ISO week date
The ISO week date system is effectively a leap week calendar system that is part of the ISO 8601 date and time standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) since 1988 (last revised in 2019) and, before that, it was defined in ISO (R) 2015 since 1971. It is used (mainly) in government and business for fiscal years, as well as in timekeeping. This was previously known as "Industrial date coding". The system specifies a week year atop the Gregorian calendar by defining a notation for ordinal weeks of the year.
The Gregorian leap cycle, which has 97 leap days spread across 400 years, contains a whole number of weeks (20871). In every cycle there are 71 years with an additional 53rd week (corresponding to the Gregorian years that contain 53 Thursdays). An average year is exactly 52.1775 weeks long; months (1⁄12 year) average at exactly 4.348125 weeks/month.
An ISO week-numbering year (also called ISO year informally) has 52 or 53 full weeks. That is 364 or 371 days instead of the usual 365 or 366 days. These 53-week years occur on all years that have Thursday as 1 January and on leap years that start on Wednesday. The extra week is sometimes referred to as a leap week, although ISO 8601 does not use this term.
Weeks start with Monday and end on Sunday. Each week's year is the Gregorian year in which the Thursday falls. The first week of the year, hence, always contains 4 January. ISO week year numbering therefore usually deviates by 1 from the Gregorian for some days close to 1 January.
| English short | ISO | |
|---|---|---|
| Sat 1 Jan 2005 | 2005-01-01 | 2004-W53-6 |
| Sun 2 Jan 2005 | 2005-01-02 | 2004-W53-7 |
| Sat 31 Dec 2005 | 2005-12-31 | 2005-W52-6 |
| Sun 1 Jan 2006 | 2006-01-01 | 2005-W52-7 |
| Mon 2 Jan 2006 | 2006-01-02 | 2006-W01-1 |
| Sun 31 Dec 2006 | 2006-12-31 | 2006-W52-7 |
| Mon 1 Jan 2007 | 2007-01-01 | 2007-W01-1 |
| Sun 30 Dec 2007 | 2007-12-30 | 2007-W52-7 |
| Mon 31 Dec 2007 | 2007-12-31 | 2008-W01-1 |
| Tue 1 Jan 2008 | 2008-01-01 | 2008-W01-2 |
| Sun 28 Dec 2008 | 2008-12-28 | 2008-W52-7 |
| Mon 29 Dec 2008 | 2008-12-29 | 2009-W01-1 |
| Tue 30 Dec 2008 | 2008-12-30 | 2009-W01-2 |
| Wed 31 Dec 2008 | 2008-12-31 | 2009-W01-3 |
| Thu 1 Jan 2009 | 2009-01-01 | 2009-W01-4 |
| Thu 31 Dec 2009 | 2009-12-31 | 2009-W53-4 |
| Fri 1 Jan 2010 | 2010-01-01 | 2009-W53-5 |
| Sat 2 Jan 2010 | 2010-01-02 | 2009-W53-6 |
| Sun 3 Jan 2010 | 2010-01-03 | 2009-W53-7 |
Notes:
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A precise date is specified by the ISO week-numbering year in the format YYYY, a week number in the format ww prefixed by the letter 'W', and the weekday number, a digit d from 1 through 7, beginning with Monday and ending with Sunday. For example, the Gregorian date Wednesday, 16 September 2026 corresponds to day number 3 in the week number 38 of 2026, and is written as 2026-W38-3 (in extended form) or 2026W383 (in compact form). The ISO year is slightly offset to the Gregorian year; for example, Monday 30 December 2024 in the Gregorian calendar is the first day of week 1 of 2025 in the ISO calendar, and is written as 2025-W01-1 or 2025W011.