Old Text School

Old Text School (Chinese: 古文經; pinyin: Gǔwén Jīng; Wade–Giles: Kuwen Ching) of Confucianism emphasized a historical reading of the Chinese classics. When the Five Classics were discovered during the Han dynasty, it was written in a script that predated the one in use and produced before the burning of the books movement. The term "Old Text" became used in contrast with "New Text School" (今文經), which indicated a group of texts written in the orthography currently in use during the Han dynasty.

Historical sources record the recovery of a group of texts during the last half of the 2nd century BC from the walls of Confucius’s old residence in Qufu, the old capital of the State of Lu, when Prince Liu Yu (d. 127 BC) attempted to expand it into a palace upon taking the throne there. In the course of taking the old wall apart, the restorers found versions of the Classic of History, Rites of Zhou, Yili, Analects of Confucius and Classic of Filial Piety, all written in the old orthography used prior to the reforms of the clerical script. Hence, they were called "Old Text" works.