Vijayanagara

This article is about a city in India. For the 14th to 17th century empire, see Vijayanagara Empire. For the district in Karnataka, see Vijayanagara district. For the city in Coastal Andhra, see Vizianagaram. For other uses, see Vijaynagar (disambiguation).

Vijayanagara
City
Virupaksha Temple, Vijayanagara, Karnataka
Vijayanagara Location in Karnataka, India Vijayanagara Vijayanagara (India)
Coordinates: 15°20′00″N 76°27′36″E
Country	India
State	Karnataka
District	Vijayanagara
Established	1520 (1520)
Founder	Harihara and Bukka
Named for	City of Victory

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Groups of Monuments at Hampi

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Location within Karnataka Location within India
Location	Hampi (City), Vijayanagara district, Karnataka, India
Includes	Virupaksha Temple
Criteria	Cultural: i, iii, iv
Reference	241
Inscription	1986 (10th Session)
Endangered	1999–2006
Area	4,187.24 ha (10,346.9 acres)
Buffer zone	19,453.62 ha (48,070.9 acres)
Website	Archaeological Survey of India – Hampi
Coordinates	15°20′04″N 76°27′44″E

Vijayanagara (transl. 'City of Victory') was the capital city of the historic Vijayanagara Empire. Located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, it spread over a large area and included sites in the Vijayanagara district, the Ballari district, and others around these districts. A part of Vijayanagara ruins known as the Group of Monuments at Hampi has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Hampi, an ancient human settlement mentioned in Hindu texts, houses pre-Vijayanagara temples and monuments. In the early 14th century, the dominant Kakatiyas, Seuna Yadavas, Hoysalas, and the short-lived Kampili kingdom, who inhabited the Deccan region, were invaded and plundered by armies of Khalji and later Tughlaq dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate.

Vijayanagara was founded from these ruins by the Sangama brothers, who were working as soldiers in the Kampili Kingdom under Kampalidevaraya. The city grew rapidly. The Vijayanagara-centred empire functioned as a barrier to the Muslim sultanates in the north, leading to the reconstruction of Hindu life and scholarship, multi-religious activity, rapid infrastructure improvements, and economic activity. Along with Hinduism, Vijayanagara accepted communities of other faiths such as Jainism and Islam, leading to multi-religious monuments and mutual influences. Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers state Vijayanagara to be a prosperous and wealthy city.

By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second largest medieval era city (after Beijing) and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal.

Wars between nearby Muslim sultanates and Hindu Vijayanagara continued, however, through the 16th century. In 1565, the Vijayanagara leader Aliya Rama Raya was captured and killed, and the city fell to a coalition of Deccan sultanates. The conquered capital city of Vijayanagara was looted and destroyed for 6 months, after which it remained in ruins.