runga

Irish

Alternative forms

• rangán, ronga, ronnsa, ronsa

Etymology

From English rung

Noun

runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí)

1. rung (crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; crosspiece between legs of a chair)
2. banister (vertical support of a handrail)
3. rung, step (position in hierarchy)

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ronga”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “ronga”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 578
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “runga”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Māori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruŋa/ [ˈɾʉŋɐ]

Adverb

runga

1. upwards, up

Preposition

runga

1. above, over, upon

Further reading

• Williams, Herbert William (1917), “runga”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, 5th edition, Wellington, N.Z.: Marcus F. Marks, pages 410–1
• John C. Moorfield (2011), “runga”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology

From the same root as ringa (“to ring”), which see.

Verb

runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga)

1. (often in the present participle "rungande") to resound (including figuratively)

   rungande applåder

   resounding applause

   Resultatet av omröstningen blev ett rungande nej

   The result of the vote was a resounding no

   Rummet rungade av skratt

   The room resounded with laughter

   en rungade örfil

   a powerful ("resounding") slap over the side of the head (idiomatic)

Conjugation

Conjugation of runga (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	runga		—
supine	rungat		—
imperative	runga		—
imper. plural1	rungen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	rungar	rungade	—	—
ind. plural1	runga	rungade	—	—
subjunctive2	runge	rungade	—	—
present participle		rungande
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• “runga”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “runga”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “runga”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Venda

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

Verb

runga

1. to sew