cecha

See also: cechą, Čecha, and cèchá

Old Polish

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-
Proto-Germanic *taikijaną
Proto-Germanic *taikną
Proto-West Germanic *taikn
Old High German zeihhan
Middle High German zeichenbor.
Old Polish cecha

    Borrowed from Middle High German zeichen, from Old High German zeihhan. First attested in 1441.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /t͡sʲɛ(ː)xa/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /t͡sʲɛxa/, /t͡sʲexa/

    Noun

    cecha f

    1. token; stamp (sign or marked object serving as evidence of a specific right or fulfillment of an obligation)
      • 1874-1891 [1441], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎[2], [3], [4], volume XXV, page 268:
        Czechy signa
        [Cechy signa]
    Derived terms
    verbs
    Descendants
    • Polish: cecha (“quality”)
    • Silesian: cycha

    Etymology 2

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-redup.
    Proto-Indo-European *-ti
    Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti
    Proto-Hellenic *títʰēmi
    Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)
    Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.
    Latin thēcabor.
    Proto-West Germanic *tēkā
    Old High German ziehha
    Middle High German ziechebor.
    Old Polish cecha

      Borrowed from Middle High German zieche. First attested in 1479.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /t͡sʲɛxa/
      • IPA(key): (15th CE) /t͡sʲɛxa/

      Noun

      cecha f (diminutive cyszka)

      1. bedding cover; sheet
      Alternative forms
      Descendants
      • Polish: cecha (“cover, bag”)
      • ⇒ Silesian: ceszka

      Etymology 3

        See cech.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /t͡sʲɛxa/
        • IPA(key): (15th CE) /t͡sʲɛxa/

        Noun

        cecha f

        1. alternative form of cech

        References

        Polish

        Etymology 1

        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-
        Proto-Germanic *taikijaną
        Proto-Germanic *taikną
        Proto-West Germanic *taikn
        Old High German zeihhan
        Middle High German zeichenbor.
        Old Polish cecha
        Polish cecha

          Inherited from Old Polish cecha (“token, stamp”). Doublet of cych and token.

          Pronunciation

           
          • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sɛ.xa/
          • Audio 1:(file)
          • Audio 2:(file)
          • Rhymes: -ɛxa
          • Syllabification: ce‧cha
          • Homophone: Cecha

          Noun

          cecha f

          1. (Modern Standard Polish)
            1. feature, quality, trait
              Synonym: właściwość
            2. certification mark (sign left i.e. by a company on an object)
            3. (philosophy) quality (inseperable part of something)
            4. (cartography) mark (marking the location of a point above sea level on a map)
            5. marker; stamp (hammer with a stamp on the head used for marking trees; any tool used for marking something)
              Synonym: cechówka
            6. (mathematics) floor, entier
              Synonym: podłoga
          2. (dialectal)
            1. (Western Kraków, children's games) type of children's game
            2. (Central Greater Poland, Ostrzesowskie) signal (sent sign; appearance)
              Alternative form: cech
          3. (obsolete)
            1. synonym of charakter (“character”) (traits assigned to a personality)
            2. Synonym: piętno / znak (“sign, mark”)
            3. guild notice (sign that was used to send notice of the date of collection of the guild)
          Declension
          Declension of cecha
          singular plural
          nominative cecha cechy
          genitive cechy cech
          dative cesze cechom
          accusative cechę cechy
          instrumental cechą cechami
          locative cesze cechach
          vocative cecho cechy
          Alternative forms
          Derived terms
          nouns
          • cecha dominująca
          • cecha dystynktywna
          • cecha legalizacyjna
          • cecha logarytmu
          • drugorzędowe cechy płciowe
          • pierwszorzędowe cechy płciowe
          • trzeciorzędowe cechy płciowe
          verbs
          nouns

          Trivia

          According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), cecha is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 54 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 24 times in essays, 9 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 94 times, making it the 670th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

          Etymology 2

          Etymology tree
          Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-redup.
          Proto-Indo-European *-ti
          Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti
          Proto-Hellenic *títʰēmi
          Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)
          Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.
          Latin thēcabor.
          Proto-West Germanic *tēkā
          Old High German ziehha
          Middle High German ziechebor.
          Old Polish cecha
          Polish cecha

            Inherited from Old Polish cecha (“cover”).

            Pronunciation

             
            • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sɛ.xa/
            • Audio 1:(file)
            • Audio 2:(file)
            • Rhymes: -ɛxa
            • Syllabification: ce‧cha

            Noun

            cecha f

            1. (obsolete)
              1. large webbed bag
            2. (dialectal)
              1. (Podlachia, Tykocin) sack (large bag made of thick hemp or linen fabric)
            3. (Middle Polish)
              1. duvet cover; pillowcase
            Declension
            Declension of cecha
            singular plural
            nominative cecha cechy
            genitive cechy cech
            dative cesze cechom
            accusative cechę cechy
            instrumental cechą cechami
            locative cesze cechach
            vocative cecho cechy
            Alternative forms

            Etymology 3

            See cech.

            Pronunciation

            1. (Central Greater Poland, Kościan) alternative form of cech (“guild, craft”)

            References

            1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “cecha”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 42

            Further reading

            • Modern Standard Polish:
              • “cecha”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
              • “cecha”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[7] (in Polish)
              • Zygmunt Saloni, et al., editors (2020), “cecha”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish]‎[8], 4. online edition, Warszawa
            • Middle Polish:
              • Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “1. cecha”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
              • Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “2. cecha”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
              • Krystyna Siekierska (16.01.2019), “CECHA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
            • Historic dictionaries:
            • Dialectal dictionaries:
              • Jan Karłowicz (1900), “cecha”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 162
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