehran
Tehran Location within Iran Tehran Location within Middle East Tehran Location within Asia
Coordinates: 35°41′20″N 51°23′23″E
Country	Iran
Province	Tehran
County	Tehran Rey Shemiranat
District	Central
Government
• Mayor	Alireza Zakani
• City Council Chairman	Mehdi Chamran
• City Council	Islamic City Council of Tehran
Area
• Urban	750 km2 (290 sq mi)
• Metro	2,235 km2 (863 sq mi)
Elevation	1,040 to 2,040 m (3,410 to 6,690 ft)
Population  (2016 census)
• Capital city	8,693,706
• Estimate  (2026)	9,840,100
• Density	12,052/km2 (31,210/sq mi)
• Metro  (2025)	14,557,000 (province)
• Population rank in Iran	1st
Demonym	Tehrani
GDP (Nominal, 2024)
• Capital city	US$67.6 billion
• Per capita	US$7,000
Time zone	UTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code	+98 21
Climate	BSk
Website	tehran.ir

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Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is also the capital of Tehran province and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District. With a population of around 9 million in the city, and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and West Asia, the largest metropolitan area in the Middle East and the 24th-most-populous metropolitan area in the world. Greater Tehran includes several municipalities, including Eslamshahr, Shahriar, Qods, Malard, Golestan, Varamin, Pakdasht, Qarchak, Nasimshahr, Parand, Pardis, Andisheh, Fardis, Tajrish, and Rey.

In classical antiquity, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Iranian city that was not destroyed in the medieval Arab and Mongol invasions. Rey is absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran in 1786 by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty, because of its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus—which were contested in the Russo-Iranian Wars—and to avoid the vying factions of prior ruling Iranian dynasties; the capital of Iran had been moved several times throughout its long history, with Tehran becoming the 51st. Under Reza Shah, Tehran witnessed Iran's first institute of higher learning, bank, railway line, and museum. Large-scale construction works began in the 1920s, and Tehran became a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran, especially in the 20th century. Tehran was at the center of the Iranian Revolution, and experienced major bombing damage during the Iran–Iraq War, the Twelve-Day War, and the 2026 Iran war.

Tehran is home to many historical sites, including the World Heritage Site Golestan Palace of the Qajar dynasty and the Masoudieh, Sa'dabad, Niavaran and Marmar palace complexes of both the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties. Landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built in 1971 to mark the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire; the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower, completed in 2007; and the Tabiat Bridge, completed in 2014.

Tehran has been described as a cultural "melting pot", hosting more Azerbaijanis than any other city in the world. Tehran is served by Imam Khomeini International Airport, alongside the domestic Mehrabad Airport, a central railway station, Tehran Metro, the Tehran Bus Rapid Transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.

Because of air pollution, earthquakes and water scarcity, there have been plans to relocate the capital to another area, although none have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities across the globe by Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran was among the top ten fastest growing tourism destinations. In 2016, the Tehran City Council declared 6 October "Tehran Day", celebrating the date in 1907 when the city officially became the capital of Iran.