Neopentane

Neopentane

Stereo, skeletal formula of neopentane
Skeletal formula of neopentane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of neopentane Spacefill model of neopentane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 2,2-Dimethylpropane
Other names Neopentane Tetramethylmethane
Identifiers
CAS Number	463-82-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Abbreviations	Me4C
Beilstein Reference	1730722
ChEBI	CHEBI:30358 Y
ChemSpider	9646 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.006.677
EC Number	207-343-7
Gmelin Reference	1850
MeSH	neopentane
PubChem CID	10041
UNII	M863R1J0BP Y
UN number	2044
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6029179
InChI InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-4H3 Y Key: CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CC(C)(C)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C(CH3)4
Molar mass	72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Odorless
Density	3.255 kg/m3Ẽ (gas, 9.5 °C) 601.172 kg/m3 (liquid, 9.5 °C)
Melting point	−16.5 °C (2.3 °F; 256.6 K)
Boiling point	9.5 °C (49.1 °F; 282.6 K)
Solubility in water	33.2 mg/L
Solubility	Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride
log P	3.11
Vapor pressure	146 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH)	4.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Refractive index (nD)	1.3476 (at 6 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	121.07–120.57 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	217 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−168.5–−167.3 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−3.51506–−3.51314 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H220, H411
Precautionary statements	P203, P210, P222, P273, P280, P377, P381, P391, P403, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 4 0
Autoignition temperature	450 °C (842 °F; 723 K)
Related compounds
Related alkanes	2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Triptane Tetramethylbutane Tetraethylmethane Tetra-tert-butylmethane
Related compounds	Tetramethylsilane Tetramethylgermane Tetramethylstannane Tetramethylplumbane Tetramethylammonium
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Neopentane, also called 2,2-dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C(CH₃)₄. Neopentane is a flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.

Neopentane is the simplest alkane with a quaternary carbon, and has achiral tetrahedral symmetry. It is one of the three structural isomers with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ (pentanes), the other two being n-pentane and isopentane. Out of these three, it is the only one to be a gas at standard conditions; the others are liquids.

It was first synthesized by Russian chemist Mikhail Lvov in 1870.