Turm

See also: turm and türm

Translingual

Etymology

Borrowed from German Turm (“rook”).

Noun

Turm

  1. (chess) Spoken by a player during a match with one or more visually impaired players to indicate a rook in algebraic notation.

References

Bavarian

Alternative forms

  • Tuam, Duam (spelling)

Etymology

From Middle High German turm, an East Central German variant of turn, from Old High German turn, from Old French *torn (cf. the diminutive tornele), variant of tor, from Latin turris. From the same Old French source are Dutch toren, Low German Toorn. The final -m is probably due to sporadic dissimilation; a connection with the Latin accusative turrim (as sometimes conjectured) is unlikely.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈd̥uɐ̯m/
  • IPA(key): /ˈtʰuɐ̯m/ (influenced by Standard German)

Noun

Turm m (plural Tirm)

  1. tower
  2. (chess) rook (piece shaped like a castle tower)

Coordinate terms

Chess pieces in Bavarian · Schachfigurn (see also: Schach) (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
Kini Dam Turm Laifer Springer, Ressl Bauer

German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German turm, an East Central German variant of turn, from Old High German turn, from Old French *torn (cf. the diminutive tornele), variant of tor, from Latin turris. From the same Old French source are Dutch toren, Low German Toorn. The final -m is probably due to sporadic dissimilation; a connection with the Latin accusative turrim (as sometimes conjectured) is unlikely.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʊʁm/
  • Audio (Germany (Berlin)):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʊʁm

Noun

Turm m (strong, genitive Turmes or Turms, plural Türme, diminutive Türmchen n or Türmlein n)

  1. (architecture) tower, spire (very tall building or structure, especially with a tapering top)
    • 1998, Archaeologia Bulgarica, page 100:
      Die Lage des Turmes ist an der westlichen inneren Festungsmauer unmittelbar südlich von einem Mauerbogen.
      The tower is positioned on the western inner castle wall, immediately south of an arch.
  2. (architecture) steeple (tall tower on a church, normally topped with a spire)
    Synonym: Kirchturm
  3. (chess) rook (piece shaped like a castle tower)
    Synonyms: Elefant, Roch, Roche, Rochen
    • 2009, Siegbert Tarrasch, Das Schachspiel. Systematisches Lehrbuch für Anfänger und Geübte, Jens-Erik Rudolph Verlag, page 137:
      Die Türme sollen immer möglichst rasch miteinander in Verbindung, „verdoppelt” sein. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil des Verlustes der Rochade ist es, daß die Verbindung der Türme gestört ist.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  4. (sports) diving platform (structure used for competitive diving)
    Synonym: Sprungturm

Declension

Declension of Turm [masculine, strong]
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein der Turm die Türme
genitive eines des Turmes, Turms der Türme
dative einem dem Turm, Turme1 den Türmen
accusative einen den Turm die Türme

1Now rare, see notes.

Coordinate terms

Chess pieces in German · Schachfiguren, Schachsteine (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
König Dame, Königin Turm Läufer Springer, Pferd, Ross, Rössel Bauer

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Hungarian: torony
    • → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: то́рањ
      Latin script: tóranj
  • → Lower Sorbian: torm
  • → Luxembourgish: Tuerm
  • → Romanian: turn

Further reading

  • “Turm”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[1] (in German)
  • “Turm” in Duden online
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