lev

See also: Appendix:Variations of "lev"

Translingual

Symbol

lev

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Lamma.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Lamma terms

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lăv, “lion”). Doublet of Leo, leu, lion, and Lyon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɛv/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛv

Noun

lev (plural leva or levs)

1. The currency of Bulgaria from 1880 to 2025; divided into 100 stotinki.

Translations

former currency of Bulgaria

• Arabic: لِيف (ar) m (līf), لِيف (ar) m (lef)
• Belarusian: леў m (ljew)
• Bulgarian: лев m (lev)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 列弗 (lièfú)

• Czech: lev (cs) m
• Finnish: leva (fi)
• French: lev (fr) m
• German: Lew (de) m
• Greek: λεβ (el) (lev)
• Hebrew: לב (he)
• Hindi: लेव (hi) (lev)
• Hungarian: leva (hu)
• Indonesian: lev
• Japanese: レフ (refu)
• Korean: 레프 (repeu)
• Macedonian: лев m (lev)
• Pannonian Rusyn: лев m (lev)
• Pannonian Rusyn: лев m (lev)
• Polish: lew (pl) m
• Portuguese: lev (pt) m
• Russian: лев (ru) m (lev)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: лев m

  Latin: lev (sh) m

• Slovak: lev m
• Slovene: lev (sl) m
• Spanish: lev (es)
• Swedish: lev (sv) ?
• Turkish: lev (tr)
• Ukrainian: лев (uk) m (lev)

Anagrams

• ELV, vel

Cornish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Presumably related to lavar.”) From Middle Cornish lef, from Proto-Brythonic *lleβ̃. Cognate with Breton leñv (“complaint, groan”) and Welsh llef (“shout, cry”).

Noun

lev m (plural levow)

1. voice

Derived terms

• daslev (“echo”)
• dre lev, levyel (“vocal”)
• levbost (“voicemail”)
• poslev (“accent”)
• raglev (“vote”)
• tonlev (“intonation”)

Further reading

• “lev” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɛf]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: lev
• Rhymes: -ɛf

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech lev, from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, from a Germanic source (possibly Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)). Can ultimately be traced back to Latin leō, which comes from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), a word that is possibly a Semitic or an Akkadian borrowing.

Noun

lev m anim (female equivalent lvice, relational adjective lví, diminutive lvíček)

1. lion
2. (heraldry) lion

Declension

Declension of lev (hard masculine animate reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	lev	lvi, lvové
genitive	lva	lvů
dative	lvovi, lvu	lvům
accusative	lva	lvy
vocative	lve	lvi, lvové
locative	lvovi, lvu	lvech
instrumental	lvem	lvy

Related terms

• lvíče n

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bulgarian лев (lev), ultimately from the same root as Etymology 1.

Noun

lev m inan

1. lev (former currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of lev (hard masculine inanimate // indeclinable masculine inanimate mixed-reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	lev	lvy, levy, leva
genitive	lva, leva	lvů, levů, leva
dative	lvu, levu	lvům, levům, leva
accusative	lev	lvy, levy, leva
vocative	lve, leve	lvy, levy, leva
locative	lvu, levu	lvech, levech, leva
instrumental	lvem, levem	lvy, levy, leva

Further reading

• “lev”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “lev”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “lev”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Danish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Danish lev, from Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz (“bread”), cognate with Swedish lev, English loaf, German Laib, Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leːˀv/, [ˈleːˀw], [ˈlewˀ]

Noun

lev c (singular definite leven, plural indefinite leve)

1. (archaic) bread

Declension

Declension of lev

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lev	leven	leve	levene
genitive	levs	levens	leves	levenes

References

• “Lev,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 2

From Bulgarian лев (lev).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɛf/, [ˈlɛf]

Noun

lev c (singular definite leven, plural indefinite leva)

1. lev (former currency in Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of lev

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lev	leven	leva	levaene
genitive	levs	levens	levas	levaenes

References

• “lev” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leːˀv/, [ˈleːˀw], [ˈlewˀ]

Verb

lev

1. imperative of leve

French

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Noun

lev m (plural levs)

1. lev

Further reading

• “lev”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Indonesian

Etymology

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lăv, “lion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlep̚/
• Hyphenation: lév

Noun

lév (plural lev-lev)

1. lev: the former currency of Bulgaria, divided into 100 stotinki

Further reading

• “lev”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

lev

1. imperative of leve

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

lev

1. imperative of leva

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• ľev (alternative writing)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, from a Germanic source (possibly Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)). Can ultimately be traced back to Latin leō, which comes from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), a word that is possibly a Semitic or an Akkadian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈlɛʋ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈlɛf/

Noun

lev m animal

1. lion

Declension

Declension of lev (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	lev	lvy	lvi, lvové
genitive	lva, lvu	lvú	lvóv
dative	lvu, lvovi	lvoma	lvóm
accusative	lev, lva	lvy	lvy
vocative	lve	lvy	lvi, lvové
locative	lvě, lvu, lvovi	lvú	lviech
instrumental	lvem	lvoma	lvy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Derived terms

• lvicě
• lvík
• lvíčě

Descendants

• Czech: lev

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “lev”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Danish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz (“bread”).

