Pentane

Pentane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Pentane
Other names Quintane Refrigerant-4-13-0 Pentyl hydride Amyl hydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	109-66-0 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	969132
ChEBI	CHEBI:37830 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL16102 Y
ChemSpider	7712 Y
DrugBank	DB03119 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.358
EC Number	203-692-4
Gmelin Reference	1766
MeSH	pentane
PubChem CID	8003
RTECS number	RZ9450000
UNII	4FEX897A91 Y
UN number	1265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2025846
InChI InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3 Y Key: OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H12
Molar mass	72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like
Density	0.626 g/mL; 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C)
Melting point	−130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point	35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
Solubility in water	40 mg/L (20 °C)
log P	3.255
Vapor pressure	57.90 kPa (20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH)	7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa)	~45
Basicity (pKb)	~59
UV-vis (λmax)	200 nm
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.358
Viscosity	0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	167.19 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	263.47 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H225, H304, H336, H411
Precautionary statements	P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P331, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 4 0
Flash point	−49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K)
Autoignition temperature	260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K)
Explosive limits	1.5–7.8%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit) 5 g kg−1 (oral, mouse)
LC50 (median concentration)	130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min) 128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min) 325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	1500 ppm
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Butane Butyl iodide Hexane
Supplementary data page
Pentane (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C₅H₁₂—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.

Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.