taurus

See also: Taurus

Latin

taurus (a bull)

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From Proto-Italic *tauros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros, which is probably from a non-IE substrate source. Since Latin does not show the metathesis of *-aur- > *-aru- found in terms such as parvum,[1] it is possible that the term is a loanword and that the borrowing postdates the metathesis.[2] However, Latin īnstaurō (< *steh₂u-ro-) perhaps also lacks the same metathesis, which could imply that the rule did have exceptions. This metathesis perhaps occurred in Celtic, where Proto-Indo-European *táwros produced Proto-Celtic *tarwos.[3]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    taurus m (genitive taurī); second declension

    1. a bull, steer
      Coordinate term: vacca
      • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.717–718:
        vacca sit an taurus, nōn est cognōscere prōmptum:
        pars prior appāret, posteriōra latent.
        Whether it is a cow or a bull is not easy to know:
        the front part appears, the hindquarters lie hidden.
    2. (astrology) alternative letter-case form of Taurus, Taurus, the constellation and star sign
    3. an instrument of torture, in the shape of a bull
    4. a (dialectal, Gaul) small bird that sounds like the lowing of oxen, possibly the bittern
      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 10.116:
        est quae boum mugitus imitetur, in Arelatensi agro taurus appellata, alioquin parva est.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    5. a kind of beetle
    6. (anatomy) the perineum

    Declension

    Second-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative taurus taurī
    genitive taurī taurōrum
    dative taurō taurīs
    accusative taurum taurōs
    ablative taurō taurīs
    vocative taure taurī

    Hypernyms

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Aromanian: tavru
    • Asturian: toru
    • Catalan: toro
    • Corsican: toru
    • Emilian: tòr
    • → English: Taurus
    • French: taureau
    • Friulian: taur
    • Ido: tauro
    • Interlingua: tauro
    • Italian: toro
    • Norman: touothé
    • Occitan: taur
    • Old French: tor
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: touro
    • Romanian: taur
    • Romansh: taur
    • Sardinian: trau
    • Sicilian: tàuru, tàvuru
    • Spanish: toro (see there for further descendants)
    • Venetan: toro
    • Walloon: torea

    See also

    References

    1. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 157
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “taurus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 607
    3. ^ Van Sluis, Paulus (2024), “Substrate alternations in Celtic”, in Guus Kroonen, editor, Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, Results (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs), volume 375, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, page 80
    • “taurus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “taurus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "taurus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • “taurus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • “taurus”, in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia‎[1]
    • “taurus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “taurus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
    • “toro” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

    Anagrams

    Latvian

    Noun

    taurus m

    1. accusative plural of taurs (“aurochs”)

    Lithuanian

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [tɒʊˈrʊs]
    • Rhymes: -ʊs
    • Syllabification: tau‧rùs

    Adjective

    taurùs m (feminine tauri̇̀, neuter taurù) stress pattern 4

    1. noble
      Synonym: kilnùs
    2. honorable

    Declension

    Non-pronominal forms of taurùs
    positive degree
    neuter taurù
    masculine feminine
    singular plural singular plural
    nominative taurùs taũrūs tauri̇̀ taũrios
    genitive tauraũs taurių̃ tauriõs taurių̃
    dative tauriám tauri̇́ems taũriai taurióms
    accusative taũrų tauriùs taũrią tauriàs
    instrumental tauriù tauriai̇̃s taurià tauriomi̇̀s
    locative tauriamè tauriuosè tauriojè tauriosè
    vocative taurùs taũrūs tauri̇̀ taũrios
    comparative degree
    neuter tauriaũ
    masculine feminine
    singular plural singular plural
    nominative taurèsnis tauresni̇̀ taurèsnė taurèsnės
    genitive taurèsnio tauresnių̃ tauresnė̃s tauresnių̃
    dative tauresniám tauresni̇́ems taurèsnei tauresnė̃ms
    accusative taurèsnį tauresniùs taurèsnę tauresnès
    instrumental tauresniù tauresniai̇̃s tauresnè tauresnėmi̇̀s
    locative tauresniamè tauresniuosè taurèsnėje tauresnėsè
    superlative degree
    neuter tauriáusia
    masculine feminine
    singular plural singular plural
    nominative tauriáusias tauriáusi tauriáusia tauriáusios
    genitive tauriáusio tauriáusių tauriáusios tauriáusių
    dative tauriáusiam tauriáusiems tauriáusiai tauriáusioms
    accusative tauriáusią tauriáusius tauriáusią tauriáusias
    instrumental tauriáusiu tauriáusiais tauriáusia tauriáusiomis
    locative tauriáusiame tauriáusiuose tauriáusioje tauriáusiose
    Pronominal forms of taurùs
    positive degree
    masculine feminine
    singular plural singular plural
    nominative taurùsis tauri̇́eji taurióji taũriosios
    genitive taũriojo taurių̃jų tauriõsios taurių̃jų
    dative tauriájam tauri̇́esiems taũriajai tauriósioms
    accusative taũrųjį tauriúosius taũriąją taurią́sias
    instrumental tauriúoju tauriai̇̃siais taurią́ja tauriõsiomis
    locative tauriãjame tauriuõsiuose tauriõjoje tauriõsiose
    vocative taurùsis tauri̇́eji taurióji taũriosios
    comparative degree
    masculine feminine
    singular plural singular plural
    nominative tauresnỹsis tauresni̇́eji tauresnióji taurèsniosios
    genitive taurèsniojo tauresnių̃jų tauresniõsios tauresnių̃jų
    dative tauresniájam tauresni̇́esiems taurèsniajai tauresniósioms
    accusative taurèsnįjį tauresniúosius taurèsniąją tauresnią́sias
    instrumental tauresniúoju tauresniai̇̃siais tauresnią́ja tauresniõsiomis
    locative tauresniãjame tauresniuõsiuose tauresniõjoje tauresniõsiose
    superlative degree
    masculine feminine
    singular plural singular plural
    nominative tauriáusiasis tauriáusieji tauriáusioji tauriáusiosios
    genitive tauriáusiojo tauriáusiųjų tauriáusiosios tauriáusiųjų
    dative tauriáusiajam tauriáusiesiems tauriáusiajai tauriáusiosioms
    accusative tauriáusiąjį tauriáusiuosius tauriáusiąją tauriáusiąsias
    instrumental tauriáusiuoju tauriáusiaisiais tauriáusiąja tauriáusiosiomis
    locative tauriáusiajame tauriáusiuosiuose tauriáusiojoje tauriáusiosiose

    Noun

    taurùs

    1. accusative plural of taũras (“aurochs”)
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