Noun

lev

1. bread

Descendants

• Danish: lev

References

• “lev” in Gammeldansk Ordbog

Portuguese

Noun

lev m (plural levs)

1. lev (former currency of Bulgaria)

Further reading

• “lev”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romansh

Alternative forms

• leav (Sutsilvan)
• leiv (Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin levem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɛf/

Adjective

lev m (feminine singular leva, masculine plural levs, feminine plural levas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) light (of weight)
2. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) easy

Synonyms

• (Puter, Vallader) liger

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʎev/, (high register) [ˈʎeu̯], (common) [ˈleu̯]
• Rhymes: -ev

• Audio (Bratislava):

  (file)

• Homophone: leu

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, from a Germanic source (possibly Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)). Can ultimately be traced back to Latin leō, which comes from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), a word that is possibly a Semitic or an Akkadian borrowing.

Noun

lev m animal (female equivalent levica, relational adjective leví or levský or levový, diminutive levík or levíček)

1. lion

Declension

Declension of lev
(patterns chlap (singular) and dub (plural))

	singular	plural
nominative	lev	levy
genitive	leva	levov
dative	levovi	levom
accusative	leva	levy
locative	levovi	levoch
instrumental	levom	levmi

Derived terms

• levíča n

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek λέων (léōn)bor.

Latin leōbor.

Proto-Germanic *lewô

Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)bor.?

Proto-Slavic *lьvъ

Old Church Slavonic львъ (lĭvŭ)

Bulgarian лев (lev)der.

Slovak lev

Derived from Bulgarian лев (lev).

Noun

lev m inan

1. lev, former currency of Bulgaria

Declension

Declension of lev
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	lev	levy
genitive	leva	levov
dative	levu	levom
accusative	lev	levy
locative	leve	levoch
instrumental	levom	levmi

Further reading

• “lev”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, from a Germanic source (possibly Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)). Can ultimately be traced back to Latin leō, which comes from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), a word that is possibly a Semitic or an Akkadian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɛ́ʋ/

Noun

lȅv m anim (female equivalent levínja)

1. lion

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	lèv
gen. sing.	lêva
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lèv	lêva	lêvi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	lêva	lêvov	lêvov
dative (dajȃlnik)	lêvu	lêvoma	lêvom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lêva	lêva	lêve
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lêvu	lêvih	lêvih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lêvom	lêvoma	lêvi

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	lèv
gen. sing.	léva
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lèv	léva	lévi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	léva	lévov	lévov
dative (dajȃlnik)	lévu	lévoma	lévom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	léva	léva	léve
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lévu	lévih	lévih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lévom	lévoma	lévi

Derived terms

• lȇvček

Further reading

• “lev”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /leːv/

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish lever, from Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Cognate with Icelandic hleifur, English loaf, German Laib.

Noun

lev c

1. (uncommon) A loaf of bread.

Declension

Declension of lev

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	lev	levs
	definite	leven	levens
plural	indefinite	levar	levars
	definite	levarna	levarnas

Etymology 2

From Old Norse lyf, from Proto-Germanic *lubją. Doublet of lövja (“medicine”).

Noun

lev n

1. (obsolete, rare) A magic spell or potion.

Declension

Declension of lev

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	lev	levs
	definite	levet	levets
plural	indefinite	lev	levs
	definite	leven	levens

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

lev

1. imperative of leva

Etymology 4

From Bulgarian лев (lev, “lion”).

Noun

lev (plural leva)

1. lev, the former currency of Bulgaria

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Veps

Etymology

From Russian лев (lev).

Noun

lev

1. lion

Inflection

Inflection of lev (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	lev
genitive sing.	levan
partitive sing.	levad
partitive plur.	levoid
	singular	plural
nominative	lev	levad
accusative	levan	levad
genitive	levan	levoiden
partitive	levad	levoid
essive-instructive	levan	levoin
translative	levaks	levoikš
inessive	levas	levoiš
elative	levaspäi	levoišpäi
illative	levaha	levoihe
adessive	leval	levoil
ablative	levalpäi	levoilpäi
allative	levale	levoile
abessive	levata	levoita
comitative	levanke	levoidenke
prolative	levadme	levoidme
approximative I	levanno	levoidenno
approximative II	levannoks	levoidennoks
egressive	levannopäi	levoidennopäi
terminative I	levahasai	levoihesai
terminative II	levalesai	levoilesai
terminative III	levassai	—
additive I	levahapäi	levoihepäi
additive II	levalepäi	levoilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “лев”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[1], Petrozavodsk: Periodika