backgammon

See also: Backgammon

English

Etymology

Probably from back + Middle English gamen, from Old English gamen (“amusement, game”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: ʹbăkgămən, IPA^(key): /ˈbæk.ɡæm.ən/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

A backgammon board shown in starting position.

backgammon (countable and uncountable, plural backgammons)

2. A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.
   • 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 90:

     "I have borrowed Mrs. Palmer's backgammon-board," said Isabella, whose notion of an elderly gentleman's amusements of an evening was derived from what she had seen Mr. Palmer do.

3. (backgammon) A victory in the game when the loser has not borne off a stone, and still has one or more stones in the winner's inner home row or on the bar.

Derived terms

• backgammoner
• Dutch backgammon
• Russian backgammon

Related terms

• gammon

Translations

board game

• Abkhaz: ана́рд (anárd)
• Albanian: tavllë (sq) f
• Arabic: طَاوِلَة (ar) f (ṭāwila), نَرْد (ar) m (nard), لُعْبَةُ طَاوِلَة f (luʕbatu ṭāwila), طَاوِلَةُ زَهْر f (ṭāwilatu zahr)
• Aramaic:

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܵܪܕ݇ܬܲܚܬܵܐ f (nārtaḥtā), ܬܲܚܬܝܼܢܵܪܕ f (taḥtīnārd), ܬܲܚܬܝܼܣܘܼܠ f (taḥtīsūl), ܛܵܘܠܵܐ m (ṭāwlā)

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: נַרְדְּשִׁיר m (nardəšīr)

  Jewish Neo-Aramaic: שש־בש (šeš-beš), טאולא (ṭāwḷa)

• Armenian: նարդի (hy) (nardi)
• Asturian: backgammon m
• Azerbaijani: nərd (az), şeş-beş
• Belarusian: на́рды m pl (nárdy)
• Bulgarian: та́бла (bg) f (tábla)
• Catalan: backgammon m
• Chechen: нардаш (nardaš)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 雙陸棋 / 双陆棋 (zh) (shuānglùqí)

• Czech: vrhcáby (cs) m pl
• Danish: backgammon (da) n
• Dutch: backgammon (nl) n
• Estonian: triktrak
• Finnish: backgammon (fi)
• French: backgammon (fr) m
• Georgian: ნარდი (ka) (nardi)
• German: Backgammon (de) n

  Alemannic German: Backgammon n

• Greek: τάβλι (el) n (távli)
• Hebrew: שֵׁשׁ בֵּשׁ (he) m (shesh besh)
• Hindi: बैकगैमौन ? (baikgaimaun), नर्द (hi) m (nard)
• Hungarian: ostábla (hu)
• Icelandic: kotra f
• Irish: táiplis mhór f
• Italian: tavola reale (it) f, backgammon (it) m, tric trac m, tricche tracche m, sbaraglino (it) m, sbaraglio (it) m
• Japanese: バックギャモン (ja) (bakkugyamon)
• Kazakh: нарды (nardı)
• Korean: 백개먼 (baekgaemeon)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: nerd (ku)

• Kyrgyz: нарды (nardı)
• Latin: nerdiludium m
• Latvian: nardi pl
• Lithuanian: nardai pl
• Luxembourgish: Backgammon n
• Macedonian: та́бла f (tábla)
• Malay: backgammon
• Mirandese: gamon m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: backgammon n

• Pashto: نرد m (nard)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: نَرْد (nard), تَخْتِه نَرْد (taxte nard), نَرْدَشیر (nardašir)

  Middle Persian: [script needed] (nywʾlthšyl /⁠nēw-ardaxšēr⁠/)

• Polish: tryktrak (pl) m inan, nardy nvir pl
• Portuguese: gamão (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਬੈਕਗੈਮਨ (baikgaiman)
• Romanian: table (ro) f pl
• Russian: на́рды (ru) m pl (nárdy), триктра́к (ru) m (triktrák)
• Scottish Gaelic: tàileasg m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: та̀вла f, триктра̏к m

  Latin: tàvla (sh) f, triktrȁk (sh) m

• Slovak: backgammon m
• Slovene: backgammon m
• Spanish: backgammon (es) m
• Swedish: backgammon (sv) n
• Tagalog: bakgamon
• Tajik: нард (nard)
• Thai: แบ็กแกมมอน
• Turkish: tavla (tr) n, nert
• Ukrainian: на́рди m pl (nárdy)
• Urdu: نَرْد m (nard), تَخْتَۂ نَرْد m (taxta-yi nard)
• Uzbek: narda (uz)

See also

• tick-tack
• tric-trac, trick-track

Verb

backgammon (third-person singular simple present backgammons, present participle backgammoning, simple past and past participle backgammoned)

1. To win at a backgammon game with the opponent having one or more pieces in the winner’s inner home row or on the bar.

Further reading

• backgammon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from English backgammon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baˈɣamon/ [baˈɣa.mõŋ]
• Rhymes: -amon

Noun

backgammon m (uncountable)

1. backgammon (board game)

Finnish

Etymology

From English backgammon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbækɡɑm(ː)on/, [ˈbækɡɑ̝m(ː)o̞n]
• Rhymes: -ækɡɑmon
• Syllabification^(key): back‧gam‧mon
• Hyphenation^(key): back‧gam‧mon

