Comando Vermelho

Comando Vermelho

Founded	1979
Founders	· William da Silva Lima, o Professor · José Carlos dos Reis Encina, Escadinha · Rogério Lemgruber
Founding location	Cândido Mendes Penal Institute, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Years active	1979–present
Territory	Main territory: Rio de Janeiro Main routes: North and Northeast regions Espírito Santo, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Goiás Significant activity: Border regions in Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela and the Guyanas
Ethnicity	Brazilians (predominantly)
Membership	Up to 30,000 (2020)
Leaders	Edgard Alves de Andrade Fernandinho Beira-Mar  Márcio dos Santos Nepomuceno
Criminal activities	Drug trafficking, arms trafficking, tobacco smuggling, alcohol smuggling, wildlife smuggling, counterfeiting, currency forgery, illegal logging, illegal mining, television piracy, fuel theft, carjacking, chop shops, bank robbery, extortion, racketeering, fraud, loan sharking, money laundering, illegal gambling, pimping, kidnapping and narcoterrorism
Allies	Primeiro Grupo Catarinense Bala na Cara Comando da Paz
Rivals	Primeiro Comando da Capital Terceiro Comando Puro Amigos dos Amigos Police militias Família do Norte Guardiões do Estado Bonde do Maluco Bonde dos 40 Massa Carcerária Primeiro Comando do Maranhão Okaida

Comando Vermelho (CV; lit. 'Red Command' or 'Red Commando') is a Brazilian criminal organization engaged primarily in drugs and arms trafficking. The group, originally known as Falange Vermelha ("Red Phalanx"), was formed in 1979 as an alliance between ordinary convicts and political prisoners (mainly members of left-wing urban guerrillas) who were imprisoned together during the 1964–1985 military dictatorship.

Influenced by radical left-wing ideologies, especially Marxism-Leninism and Maoism, they created codes of conduct and a structured hierarchy, and began employing urban guerrilla tactics against the state, while also practicing bank robberies, truckjackings and kidnappings as their main source of revenue; with their leaders controlling the organisation from inside the prisons. In the early 1980s, the group changed its name to Comando Vermelho and veered towards drug trafficking and territory control.

The Comando controls parts of Rio de Janeiro and has expanded to other states and into neighbouring countries. It has fought in several small-scale conflicts with both the government and rival groups such as Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), Amigos dos Amigos (ADA) and Terceiro Comando (TC), the latter itself the result of a power struggle between Comando Vermelho leaders in the mid-1980s.