Fatima bint Musa
Fatima al-Ma'suma فَاطِمَة ٱلْمَعْصُومَة | |
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 Calligraphic seal of Fatima al-Ma'suma | |
| Title | al-Ma'suma (lit. 'The immaculate') |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 790 CE |
| Died | 816 or 817 (aged 23) |
| Resting place | Fatima Masumeh Shrine |
| Home town | Medina |
| Parents |
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| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Lineage | Ahl al-Bayt, Alid, Fatimid, Husaynid, Banu Hashim |
| Sect | Shia |
| Part of a series on Shia Islam |
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Fatima bint Musa (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت مُوسَىٰ, romanized: Fāṭima bint Mūsā), commonly known as Fatima al-Ma'suma (Arabic: فَاطِمَة ٱلْمَعْصُومَة, romanized: Fāṭima al-Maʿṣūma, lit. 'Fatima The Immaculate'), was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. She was the granddaughter of Ja'far al-Sadiq, the daughter of Musa al-Kazim, the sister of Ali al-Rida, and the aunt of Muhammad al-Jawad, the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth of the Twelve Imams. She is particularly venerated for her piety and close relationship with her brother. Fatima was born in Medina around 790 CE. Following the death of her father in 799, she was raised in the household of her brother al-Rida. After al-Rida was summoned by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun to Khorasan and named as heir apparent in 816, Fatima set out from Medina with a group of companions to join him. However, she fell ill during the journey and eventually reached Qom, where she died days later.
The precise circumstances of her death are uncertain, and some later accounts report that she was poisoned, although this is not found in early historical sources. Fatima was buried in Qom, where her tomb subsequently developed into the Fatima Masumeh Shrine, a holy site in Shia Islam. Her burial contributed significantly to the development of Qom as the world's largest center for Shia Islamic scholarship and a significant destination of pilgrimage. Her elevated status is closely associated with her lineage and relationship with the Imams. A traditional form of visitation to her shrine identifies her as a daughter of the Prophet's household, often compared to Fatima al-Zahra, daughter of the Prophet.