Noun

backgammon

1. backgammon

Declension

Inflection of backgammon (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		backgammon	backgammonit
genitive		backgammonin	backgammonien backgammoneiden backgammoneitten
partitive		backgammonia	backgammoneita backgammoneja
illative		backgammoniin	backgammoneihin
		singular	plural
nominative		backgammon	backgammonit
accusative	nom.	backgammon	backgammonit
	gen.	backgammonin
genitive		backgammonin	backgammonien backgammoneiden backgammoneitten
partitive		backgammonia	backgammoneita backgammoneja
inessive		backgammonissa	backgammoneissa
elative		backgammonista	backgammoneista
illative		backgammoniin	backgammoneihin
adessive		backgammonilla	backgammoneilla
ablative		backgammonilta	backgammoneilta
allative		backgammonille	backgammoneille
essive		backgammonina	backgammoneina
translative		backgammoniksi	backgammoneiksi
abessive		backgammonitta	backgammoneitta
instructive		—	backgammonein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of backgammon (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative backgammonini backgammonini accusative nom. backgammonini backgammonini gen. backgammonini genitive backgammonini backgammonieni backgammoneideni backgammoneitteni partitive backgammoniani backgammoneitani backgammonejani inessive backgammonissani backgammoneissani elative backgammonistani backgammoneistani illative backgammoniini backgammoneihini adessive backgammonillani backgammoneillani ablative backgammoniltani backgammoneiltani allative backgammonilleni backgammoneilleni essive backgammoninani backgammoneinani translative backgammonikseni backgammoneikseni abessive backgammonittani backgammoneittani instructive — — comitative — backgammoneineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative backgammonisi backgammonisi accusative nom. backgammonisi backgammonisi gen. backgammonisi genitive backgammonisi backgammoniesi backgammoneidesi backgammoneittesi partitive backgammoniasi backgammoneitasi backgammonejasi inessive backgammonissasi backgammoneissasi elative backgammonistasi backgammoneistasi illative backgammoniisi backgammoneihisi adessive backgammonillasi backgammoneillasi ablative backgammoniltasi backgammoneiltasi allative backgammonillesi backgammoneillesi essive backgammoninasi backgammoneinasi translative backgammoniksesi backgammoneiksesi abessive backgammonittasi backgammoneittasi instructive — — comitative — backgammoneinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative backgammonimme backgammonimme accusative nom. backgammonimme backgammonimme gen. backgammonimme genitive backgammonimme backgammoniemme backgammoneidemme backgammoneittemme partitive backgammoniamme backgammoneitamme backgammonejamme inessive backgammonissamme backgammoneissamme elative backgammonistamme backgammoneistamme illative backgammoniimme backgammoneihimme adessive backgammonillamme backgammoneillamme ablative backgammoniltamme backgammoneiltamme allative backgammonillemme backgammoneillemme essive backgammoninamme backgammoneinamme translative backgammoniksemme backgammoneiksemme abessive backgammonittamme backgammoneittamme instructive — — comitative — backgammoneinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative backgammoninne backgammoninne accusative nom. backgammoninne backgammoninne gen. backgammoninne genitive backgammoninne backgammonienne backgammoneidenne backgammoneittenne partitive backgammonianne backgammoneitanne backgammonejanne inessive backgammonissanne backgammoneissanne elative backgammonistanne backgammoneistanne illative backgammoniinne backgammoneihinne adessive backgammonillanne backgammoneillanne ablative backgammoniltanne backgammoneiltanne allative backgammonillenne backgammoneillenne essive backgammoninanne backgammoneinanne translative backgammoniksenne backgammoneiksenne abessive backgammonittanne backgammoneittanne instructive — — comitative — backgammoneinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative backgammoninsa backgammoninsa accusative nom. backgammoninsa backgammoninsa gen. backgammoninsa genitive backgammoninsa backgammoniensa backgammoneidensa backgammoneittensa partitive backgammoniaan backgammoniansa backgammoneitaan backgammonejaan backgammoneitansa backgammonejansa inessive backgammonissaan backgammonissansa backgammoneissaan backgammoneissansa elative backgammonistaan backgammonistansa backgammoneistaan backgammoneistansa illative backgammoniinsa backgammoneihinsa adessive backgammonillaan backgammonillansa backgammoneillaan backgammoneillansa ablative backgammoniltaan backgammoniltansa backgammoneiltaan backgammoneiltansa allative backgammonilleen backgammonillensa backgammoneilleen backgammoneillensa essive backgammoninaan backgammoninansa backgammoneinaan backgammoneinansa translative backgammonikseen backgammoniksensa backgammoneikseen backgammoneiksensa abessive backgammonittaan backgammonittansa backgammoneittaan backgammoneittansa instructive — — comitative — backgammoneineen backgammoneinensa

Further reading

• “backgammon”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English backgammon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bak.ɡa.mɔn/

• Audio (France (Paris)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Noun

backgammon m (uncountable)

1. backgammon

See also

• trictrac

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English backgammon.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

backgammon m (uncountable)

1. backgammon

   Synonyms: tric trac, tavola reale

Spanish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English backgammon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baɡˈɡamon/ [baɣ̞ˈɣ̞a.mõn]
• Rhymes: -amon
• Syllabification: back‧gam‧mon

Noun

backgammon m (uncountable)

1. backgammon

   Synonyms: chanchullo, chaquete, tablas reales

Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Further reading

• “backgammon”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 24th edition, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 30 October 2026