caput

See also: căput and căpuț

English

Etymology

Etymology tree
substratebor.?
Proto-Indo-European *kap-?
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *káput
Proto-Italic *kaput
Latin caputlbor.
English caput

    Learned borrowing from Latin caput (“the head”). Doublet of cape, capo, chef, and chief, and distantly of head and Howth.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /kəˈpʊt/, /ˈkæp.ət/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
    • Homophone: kaput (for pronunciation with stress on second syllable)

    Noun

    caput (plural caputs or capita)

    1. (anatomy, archaic) The head.
    2. (anatomy, archaic) A knob-like protuberance or capitulum.
    3. The top or superior part of a thing.
    4. The head, the leader or chief of a group of people.
    5. (obsolete) The capital city, the headquarters.
    6. (UK, historical) The Caput Senatus, council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to its constitution of 1856[1]
      • 1823, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], “Oxford in the Vacation”, in Elia. Essays which have Appeared under that Signature in The London Magazine, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 22:
        D. has been engaged, he tells me, through a course of laborious years, in an investigation into all curious matter connected with the two Universities; and has lately lit upon a MS. collection of charters, relative to C⁠⸺, by which he hopes to settle some disputed points—particularly that long controversy between them as to priority of foundation. The ardor with which he engages in these liberal pursuits, I am afraid, has not met with all the encouragement it deserved, either here, or at C⁠⸺. Your caputs, and heads of colleges, care less than any body else about these questions.
    7. (medicine, colloquial) Ellipsis of caput succedaneum.

    References

    1. ^ Cambridge University website

    Anagrams

    Catalan

    Etymology

    Borrowed from German kaputt.

    Noun

    caput m (uncountable)

    1. kaput

    See also

    Latin

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

      From Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput. Cognates include German Haupt and English head.[1]

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      caput n (genitive capitis); third declension

      1. the head (of humans and animals)
        caput hūmānum ― human head
        1. (poetic) the head as the seat of the understanding
      2. (transferred sense, inanimate things):
        1. head; top; summit; point; end; extremity (beginning or end)
          • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.354–355:
            […] mē puer Ascanius capitisque iniūria cārī,
            quem rēgnō Hesperiae fraudō et fātālibus arvīs.
            “[I consider] my son Ascanius, and my wronging of his dear life’s summit, [how] I deprive him of his Hesperian kingdom and destined fields.”
            (Ascanius will become a legendary king and ancestor of the gens Julia.)
        2. origin; source; spring; head (of rivers)
          • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 1.1:
            nunc ad aquae lēne caput sacrae.
            now by some gentle river's sacred spring.
        3. mouth; embouchure (of rivers)
        4. (botany) the root
        5. vine branches
        6. (poetic) the summit; the top (of trees)
      3. (literature) a man; person; or animal
      4. (figurative):
        1. physical life
          • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico VII.1:
            […] omnibus pollicitationibus ac praemiis deposcunt qui belli initium faciant et sui capitis periculo Galliam in libertatem vindicent.
            and by every sort of promises and rewards, they earnestly solicit some to begin the war, and assert the freedom of Gaul at the hazard of their lives.
        2. civil or political life
        3. the head; leader; chief; guide; capital (the first or chief person or thing)
          caput rērum ― the main point of the matter
      5. (writing) division; section; paragraph; chapter.
        Synonym: capitulum
      6. (New Latin, anatomy) headlike protuberance on an organ or body part (usually bone)
        caput ulnae ― head of the ulna

      Usage notes

      • Used with either a genitive or a dative in the sense of a capital city.

      Declension

      Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

      singular plural
      nominative caput capita
      genitive capitis capitum
      dative capitī capitibus
      accusative caput capita
      ablative capite capitibus
      vocative caput capita

      Derived terms

      • capidula (possibly)
      • capidulum (possibly)
      • capis (possibly)
      • -ceps

      Descendants

      • Direct reflexes:
        • Sardinian: cabudu, cabude, cabide
      • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: capus (see there for further descendants)
      • Borrowings:
      • Reflexes of capita and, via back-formation, a new singular *capitum:
      • From *capucla, feminine of *capuclum, from *caputulum:
      • From *caputia:

      References

      1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caput, -itis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91

      Further reading

      • “caput”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “caput”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • "caput", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
      • “caput”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
        • to uncover one's head: caput aperire (opp. operire)
        • to bow one's head: caput demittere
        • to cut off a man's head: caput praecīdere
        • to strike one's head against the wall: caput parieti impingere
        • source, origin: fons et caput (vid. sect. III., note caput...)
        • a man's life is at stake, is in very great danger: salus, caput, vita alicuius agitur, periclitatur, in discrimine est or versatur
        • the main dish: caput cenae (Fin. 2. 8. 25)
        • to put our heads together: capita conferre (Liv. 2. 45)
        • a person's life is in jeopardy: caput alicuius agitur (vid. sect. V. 8)
        • the main point: quod caput est
        • (ambiguous) bare-headed: capite aperto (opp. operto)
        • (ambiguous) with head covered: capite obvoluto
        • (ambiguous) to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
        • (ambiguous) to subtract something from the capital: de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid
        • (ambiguous) to condemn some one to death: capitis or capite damnare aliquem
        • (ambiguous) to repeal a death-sentence passed on a person: capitis absolvere aliquem
        • (ambiguous) Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1)
        • (ambiguous) to suffer capital punishment: supplicio (capitis) affici
      • “caput”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • caput in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
      • “caput”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
      • Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
      • Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “head”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
      • Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “caput”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 130

      Portuguese

      Etymology

      Etymology tree
      substratebor.?
      Proto-Indo-European *kap-?
      Proto-Indo-European *kap-
      Proto-Indo-European *káput
      Proto-Italic *kaput
      Latin caputubor.
      Portuguese caput

        Unadapted borrowing from Latin caput (“the head”). Doublet of cabo, chefe, and chef.

        Pronunciation

        • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈka.pu.t͡ʃi/, (careful pronunciation) /ˈka.put/
        • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈka.pu.tɨ/, (careful pronunciation) /ˈka.put/

        Noun

        caput m (plural capita)(Brazil, higher register)

        1. that which is located above
        2. (law) a title or header of a legal article containing its central idea

        Further reading

        This page is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.